Pakistan irrigation System updates
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ghazi52
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"A Karez"
"The Cultural Landscape of Balochistan"
Mastung, Balochistan
Karez System Cultural Landscape
Description
The Karez system of the Balochistan desert is a vibrant example of an ancient and still functional approach to community-based water management in an arid landscape. Karez irrigation technology was developed in arid and semi-arid areas from India and western China through the Middle East into North Africa.
The technology is believed to have originated in the 1st millennium BC in Persia from where the knowledge travelled east and westward along the Silk Route, throughout the Muslim world, arriving in Xinjiang in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 24 AD) and in Balochistan somewhat earlier.
Traditionally, areas of population correspond closely to the areas where karez are possible. In this way the karez, its communities and their lands and pastures combine to form an organically evolved cultural landscape, rich in meaning and perfectly adapted to its harsh environment.
Karez are constructed as a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by sloping tunnels, which tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface by gravity, without need for pumping. The first well where the water is tapped for a karez is called the mother well, and there is a zone of roughly 1,200 feet in diameter where it is forbidden to dig new wells or otherwise threaten the quality and quantity of the groundwater. The vertical shafts along the underground channel are purely for maintenance purposes, and water is used only once it emerges from the daylight point.
Karez allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without loss of much of the water to evaporation. The system has the advantage of being resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, and to deliberate destruction in war. Furthermore, it is almost insensitive to the levels of precipitation, delivering a flow with only gradual variations from wet to dry years. A karez is environmentally sustainable as it has no additional energy requirement and, thus, has low life cycle operation and maintenance costs.
Karez are owned and maintained by the community who buy shares in it or “shabanas”, 24-hour cycles. A karez, depending upon its size, may have anywhere from 18 to 32 shabanas distributed between its shareholders, with individual claims ranging from the right to a few minutes to a week of water. A shareholder, or shareeq, is entitled to the standing of a country gentleman in the community and may sit in a jirga and weigh in on collective decisions. In this way the system of water access, distribution and use is closely linked to social structures and community identity.
Although a karez system is expensive to construct, its long-term value to the community, and thereby to the group that invested in building and maintaining it, is substantial.
Today, though the system is under threat, there are approximately 1053 functioning karezes in Balochistan having more than 22,000 lps discharge, irrigating 27,000 ha in 2012. Another 270 karez are not functioning but could be restored to use. They are located in the northwest corner of Balochistan bordering with Afghanistan and Iran. A group of four representative karez is being proposed for inclusion on the Tentative List:
"The Cultural Landscape of Balochistan"
Mastung, Balochistan
Karez System Cultural Landscape
Description
The Karez system of the Balochistan desert is a vibrant example of an ancient and still functional approach to community-based water management in an arid landscape. Karez irrigation technology was developed in arid and semi-arid areas from India and western China through the Middle East into North Africa.
The technology is believed to have originated in the 1st millennium BC in Persia from where the knowledge travelled east and westward along the Silk Route, throughout the Muslim world, arriving in Xinjiang in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC – 24 AD) and in Balochistan somewhat earlier.
Traditionally, areas of population correspond closely to the areas where karez are possible. In this way the karez, its communities and their lands and pastures combine to form an organically evolved cultural landscape, rich in meaning and perfectly adapted to its harsh environment.
Karez are constructed as a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by sloping tunnels, which tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface by gravity, without need for pumping. The first well where the water is tapped for a karez is called the mother well, and there is a zone of roughly 1,200 feet in diameter where it is forbidden to dig new wells or otherwise threaten the quality and quantity of the groundwater. The vertical shafts along the underground channel are purely for maintenance purposes, and water is used only once it emerges from the daylight point.
Karez allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without loss of much of the water to evaporation. The system has the advantage of being resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, and to deliberate destruction in war. Furthermore, it is almost insensitive to the levels of precipitation, delivering a flow with only gradual variations from wet to dry years. A karez is environmentally sustainable as it has no additional energy requirement and, thus, has low life cycle operation and maintenance costs.
Karez are owned and maintained by the community who buy shares in it or “shabanas”, 24-hour cycles. A karez, depending upon its size, may have anywhere from 18 to 32 shabanas distributed between its shareholders, with individual claims ranging from the right to a few minutes to a week of water. A shareholder, or shareeq, is entitled to the standing of a country gentleman in the community and may sit in a jirga and weigh in on collective decisions. In this way the system of water access, distribution and use is closely linked to social structures and community identity.
Although a karez system is expensive to construct, its long-term value to the community, and thereby to the group that invested in building and maintaining it, is substantial.
Today, though the system is under threat, there are approximately 1053 functioning karezes in Balochistan having more than 22,000 lps discharge, irrigating 27,000 ha in 2012. Another 270 karez are not functioning but could be restored to use. They are located in the northwest corner of Balochistan bordering with Afghanistan and Iran. A group of four representative karez is being proposed for inclusion on the Tentative List:
- Spin Tangi Kareze, District Quetta
- Chashma Achozai Kareze, District Quetta
- Ulasi Kareze, District Pishin
- Kandeel Kareze, Muslim Bagh, District Killa Saifullah
ghazi52
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Irrigation system in Sindh Pakistan is being upgraded on modern lines keeping in view global environmental degradation and rapidly growing water needs. The irrigation in Sindh was intensified through the construction of barrages and development of canal irrigation system.
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Dadhocha Dam.
Rs1,173 million has been provided by the Punjab government for acquisition of additional land for Dadhocha Dam.
In 2019, the Punjab government had told the Supreme Court that it will complete the construction of the dam in 2021.
The government has allocated Rs2.8 billion to purchase the land for the dam.
The dam was proposed in 2001.
The dam project also concerns the 35 million gallons per day (MGD) water reservoir of the dam, for supplying water to the garrison city, since the older reservoir of Rawal Dam has completed its life span of 50 years.
The feasibility study for Dadhocha dam was approved during 2013-14, after which the irrigation department had hired consultants to move ahead with the project. In 2002, a pre-feasibility study of site No 1 was carried out by the Small Dams Organisation, which remained under active consideration for construction of the dam, the study stated, adding to secure the area required for the proposed project, a notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was also issued on November 3, 2010.
The area falls in the jurisdiction of three Tehsils of Rawalpindi district namely, Rawalpindi, Kahuta, and Kallar Syedan.
The two new water reservoirs over Ling River and Soan River were planned after realising the population explosion, for which the location of Dadhocha Dam over Ling River was technically evaluated and subsequently, recommended by Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica), the petitioner said.
In August 2015, the Punjab government had declared the present site for the dam as technically and economically more feasible.
The consultant had suggested that a very narrow gorge and a natural bowl-shaped reservoir was present at the site, which was ideal for construction of the dam.
It was mentioned in the study that site No2 will have a storage capacity of 24,259 acres with 25 million gallons a day of water being supplied to the city.
The hydrology at the site is rated suitable for sustainable water supply.
Rs1,173 million has been provided by the Punjab government for acquisition of additional land for Dadhocha Dam.
In 2019, the Punjab government had told the Supreme Court that it will complete the construction of the dam in 2021.
The government has allocated Rs2.8 billion to purchase the land for the dam.
The dam was proposed in 2001.
The dam project also concerns the 35 million gallons per day (MGD) water reservoir of the dam, for supplying water to the garrison city, since the older reservoir of Rawal Dam has completed its life span of 50 years.
The feasibility study for Dadhocha dam was approved during 2013-14, after which the irrigation department had hired consultants to move ahead with the project. In 2002, a pre-feasibility study of site No 1 was carried out by the Small Dams Organisation, which remained under active consideration for construction of the dam, the study stated, adding to secure the area required for the proposed project, a notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was also issued on November 3, 2010.
The area falls in the jurisdiction of three Tehsils of Rawalpindi district namely, Rawalpindi, Kahuta, and Kallar Syedan.
The two new water reservoirs over Ling River and Soan River were planned after realising the population explosion, for which the location of Dadhocha Dam over Ling River was technically evaluated and subsequently, recommended by Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica), the petitioner said.
In August 2015, the Punjab government had declared the present site for the dam as technically and economically more feasible.
The consultant had suggested that a very narrow gorge and a natural bowl-shaped reservoir was present at the site, which was ideal for construction of the dam.
It was mentioned in the study that site No2 will have a storage capacity of 24,259 acres with 25 million gallons a day of water being supplied to the city.
The hydrology at the site is rated suitable for sustainable water supply.
ghazi52
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Kotri Barrage in the night. Also known as the Ghulam Muhammad Barrage, is a barrage on the Indus River between Jamshoro and Hyderabad in Sindh Pakistan. It was completed in 1955, used to control water flow in the Indus for irrigation and flood control purposes.
Nov 8, 2021
Nov 8, 2021
ghazi52
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Karam Tangi Dam
The completion of the first phase of the Karam Tangi Dam will bring 16 thousand 380 acres of land under cultivation and about 19 MW of affordability of electricity.
The USAD has granted $ 81 million grant for this project while the command area of the project Italian corporation government for the development of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is giving an easy loan of 45 million dollars.
The completion of the first phase of the Karam Tangi Dam will bring 16 thousand 380 acres of land under cultivation and about 19 MW of affordability of electricity.
The USAD has granted $ 81 million grant for this project while the command area of the project Italian corporation government for the development of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is giving an easy loan of 45 million dollars.
ghazi52
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November 24, 2021
The ECNEC also approved Remodelling of Warsak Canal System in Peshawar and Nowshera districts worth Rs16.695.81 billion.
The 2nd revised PC-1 was considered on 50:50 cost sharing basis between federal and provincial government.
Any variation in the cost of the project will be borne by the provincial government.
The ECNEC also approved Remodelling of Warsak Canal System in Peshawar and Nowshera districts worth Rs16.695.81 billion.
The 2nd revised PC-1 was considered on 50:50 cost sharing basis between federal and provincial government.
Any variation in the cost of the project will be borne by the provincial government.
ghazi52
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Spate Irrigation System (Sailaba)
Location: Wahid Bakhsh Bazar , Around 40 km SSE of Panjgur city. Balochistan
At an elevation of around 3,500 ft, it's a beautiful valley with a lot of intermittent streams, masterly managed by the people, employing one of the oldest Flood Water Management Systems in the World (Sailaba).
Location: Wahid Bakhsh Bazar , Around 40 km SSE of Panjgur city. Balochistan
At an elevation of around 3,500 ft, it's a beautiful valley with a lot of intermittent streams, masterly managed by the people, employing one of the oldest Flood Water Management Systems in the World (Sailaba).
ghazi52
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Sukkur Barrage to remain close 15 days for renovation from Jan 06
https://nation.com.pk/NewsSource/web-desk
Web Desk
December 15, 2021
Sukkur Barrage, Pakistan’s largest irrigation system, will remain closed from January 06 for 15 days for renovation and cleaning, citing the chief engineer.
Chief Engineer of Sukkur Barrage has announced that all seven off-taking canals of the barrage will remain closed from January 06-20, 2022 and the gates of barrage will be opened for annual cleaning and renovation of the structure.
Annual renovation work of the barrage will begin as the water level will drop in the waterworks, the chief engineer said.
The barrage official said that supply of drinking water to citizens from canals will be affected during the annual closure. The citizens and the city administration have been advised to store water.
The concerned authorities have also been advised to arrange alternate drinking water supply for the city.
Sukkur Barrage have 66 gates in its structure. The waterworks will complete its 90 years since its inauguration on January 13 in year 1932 by British Viceroy of India Lord Wellington. The foundation stone of the barrage was laid on October 1923 by Bombay’s Governor George Lloyd.
Sukkur Barrage has seven off-taking canals, out of which three – Dadu Canal, Rice Canal and North Western Canal (Kirthar) – are situated on right bank of the river, and four – Khairpur Feeder West, Rohri Canal, Khairpur Feeder East and Nara Canal – are at the left bank.
https://nation.com.pk/NewsSource/web-desk
Web Desk
December 15, 2021
Sukkur Barrage, Pakistan’s largest irrigation system, will remain closed from January 06 for 15 days for renovation and cleaning, citing the chief engineer.
Chief Engineer of Sukkur Barrage has announced that all seven off-taking canals of the barrage will remain closed from January 06-20, 2022 and the gates of barrage will be opened for annual cleaning and renovation of the structure.
Annual renovation work of the barrage will begin as the water level will drop in the waterworks, the chief engineer said.
The barrage official said that supply of drinking water to citizens from canals will be affected during the annual closure. The citizens and the city administration have been advised to store water.
The concerned authorities have also been advised to arrange alternate drinking water supply for the city.
Sukkur Barrage have 66 gates in its structure. The waterworks will complete its 90 years since its inauguration on January 13 in year 1932 by British Viceroy of India Lord Wellington. The foundation stone of the barrage was laid on October 1923 by Bombay’s Governor George Lloyd.
Sukkur Barrage has seven off-taking canals, out of which three – Dadu Canal, Rice Canal and North Western Canal (Kirthar) – are situated on right bank of the river, and four – Khairpur Feeder West, Rohri Canal, Khairpur Feeder East and Nara Canal – are at the left bank.
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