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How? Is there a pipeline even planned across the Hindu Kush? How is this pipedream (no pun intended) going to be realized?

stranger things have happened.
 
stranger things have happened.

Agreed.

An all-season large-capacity oil pipeline across a 16,000 foot high seismically active mountain range along the only major watershed of the country would be a technological marvel indeed, if it ever materializes. If. Ever.
 
MK 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS)

The MK 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS - pronounced "sea-whiz") is a fast-reaction, rapid-fire 20-millimeter gun system that provides US Navy ships with a terminal defense against anti-ship missiles that have penetrated other fleet defenses. Designed to engage anti-ship cruise missiles and fixed-wing aircraft at short range, Phalanx automatically engages functions usually performed by separate, independent systems such as search, detection, threat evaluation, acquisition, track, firing, target destruction, kill assessment and cease fire. Phalanx underwent operational tests and evaluation onboard USS Bigelow in 1977, and exceeded maintenance and reliability specifications. Phalanx production started in 1978 with orders for 23 USN and 14 Foreign Military Sales (FMS) systems.

Phalanx is a point-defense, total-weapon system consisting of two 20mm gun mounts that provide a terminal defense against incoming air targets. CIWS, without assistance from other shipboard systems, will automatically engage incoming anti-ship missiles and high-speed, low-level aircraft that have penetrated the ship primary defense envelope. As a unitized system, CIWS automatically performs search, detecting, tracking, threat evaluation, firing, and kill assessments of targets while providing for manual override. Each gun mount houses a fire control assembly and a gun subsystem. The fire control assembly is composed of a search radar for surveillance and detection of hostile targets and a track radar for aiming the gun while tracking a target. The unique closed-loop fire control system that tracks both the incoming target and the stream of outgoing projectiles gives CIWS the capability to correct its aim to hit fast-moving targets, including ASMs. The intent is to destroy the warhead on incoming missile. As a secondary measure, should it fail to hit the warhead, CIWS's rate of fire is intended to blow holes in the missile body, causing it to break up in air.

The gun subsystem employs a gatling gun consisting of a rotating cluster of six barrels. The gatling gun fires a 20mm subcaliber sabot projectile using a heavy-metal (either tungsten or depleted uranium) 15mm penetrator surrounded by a plastic sabot and a light-weight metal pusher. The gatling gun fires 20mm ammunition at either 3,000 or 4,500 rounds-per-minute with a burst length of continuous, 60, or 100 rounds.

As a defensive weapon, the Close In Weapons System (CIWS) has special significance for Navy ships and their crews. Battle tested by the British during the Falkand War in the early 1980's, CIWS proved remarkably effective. Navy ship crews routinely test and operate CIWS to ensure the system is working correctly. While most testing involves tracking and firing at a simulated target, the real excitement starts when the fire control teams can fire at a real target.

CIWS has been a mainstay self defense system aboard nearly every class of ship since the late 70's. It was originally designed to defeat low altitude antiship cruise missiles (ASCMs). As antiship cruise missiles became more complex in maneuvers and ability to be detected, and warfare areas moved from open ocean to littoral environments, CIWS has evolved to meet the threat.

Block 0 incorporated on-mount search and track radars, the M61A1 gatling gun capable of firing at a rate of 3,000 rounds per minute, and a 980-round magazine.

Block 1 incorporated a new search antenna to detect high altitude missiles, improved search sensitivity, increased the ammunition available for firing by 50 percent, a pneumatic gun drive which increased the firing rate to 4500 rounds per minute, and started using tungsten ammunition in place of depleted uranium. Block I improvements provide increased elevation coverage, larger magazine space for increased round capacity, a variable and higher gun fire rate, and improved radar and processing capabilities.

Block 1 baseline 0 upgrades included a larger magazine (1,500 rounds), a multiple pulse repetition frequency search radar, an expanded radar search envelope to counter diving targets as well as reliability and maintainability improvements.

Block 1 baseline 1 replaced the hydraulic gun drive with a pneumatic (air-driven) gun drive system that increased the rate of fire to 4,500 rounds per minute. Search radar sensitivity was also improved in the baseline 1 upgrade.

Block I baseline 2 introduced further reliability upgrades and a muzzle restraint to decrease dispersion. Installed on multiple non-Aegis and Aegis ships, neither the original Phalanx Block 0 nor the subsequent Block 1 baseline 0, 1, or 2 upgrades are integrated with a ship self-defense system. A January 1992 Chief of Naval Operations decision requires replacement of Phalanx with the new ESSM system in new construction DDG ships. Though it initially appeared that DDG-79 would be the first new construction DDG to receive Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile in lieu of Phalanx, it now appears that, due to a slippage in the ESSM development program, DDG-85 will be the first. The Navy plans to install the Phalanx Block 1 baseline 2 configuration as temporary installations on DDG-79 through 84 until ESSM is produced.

Block 1A incorporated a new High Order Language Computer (HOLC) to provide more processing power over the obsolete general purpose digital computer, improved fire control algorithms to counter maneuvering targets, search multiple weapons coordination to better manage engagements, and an end-to-end testing function to better determine system functionality. Block 1A provides for basic integration with the Ship Self Defense System and enables RAM missile engagement through the Phalanx detection and track function. As of mid-March 2000, Block 1A installations had been completed on 20 DDG (Aegis) destroyers, 2 LHD, 2 FFG-7, and 9 LSD 41/49 class ships. In addition, LHD-7 (currently under construction) will commission with Block 1A.

Block 1B Phalanx Surface Mode (PSUM) upgrade allows engagement of small, high-speed, maneuvering surface craft and low, slow-moving aircraft, and hovering helicopters. This upgrade incorporates a thermal imager, an automatic acquisition video tracker, and a stabilization system for the imager, providing both day and night detection of threats. The thermal imager improves the system's ability to engage anti-ship cruise missiles by providing more accurate angle tracking information to the fire control computer. Additionally, the FLIR assists the radar in engaging some ASCM's bringing a greater chance of ship survivability. The thermal imager Automatic Acquisition Video Tracker (AAVT) and stablilization system provide surface mode and electro-optic (EO) angle track. Operational evaluation of Block 1B, conducted aboard USS Underwood (FFG-36) and the Self-Defense Test Ship, was completed in August 1999. According to Phalanx Program Office plans, Block 1B will be installed in 11 other FFG-7 CORT ships between June 2000 and July 2002.

Baseline 2C improvements provide an integrated multi-weapon operations capability. During integrated operations, the command system controls CIWS sensors, target reports, mode employment, and doctrine. The sensors are utilized to provide 360 degree search and track coverage, while providing track data to, and receiving designations from, the Command system. This CIWS installation includes a conversion kit for each weapon group to facilitate ease and safety of maintenance; the "maintenance enclosure" kit installs the below-deck equipment for a gun mount in a prefabricated enclosure with the mount located above it.

According to the Navy's Material Readiness Database for fiscal years 1997 through 1999, the SLQ-32 electronic warfare system, NATO Sea Sparrow Surface Missile System (NSSMS), Phalanx Close-in Weapon System, and the SPS-48E radar system were among the ship self-defense systems with the lowest availability rates. The Navy's measure of effectiveness for Equipment Operational Capability (availability) is classified in the following manner: Operable = Greater than 0.8; Minor problems = 0.7 - 0.8; Limited capability = 0.5 - 0.6; Major problems = 0.3 - 0.4; Inoperative = 0 - 0.2.

GSOrg
 
Phalanx is a point-defense, total-weapon system consisting of two 20mm gun mounts that provide a terminal defense against incoming air targets.
This is incorrect: a single 'stand alone' Phalanx is often used and there is no indication that mounts are coordinated on ships that actually have 2 Phalanx mounts.

According to the Navy's Material Readiness Database for fiscal years 1997 through 1999, the SLQ-32 electronic warfare system, NATO Sea Sparrow Surface Missile System (NSSMS), Phalanx Close-in Weapon System, and the SPS-48E radar system were among the ship self-defense systems with the lowest availability rates.
Is this correct? That would actually be a bad rather than a good thing. Unless 'UNavailability rate' is meant....

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DCNS to Supply Combat Systems for Pakistani Submarine

28 September 2010

French naval company DCNS has won a contract to supply two Subtics combat management systems for Pakistan's Agosta 70 diesel-electric submarine fleet.

Subtics, the submarine tactical integrated combat system, integrates sensors and weapons, and can be retrofitted on boats of different manufacture, including those of Russian build.

Pakistan purchased the two DCNS built Agosta diesel-electric submarines in 1978 and has plans to add more modern boats to its fleet, according to the Defence News.

DCNS marketing manager for submarine combat systems Alain Cursat said the company had signed a contract in June 2010 for the modernisation of Agosta 70 boats.


any update on this?
 
PNS Mehran, Pakistan

Key Data
Type: Naval Air Station
Location: Karachi, Sindh Province, Pakistan
Built: 1975
Occupants: Pakistan Naval Air Arm


PNS Mehran is the first Naval Air Station of Pakistan. Located in Karachi, the base is the headquarters of the Pakistan Navy's Naval Air Arm. It provides installation support to the Naval Air Arm's surveillance, maritime patrol and reconnaissance missions.

PNS Mehran was attacked by the Pakistani Taliban terrorists on 22 May 2011. Six armed militants cut the barbed wire and entered the base premises from the rear side. The terrorists destroyed two P-3C Orion aircraft parked at the base. Foreigners at the base, including 11 Chinese and six Americans, were rescued by the Special Service Group (SSG) commandos. The rescue operation lasted for about 16 hours and resulted in the death of 10 security force personnel and four militants, and injuries to 15force personnel.

History:

The office of the Commander Pakistan Fleet issued the commissioning orders for the PNS Merhan on 13 September 1975. The base was formally commissioned on 26 September 1975. The base had only eight officers, four sailors and no aircraft to support the Naval Air Arm. The Pakistan Air Force and Army initially assisted the Naval Air Arm to conduct training for air and ground crew. The first Westland Sea King helicopter arrived at the base after commissioning though it was acquired from the UK in September 1974.

The Sea King was the first helicopter to fly from the base. The first squadron of the Naval Air Arm was established in 1976 with three Breguet Atlantique aircraft. These aircraft were soon after complemented by Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopters. The 333 Squadron was formed with six Alouette helicopters purchased from France in 1977. The Fokker F-27 Aircraft acquired in 1982 formed the 27 Squadron.

"The base is also equipped with hangars and maintenance facilities for the aircraft. Naval Aviation Training School (NATS) was established in April 1988. The 222 Squadron was formed with three Lynx helicopters received from the UK in early 1994 and the 28 Squadron was established by three P-3C Orion aircraft bought in 1996.

Since its inception in 1975, PNS Mehran has continuously grown and today it supports the operations of approximately 25 multi-role aircraft of the Pakistan Navy.

PNS Mehran operations:

The Naval Air Arm at PNS Mehran is controlled by Commander Naval Aviation (COMNAV). COMNAV consists of four Head of Departments (HODs) including Commander Air (Cdr Air), Commander Air Engineering Department (Cdr AED), Commanding Officer MEHRAN (CO MEH) and Officer Commanding Naval Aviation Training School (OC NATS).

Cdr Air operates six squadrons including P3C 28 ASW/ASV Squadron, Atlantique 29 ASW Squadron, Fokker 27 Maritime ASW Squadron, Sea King 111 ASW/ASV Squadron and Alouette 333 ASW Squadron. It controls the flying activities of the base through the commanding officer of each squadron.

"The Sea King was the first helicopter to fly from the base."Cdr AED monitors the technical efficiency of the fleet. AED can conduct maintenance, repair and rebuilding on P-3C Orion, Atlantique, Fokker, Sea King and Alouette III aircraft. The logistics and administrative support to the aviation units is provided by CO MEHRAN.

The OC NATS offers aviation related training for air and ground crew of the Naval Air Arm. The school trains surface fleet officers and servicemen to satisfy the requirements of ship borne flight operations. The Base Flight Safety Officer ensures the safe flying practices implemented by the squadrons. The quality standards maintained by the maintenance and technical departments are monitored by the Quality Assurance Officer.

The Pakistan Naval Air Arm fleet stationed at PNS Mehran includes P-3C Orion Long Range Maritime Patrol (LRMP) aircraft, Atlantique LRMPs, F-27 Fokker LRMPs, Sea King helicopters and Alouette helicopters.

Air facilities:

PNS Mehran has a single runway to support the operations of P-3C Orion, Atlantique and F-27 Fokker aircraft. The base is also equipped with hangars and maintenance facilities for the aircraft. The Air Engineering Department (AED) performs maintenance, equipment modification and structural repairs of the air facilities. It also conducts inspection, refurbishment and reconstruction of aircraft.

PNS Mehran is located in Karachi, Pakistan.
Pakistan Naval Air Arm Alouette 333 of the ASW Squadron.
PNS Mehran is the headquarters of the Pakistan Navy's Naval Air Arm.

NT
 
The SeaVue XMC radar

is designed to address the need for persistent and accurate wide-area surveillance in the tactical maritime theatre.

Its flexible architecture allows integration into various platforms and can be used to perform border surveillance, exclusive economic zone monitoring, anti-piracy, illegal traffic monitoring, oil spill detection, and search and rescue missions.

More than 150 SeaVue radars without the expanded capability are currently operational in the US, Japan, Mexico, Italy, Australia, the UK, Thailand, Norway, Pakistan and Taiwan

any info on this?
 
I think for EW/ELINT we should look towards some JF-17 Dual Seat Block-IIs

EW involves actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations. The overlapping discipline, ELINT is the related process of analyzing and identifying the intercepted frequencies.

It is therefore clear that one needs a platform with sufficient room to install capable radar and other electronic equipment as well as seating for the air crew & personnel operating electronic gadgets and making sense of data. Such aircrafts also need to be the airborne for hours on end and therefore must carry sufficient fuel.

JF-17 is far too small an aircraft for the job.
 
The SeaVue XMC radar

is designed to address the need for persistent and accurate wide-area surveillance in the tactical maritime theatre.

Its flexible architecture allows integration into various platforms and can be used to perform border surveillance, exclusive economic zone monitoring, anti-piracy, illegal traffic monitoring, oil spill detection, and search and rescue missions.

More than 150 SeaVue radars without the expanded capability are currently operational in the US, Japan, Mexico, Italy, Australia, the UK, Thailand, Norway, Pakistan and Taiwan

any info on this?

See manyfacturer site: Raytheon Company: SeaVue Surveillance Radar

SeaVue

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DCNS to Supply Combat Systems for Pakistani Submarine

28 September 2010

French naval company DCNS has won a contract to supply two Subtics combat management systems for Pakistan's Agosta 70 diesel-electric submarine fleet.

Subtics, the submarine tactical integrated combat system, integrates sensors and weapons, and can be retrofitted on boats of different manufacture, including those of Russian build.

Pakistan purchased the two DCNS built Agosta diesel-electric submarines in 1978 and has plans to add more modern boats to its fleet, according to the Defence News.

DCNS marketing manager for submarine combat systems Alain Cursat said the company had signed a contract in June 2010 for the modernisation of Agosta 70 boats.


any update on this?

talked to a former Agosta-70 boat skipper. according to him the upgrades are almost complete. it will enhance the operational capability of the agosta-70's
 
a replacement for the F27 Is currently being studied with the CASA 235/295 and ATR 42/72 ASW are under consideration

2 examples are going to be delivered by Dec-2012.:pakistan:
 
a replacement for the F27 Is currently being studied with the CASA 235/295 and ATR 42/72 ASW are under consideration

2 examples are going to be delivered by Dec-2012.:pakistan:

ATR 72 Anti-Submarine Warfare

Developed by Alenia Aermacchi, the ATR 72 ASW is the most affordable solution to fulfill the Anti-Submarine role in modern naval warfare.

Proven in revenue service under a wide range of operating conditions, the ATR 72 is well adapted to ASW missions as a result of its design and size which provide a solid airframe, the necessary support systems, and the cabin volume to accommodate the special equipment required to search for, detect, identify, track, and attack both submarines and surface targets on command.

The ATR 72 ASW integrates the tactical patrol and surveillance mission system of the ATR 42 Surveyor with additional anti-submarine warfare capabilities such as a search radar, an acoustic system with sonobuoy launcher, an electro-optic system, a Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD), a self protection system including Electronic Support Measures (ESM), Missile Warning System (MWS), chaff and flare dispensers and an armament system with four underfuselage pylons for depth charges, torpedoes and antiship missiles.

The ATR 72 ASW has been recently selected by the Turkish Government to be operated by the Turkish Navy.

For more details, please visit: ATR Aircraft

TECHNICAL DATA

Dimensions
Span 27.05 m 88.75 ft
Length 27.17 m 89.13 ft
Height 7.65 m 25.08 ft
Wing area 61 sqm 657 sqft

Weights
Empty 15,052 kg 33,184 lb
Takeoff (maximum) 21,960 kg 48,413 lb

Power Plant
Take-off power 2,475 SHP
Take-off power 2,750 SHP
Propeller (Hamilton Sundstrand) 6 Blade 568F

Performance (clean, ISA)
Balance take-off field length (ISA - Sea Level MTOW) 1,290 m 4,232 ft
Landing Field Length (Sea level -MLW) 1,067 m 3,500 ft
Maximum Cruise Speed (97% MTOW - ISA - 16,000 ft) 276 kt
 
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PN should buy these aircrafts in good numbers as they are much more capable than anything at present. I wish that after gaining two ATR-42/72 they will develop a program to order about 8-11 ATR-72 ASW aircrafts soon(by 2015) and to replace F-27 along with Atlantique and even selling the ATR-42 too.

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