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Pakistan reveals defence spending

Actually, I have met the sons of Pakistani Generals going to US colleges that cost 30,000-40,000 a year.. Of course 1-2 cases does not mean anything, but you do run across them in US Engineering colleges or in the UK law colleges. Also, plenty of people in the US are worth 3-4 million dollars at retirement if they invest wisely, but that money has to last 10-20 years, so they don't waste it on frivolous things like bullet proof BMW's.... Any personal observation without fact to back it up can be countered by other personal observations without fact to back it up... I hope you see my point?

I remember a list of 200 richest Generals in the times of Zia. In the top 20 (Ithink!) were 6 Pakistani generals. But in general just like every one else good and bad exists every where. We need to determine the salary of 1 4 star General which should not be more than Grade 22 officer. As such it should not be more than 70-80,000 Rs monthly.(Iam purely guessing here , so dont ask me for a source)
Araz
 
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Where do your figures come from?

How about I give you figures from those that I know have served in such ranks?

The salary of an officer in the rank of Lt Gen is not more than Rs 60,000/month.

When the officers retire, they obviously retire with their pensions. For an officer of the rank of Lt Gen, this comes out to about 40 years of service. So when they retire, they do get a decent sum of money but its no different than a civilian employee of the government in the same grade as the Lt Gens (I am not including the 4 star Generals as they are few (2 + 2 more PAF and PN) and certain exceptions in perks and benefits apply to them that are not available in general to other General officers.

In terms of land and plots, nobody gets them for free. The Army sets a scale and its optional for the officer to exercise that option and pay for the lot. Many have not done that, but many other have. The land that is allocated for exercise of this option is usually in far flung areas and then the Army develops the land and then the prices go up and these individuals sell the lots for profit or they build on them and live there. There is nothing illegal in the act of selling at a higher price. Most of the Generals in the US are taken on by defence consulting, manufacturing firms and retained on hefty salaries and bonuses. These guys invest in the markets and make their money. Pakistani officers tend to do the same with investments and exercise of their options to buy a plot and build on or sell it later.

On the issue of investments, a vast majority of the Armed forces officers invest in Defence Savings Certificates. These in my personal opinion are the biggest earners of money for the officers. They continue to buy these throughout their service and when they retire, in most cases, the money in these DSS is a pretty substantial sum.

I have known sons of Lt Gens, Maj Gens in the US who have worked odd jobs (tutoring in the labs etc.) while they have gone to school. There are a few who come from well off families as well (landed, fuedal families with father in the Army). These are mostly exceptions.

I hate to say this, but this whole issue around the plots etc. has two factors. One is admittedly there is abuse, the other is that of sour grapes.

When officers retire, you have to remember that most officers retire when they are fairly young (in their 40s), they really have a very general skill set available to them. Not every body is absorbed by this "Milbus" complex that the lady author refers to..most officers after retiring are looking for a job that would pay their bills. They retain their health benefits and at most a plot of land (if they have exercised that option and have paid for), to support their families on. Senior officers have a bit more flexibility as they earn more money and can get jobs in administration and management due to their backgrounds. Also their years in service give them a better package at the time of retirement. I would stand by my statement that while the urge is always there to make more money, most officers retire and go into private life, ventures.

Senior officers due to their better financial standing may be more capable of moving their assets around in more real estate and as such you may see people who retire with a few lots.

The sour grapes issue arises with the fact that Army actually develops the land given to the officers and then it increases in value due to the fact that unlike other civilian developers, Army actually delivers. For civilians this is a major cause of resentment, but the problem here is not with Army or its development efforts, rather with the sorry state of civilian land development. I know first hand the stories of massive corruption on the civilian side when it comes to investing in land in Pakistan.

Overall when you peel the layers, you will find that Pakistani Generals are relatively well off, however not by hook or crook, rather by the way the Army allows them to use the land. However the counter point to this is, why should the Army lay down rules for the plots for the officers when no such rules are in place for civilian plots? In the end, in all areas developed by the military for the officers go into the hand of the civilians. So all in all, the resentment is a bit misplaced.

Lastly, I will put my money on it and tell you that nobody in Pakistan who happens to be at the same grade level as that of a Maj Gen and above (and its civilian side) is actually in dire straits financially...they are all well taken care of by the govt. The fact that the critique is only reserved for the armed forces is wrong.
 
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it looks like the civilian government is out to shackle the army down and ensure there are no more coups.
 
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Defence budget tabled in Senate, thanks to CoD

ISLAMABAD (June 18 2008): The government on Tuesday presented defence budget worth Rs 295 billion in the Senate, showing increase in budgetary allocations to Pakistan Army (4.31 percent increase); Air Force (5.93 percent increase), and Navy (14.16 percent increase) during 2008-09.

Leader of the house Raza Rabbani tabled the budget. Though complete details were not presented but the government tabled budgetary allocation of services break-up for 2008-09. The break-up has been listed in seven categories, covering employees-related expenses, operating expenses, travel/transportation, general, physical assets, other stores and stocks and civil works.

PAKISTAN ARMY: According to the budgetary document, the allocation for Pakistan Army has gone up by 4.31 percent as compared to last year. The government has allocated Rs 128.699 billion for 2008-09 against Rs 123.378 billion allocated in 2007-08.

The break-up showed that Rs 71.274 billion would be spent on employees related matters, Rs 22.337 billion for operating expenses, and Rs 21.527 each for physical assets and other stores and stocks.

AIR FORCE: There is an increase of 5.93 percent in the budgetary allocation of Air Force ie Rs 71.006 billion for fiscal year 2008-09 as compared to last year's allocation of Rs 67.028 billion. The budgetary figures show that last year an amount of Rs 67.028 billion was allocated, which was revised downward to Rs 63.332 billion.

During the coming year, major chunk of the allocation, Rs 79.194 billion, will be spent for physical assets and other stores and stocks. An equal amount of Rs 39.597 has been allocated each for these two categories.

NAVY: The government has increased the budgetary allocations for Navy by 14.16 percent in the defence budget with total allocation of Rs 29.133 billion, as compared to last year's Rs 25.518 billion. The major portion of the budgetary allocation will be spent on physical assets and other stores/stocks of Navy.

DP ESTABLISHMENT: An amount of Rs 66.467 billion has been allocated for Defence Production establishment and allied departments of forces showing an increase of 14.48 percent against last year.

Out of Rs 66.467 billion, an amount of Rs 40.129 billion has been allocated for operating expenses and Rs 36.342 billion for general category given in the documents.

"Today, we are crossing an unprecedented milestone in the country's history. Under charter of democracy (COD), we signed with PML (N), the government is presenting defence budget in this house," said Rabbani before tabling the defence budget in the house. The House met, with Mohammedmian Soomro in the chair, two hours behind its schedule.

There was uproar in the Upper House of Parliament when the members opened debate on the defence budget, some criticising military's role in country's politics, and called for slashing the budgetary allocations. Opposition members were once about to walk out when a treasury member, Khalid Soomro, demanded that the defence budget should be cut to 50 percent.

The opposition members, including Gulshan Saeed and Pari Gul Agha, stood from their seats and strongly opposed any criticism on the military. Raza said the coalition government had "proudly fulfilled" its promise by tabling the defence budget in the Senate, as was pledged by two top political leaders Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif in Charter of Democracy (CoD).

He admitted that the government had not been able to present complete details of the defence budget, but it was a first step towards the supremacy of parliament. He said that the PPP-led government did not want confrontation with any state institution, but wants to make sure that Pakistan Army plays its role within the ambit of constitution.

"The parliament is the supreme institution, and all other institutions are accountable to it," he added. He said they had also defined the role of intelligence agencies in the CoD that would be ensured as well, in near future.

Opposition leader Kamil Ali Agha welcomed the government's step to present the defence budget in the parliament but said that there should not be confrontation among any institutions.

He praised the role of Pakistan Army, saying that it had always played important role, whether in protecting the borders of the country or in any catastrophe.

There were divergent views among the other members as some of them called for increasing the budget and some treasury members voiced for reducing the allocations for the armed forces.

Business Recorder [Pakistan's First Financial Daily]
 
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it looks like the civilian government is out to shackle the army down and ensure there are no more coups.

Amna.
Can I then ask whether you favour further coups. I dont because it is not the task of Armed forces to run the country. Langri and looli Parlianment as we have is probably still better than Martial Law. If you look at this step with out any bias the step is a right one and the public should know what the Army spends and perhaps it will clear the misconception that the General lives in Absolute splendouransdd so on and so forth.
WaSalam
Araz
 
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Senate debates defence budget for first time

Wednesday, June 18, 2008

By Mumtaz Alvi

ISLAMABAD: In a landmark development, details of the 2008-09 defence budget on a two-page document were tabled in the Senate, as several lawmakers called for a cut in the allocations, keeping in view the overall economic situation.

The Army’s budget estimates are Rs128.699 billion, Rs71.006 billion is estimated for the Pakistan Air Force and the Navy’s share is Rs29.133 billion, whereas the total defence budget is Rs295.306 billion. Chief of Army Staff General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani was asked to review the budget if possible.

While some opposition senators insisted on allocating more for the armed forces, some of their colleagues wanted a downward review in funds under the head of general expenditure and operating expenses.

The proceedings were marred by a rumpus, which hit the House when Khalid Mahmood Soomro passed some remarks against the Army for its operations in Balochistan, South and North Waziristan.

Some senators from both sides of the aisle hurled allegations against each other. The debate on the defence budget remained suspended for some time. After the impassioned speech by Deputy Chairman Senate Jan Muhammad Jamali, Leader of the House Mian Raza Rabbani presented the defence budget amid massive desk-thumping by the treasury and opposition members alike.

However, the debate was held in the second sitting, whereas during the first sitting that began with a whopping delay of two hours, for which no explanation was given in the House, the general budget debate was concluded. Ishaq Dar was given time to speak on the budget in the evening.

The selective break-up of Rs295.30 billion defence budget is: the lion’s share goes to the army, with Rs128.69 billion, its employees related expenses are Rs71.2 billion, the operating expense of the army for the next fiscal is estimated at Rs22.33 billion, its assets’ maintenance expense is estimated at Rs21.5 billion.

Likewise, general expenses are Rs17.654 billion, for other stores and stocks, Rs21.527 billion and the same allocation has been made for physical assets, whereas for travel and transportation, Rs4.682 billion. Rs13.560 billion for civil works.

The Pakistan Air Force is being allocated Rs71 billion with operational expenses estimated at around Rs16.46 billion and its employees-related expenses are Rs10.7 billion; Rs39.597 billion each for physical assets and other stores and stocks, and Rs4.239 billion for civil works.

However, its expenses for maintaining its assets are higher than that of the army at Rs39.579 billion. While, the Navy has a total budget of only Rs29.1 billion, its operational expenses are Rs3.535 billion, employees-related expenses Rs6.750 billion.

The Defence Production Division has the budget allocation of Rs66.4 billion: these include the arms and armaments produced in the country and the quality certification of defence units. During the debate on defence budget, lawmakers from across the aisle, welcomed its tabling and termed the day as historic, and expressed hope next year, more details would be available.

Mian Raza Rabbani said it was a first step that the defence budget had been presented in the Parliament as per their commitment made in the Charter of Democracy. The entire nation and political parties would be behind the army if it played its role under Article-242 of the Constitution. Some people have been using the military to prolong their rule, creating a confrontational environment.

“We are neither against any institution nor want any confrontation, but want to strengthen the Parliament and that the institutions function in line with the constitution,” he emphasised. He made it clear that there was a mention about the role of the secret agencies in the charter and the government was committed to realise that.

The lawmaker clarified that Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani had given no direction for taking phones of politicians and journalists, rejecting the impression created in recent days. Senator Azam Swati of JUI-F proposed to the army chief to voluntarily have a look on the allocations, as Rs549 billion were for the entire country’s development and Rs295 billion for the armed forces.

Several treasury senators called upon the army to function within its constitutional parameters and desist from playing any role in politics. Leader of Opposition Kamil Ali Agha insisted that while criticising the army, one should not forget the numerous services rendered by the institution in 1965 and 1971 and the earthquake in 2005 and on other such occasions.

He said the armed forces were the defenders of the country who had a role in maintenance of law and order also, hoping, next year the defence budget details may comprise 200 pages. PML Secretary General Mushahid Hussain Syed said it was a great day and called for the accountability of the state institutions including the army, as the Parliament was supreme.

He noted that there was a need to redefine the national security’s concept with reference to the rule of law, the Parliament, education and the civilians. PPP’s Rukhsana Zuberi proposed that a study should be conducted to ascertain the possible environmental impact of the new GHQ being built in Islamabad.

“The defence is misleading, as the retired army personnel’s pension has been included in the civilian budget and there is no need to increase the defence budget. It should be slashed instead,” said Shahid Bugti of JWP.

Dr Abdul Malik of National Party noted that 11.56 per cent of the total land that too prime land belonged to the armed forces. Like Germany and Japan, Senator Ismail Buledi noted, Pakistan never required the army. Whereas, Dr Muhammad Saad said the army should be on the pattern of Israel army, comprising of farmers, teachers, clerks and other segments of society.

He said that these army personnel were paid modest salaries and could be ready on a one-hour notice. The senator charged that the army would have to shun the British colonial traditions. Nisar A Memon of PML-Q insisted that it was everybody’s democratic right to speak about any institution, but the sensitivity of the national security should be kept in mind.

Zafar Iqbal Jhagra said that they had great respect for the army as an institution, but its role could be discussed, as it was not a sacred cow. Prof Khurshid Ahmed of Jamaat-e-Islami pointed out that during the military rules, the allocations for the PAF and the Navy were gradually reduced in proportion to the army’s budget.

He was of the view that the Parliament could take up the matter and give an advice in this connection. Ghafoor Haideri said that the army would face criticism in the Parliament if continued with its political role and killing its own people in different parts of the country.

ANP’s Muhammad Adeel said the defence budget should have carried information about the profits of the Fauji Foundation, Askari Bank, Bahria Foundation, the army-related stadiums, petrol pumps and other such activities.

Razina Alam said she was proud of the armed forces for its services to the nation and wanted increase in the defence budget, keeping in mind the rising inflation. Kamran Murtaza noted that the defence budget debate was useless, as neither the Senate nor the National Assembly could slash or add any amount under Article-82 of the Constitution.

Senate debates defence budget for first time
 
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Wow, so before this, the army spent whatever it wanted, no questions asked?

Astonishing!
 
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Defending the defence budget

By Shujaat Ali Khan

The military establishment is a necessity, however undesirable it may be considered. Without an adequate defence, our sovereignty could be compromised, not necessarily by an all-out war, but through coercive actions

The Rs297 billion proposed Defence Budget for 2008-9 is less than last year’s in real terms. Still, there is talk of excessive spending on defence. It is important to put the issue in perspective, starting with some basics.

The budget caters to expenditure incurred to meet the cost of maintaining and upgrading the armed forces and their weapon systems. This expenditure is normally in proportion to the size of the forces and their “force goals”. The size and force goals are determined by the Defence Strategy as dictated by the Defence Policy, which in turn is subordinate to the National Policy. It is assumed that National Policy (de jure or de facto) is a reflection of our national aspirations.

The “threat perception” is the most important factor in determining a state’s military response; consequently it impacts our budget. The perception of the “threat” flows from the “threat environment”. It is viewed somewhat differently by civil analysts and military planners.

Generally, bilateral relations, geo-strategic compulsions, international pressures and economic interests, are some of the factors which influence the threat environment. In our case, in the last sixty years, Kashmir has put Indo-Pak relations under severe strain. Ironically, it is the political leaders on both sides that have adopted an inflexible stance. In this adverse climate of mutual hostility expecting sudden improvement in the threat environment would be unrealistic.

Consequently, civilian analysts need to appreciate that unless there is a significant improvement in the regional environments, our military guard can only be lowered at a cost to our sovereignty.

Military planners tend to view the threat perception differently. They give little weight to the “environment”, and look rather cynically at “friendly relations” or good intentions of other states. Defence establishments work on the principle that in international relations there are no permanent friends, only permanent interests.

On the table of military balance, a comparison with Indian armed forces indicates a numerical superiority of 2:1 in land forces and 4:1 in naval and air forces. This numerical advantage does not take into account the distinct edge in quality of weapon systems.

India is acquiring state of the art armament from the USA, Russia, Europe and Israel. Its defence budget has grown at an average rate of 16 percent a year for the last many years. This year it has announced military spending of USD26.5 billion, five times more than Pakistan’s. (It may be noted that the Indian defence budget, like ours, does not reflect financial outlays on major weapon system acquisitions, usually transacted on long-term credit and loans.)

The asymmetry in the combat potential of conventional forces of India and Pakistan, to a large extent, has been neutralised by symmetry in nuclear capabilities. Indian superiority in the number of warheads or their delivery systems, is marginal, and enables us to maintain the credibility of nuclear deterrence. But India is also constantly upgrading its nuclear capabilities aiming at a triad of delivery systems in addition to state of the art anti-ballistic missiles. If we remain complacent, we risk degradation and even possible neutralisation of our nuclear deterrence capability.

It is misleading to think that acquisition of nuclear deterrence capability eliminates dependence on conventional forces. The assumption is correct only to the extent that a marginal asymmetry in conventional forces does not upset military balance so long as the force differential is not so wide as to tempt a larger neighbour to impose its will or settle scores through low intensity conflicts (stopping short of an all-out war).

A balance between nuclear and conventional forces is essential to any defence strategy. There is already a wide disparity between the conventional forces of India and Pakistan. Any significant cut in the existing potential will tilt the balance dangerously in favour of India.

Here are some conclusions from these hypotheses:

* There is an indirect relationship between Defence Strategy and National Aspirations, but a direct relationship with threat perception.

* Threat perception has to be viewed in terms of a state’s military capabilities. It is not a simple function of regional environments (which are dynamic and evolutionary in nature) or good intentions of neighbours.

* Regional environments can and should be improved by a fresh pragmatic approach (e.g., the Kashmir dispute). However, improvement in the regional threat environments, do not necessarily eliminate the threat in the short term. At best they transform an “imminent threat” into a “threat in being’, and help in pushing up the conflict threshold.

* Reduction in conventional forces is a viable option if it is based on an acceptable ‘mutual and balanced force-reduction’ formula.

* Defence expenditures are not transparent in any country of the world because of security and secrecy requirements. However, a one liner statement is not enough, and some broad details should be given to Parliament (as it is being done this time) In any case, select committees can always examine these expenditures in greater detail, as is done in the developed democracies.

* Historically, there has never been a war between two nuclear states. Pakistan and India have achieved this equation, thus making all-out war a near impossibility.

* Collectively, we do not live any more under a “Security State Syndrome’, nor a “Kashmir Fixation”. In fact, there is far greater pragmatism on Kashmir today than a decade ago, although some rightwing parties continue to display a ‘no compromise” attitude.

From these arguments it would appear that we are in a bind, having to choose between a rock and a hard place. This year the economic situation is precarious, and may get even worse in the short to mid term. But despite economic difficulties, we may not be able to cut our forces drastically (without a shift in our national policy). I would nevertheless, recommend a gradual cut back over a few years.

Our military system needs rationalisation to save on recurring expenditure. There are three suggestions:

Firstly, make a gradual shift from an all-volunteer army to partial conscription, phased over five years. The Turkish model may be worth emulating.

Secondly, cut down the teeth to tail ratio and outsource maintenance and supply services.

Thirdly, institute compulsory absorption of all retiring persons under sixty years of age in the civilian sector, particularly in security organisations (It is not generally known that average retiring age for officers is 51 years, and 42 for servicemen below commissioned rank).

Pensions could thus be deferred till the age of superannuation, and the services of a disciplined manpower can be utilised. Pensions are not part of the defence budget, but nevertheless are a burden on the national exchequer. It would be a very unpopular step, particularly with the civil establishment, but practical nevertheless. (In developed countries, it is the constitutional right of all citizens to serve till the age of superannuation (60 or 62 years. Consequently the retiring age of military personnel is the same as civilians.)

In the ultimate analysis, the military establishment is a necessity, however undesirable it may be considered. Without an adequate defence, our sovereignty could be compromised, not necessarily by an all-out war, but through coercive actions. In the friendliest of regional environments, we could be living under “benevolent domination” of a bigger neighbour.

Shujaat Ali Khan was a Major General in the Pakistan Army, later serving as Pakistan’s Ambassador to Morocco. He was also Director General of ISI’s internal wing

Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan
 
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Wow, so before this, the army spent whatever it wanted, no questions asked?

Well I dont know if I would put it like that. Every thing done by the Army is kept and recorded. But their are a selected few who know what is being spent. Maybe President Musharraf knows, the top Army Generals ad maybe some politicians whom the Army trusts. But records are kept.
 
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Wow, so before this, the army spent whatever it wanted, no questions asked?

Astonishing!

Not entirely correct. Spending, acquisitions and budget were discussed but by the DCC (Defence Committee of the Cabinet) instead of the entire parliament in closed door proceedings. Even in India, the entire defence budget is not disclosed in the manner that Western Governments do it. This is a good start though.
 
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Is it transparent now?


By Ayesha Siddiqa

THE new government has made the defence budget relatively transparent. The new defence budget now discloses expenditure on personnel, operations and assets. It also contains service-wise breakup.

Although the disclosure is still not perfect and a lot of people expect more details, the availability of some information as compared to the one-line budget of the past is an essential first step.

It shows that the new military leadership had realised that it could not improve the organisation’s image without making some basic concessions including relative transparency of its spending.

How far the appetite for greater information will be satisfied will depend on this — and the successive — government’s ability to capitalise upon this opportunity to expand its power vis-à-vis the armed forces.

Broadly speaking, there are two patterns of transparency in military expenditure. The first relates to the Nato definition of defence spending which clearly specifies that it would include all activities, even those in the civilian sector and by para-military forces, which are designed to strengthen the military’s capability.

The Nato classification includes pension, defence industry, special projects and all other defence related spending.

The other pattern relates to the Indian definition of the defence budget that provides certain amount of details but does not meet the Nato definition. The Indian budget gives breakdowns for the three services and also figures of annual capital expenditure versus operations spending. Since there is no hard and fast rule about what each country will reveal, Pakistan seems to have followed the latter approach. This pattern represents the via media between civilian demand for greater information and

the military’s sensitivity for some amount of secrecy.

It could be argued that it is not impossible to follow the US and British pattern of disclosure of defence estimates, but given the colonial nature of the military institution, the figures which have been provided now are better than the complete opacity of the past.

This transparency is a historic milestone on, hopefully, what will turn out to be a road to greater transparency and better civilian control of the defence sector. Improved civilian authority over the armed forces is a corollary of greater transparency and vice versa.

A more confident civilian government means the one which makes the military and the country at large confident of its ability to deliver and govern the state. In Pakistan’s historical context, the military is a political force to reckon with and it would have to be convinced of the ability of the political dispensation to govern the country to cooperate more.

A glance at the recently released budgetary figure of Rs295.306bn shows that the armed forces are spending 34 per cent on personnel, 28 per cent on operations, 4.1 per cent on travel, 29.7 percent on physical assets (meaning weapons), 8.7 per cent on civil works and 23.9 per cent goes on general expenditure.

The service-wise breakdown is 43 per cent is the army’s share, 24 per cent is for the air force, and 9.8 per cent for the navy and 22.5 per cent goes to inter-services and defence production institutions. The teeth-to-tail ratio appears negative.

The defence budget does not include approximately Rs45bn in military pensions nor does it necessarily disclose off-budget financing. There are definitional issues as well such as where to classify retired military personnel that continue to work in civilian departments whose pay and personnel cost is not charged to the defence budget. Then there are other expenses incurred by the civilian local governments on behalf of military establishments or in cantonment areas which does not show up as part of military expenditure.

One could go on and on with details of where the lines between military and civilian spending are fuzzy. Tabulating all such figures we could reach a total of Rs350-360bn. This does not mention the spending on the nuclear programme, not all of which can be found in this more transparent defence budgetary figure.

But let’s not complain about the current level of transparency. The greater problem is with the other claim regarding the possible reduction of defence spending which cannot happen due to the following reasons. First, the current configuration of the military does not allow for a substantial reduction of the military’s long-term liabilities such as personnel cost. A noticeable reduction can happen in two situations: (a) a unilateral decision by Pakistan (within a regional arms control framework) to disarm and (b) change the structure of the military by making it less labour intensive and more capital intensive.

These are serious political decisions which cannot be taken until the government is stable and the Defence Cabinet Committee of the Parliament (DCC) is strong enough to make such decisions.

Second, currently the DCC depends upon the military for input. The 22 parliamentary committees, which were formed during the 1970s as a result of ‘higher defence re-organisation’ of the Bhutto days, do not have a system whereby independent opinion is sought to corroborate the information provided by the military intelligence services and the service headquarters.

For example, during the 1980s, the air and naval headquarters had played up external threat to force the government to allow the services to buy a certain category of French missiles. Since the government then did not have an alternative source of information, it gave in to the demands. The present parliament could either encourage a system of lobbying by various stakeholders as happens in the US or allow for the streamlining of the defence bureaucracy for better information.

This brings me to the third issue of the lack of capacity of the existing Ministry of Defence (MoD). Over the years, the MoD has become impotent due to its militarisation and lack of expertise. The MoD should be manned by experts who know management of defence. This means training of bureaucrats and bringing in outside experts. The Pakistani civilian bureaucrats, especially of the MoD, are no comparison to their more powerful counterparts in India.

The appointment of military officers in key positions in the ministry has completely weakened the ability of the civilian bureaucrats to deliver. An under-capacitated MoD bureaucracy cannot reduce the wastage in the defence budget which is estimated to be over 20 per cent. This means that we cannot have reduction in the short or medium terms.

Fourth, accountability is a crucial factor. There are structural flaws in the military’s accounting and auditing system which currently encourages wastage.

Finally, given the military’s existing plans to carry out military modernisation, it does not seem that immediate defence burden will reduce substantially in the short to medium term. Thus, a short-term suggestion one could offer the existing parliament is to hold a conference of experts on military expenditure and defence accountability in which international and national experts could apprise the government about how to go about its business of dealing with the defence burden. If the cat is to be belled, let it be done properly.

The writer is an independent strategic and political analyst.

ayesha.ibd@gmail.com

I think this article raises a few very valid points which need discussion. We do need specialized training in handling and management of defence spending, perhaps there is a need of inhouse training and developing local expertise.
Ara
 
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Very informative Article, good article Araz.

The defence budget does not include approximately Rs45bn in military pensions nor does it necessarily disclose off-budget financing. There are definitional issues as well such as where to classify retired military personnel that continue to work in civilian departments whose pay and personnel cost is not charged to the defence budget. Then there are other expenses incurred by the civilian local governments on behalf of military establishments or in cantonment areas which does not show up as part of military expenditure.

If Ret. servicemen are working in Civil government such a Governors and Steal Mill CEO and so on there pension should be halted as they are already earning more than enough.
 
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I wonder if there is a black budget provision in this new way of doing things where they hold back exactly what is being spent on. For instance, if they want to finance a joint project with China of ultra hi res infrared cameras for UAVs and JF-17s, F-16s to compliment the BVR capabilities then how can they keep something like that secret if they have to itemize everything and make it public?
 
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If Ret. servicemen are working in Civil government such a Governors and Steal Mill CEO and so on there pension should be halted as they are already earning more than enough.

If they are reciving money from both sides that is wrong and should be stoped. Now as far as I am concerned if a sevring Army General or any other rank is serving in a civilian dpartment, they dont get paid by both departments, they get which one is higher. Now I dont know if retired service men are getting paid the same way.
 
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