Gadani’s ship-breaking industry revives, but sustainability doubtful
Sunday, April 04, 2010
KARACHI: After a gap of almost 10 years, Pakistan’s ship-breaking industry seems to be back on track. More than 30 ships, including oil tankers, were lined up at the once picturesque Gadani beach where they are being dismantled bolt by bolt, rivet by rivet, every piece of metal, destined for the furnace.
It was in 2009 when the revival of ship-breaking industry began after a gap of almost a decade. The once empty ship-breaking yards again started to bustle with activity as more than 70 vessels were brought to Gadani from far-flung corners of the world that year.
“The revival of work here provided employment to thousands of labourers,” said Abdul Sattar, vice-chairman of the Pakistan Ship-breaking Association.
However, the momentum of work had dropped by almost 50 per cent with the start of 2010 as cost of ships rose sharply in the international market against the backdrop of a weak rupee, dealers said.
Sattar said that currently 35 ships were being dismantled. Around 6,000 workers were engaged here right now which was almost 50 per cent lower from the highs of up to 12,000 only a few months back, he said.
Around 700,000 to 800,000 ton steel requirement of local re-rolling and re-melting mills was being fulfilled by the ship-breaking industry, Sattar told The News.
More than 95 per cent of the scrap is recycled and reused. Even there are buyers for washbasins, toilets, furniture and other fixtures of an old ship. Antique collectors also rummage through these ships, trying to get hold of those items, which can be sold in the up-scale market, from furniture to cutlery and wall clocks to lanterns.
“Even before a ship touches the shore, all its items are sold in advance,” said Sattar. “You see these sofas, chairs, they have already been sold,” he said pointing his hand towards the furniture placed on the deck of an oil tanker Premvati, which once carried the Indian flag.
The labourers, involved in ship-breaking, enter the ship only after it is cleared out of all its fixtures and furniture.
Clad mostly in soiled and blackened shalwar kamiz, the workers perform even the dangerous jobs, from cutting iron to lifting weights, without any safety gear.
None of them had a helmet or a pair of gloves. Some using high-powered welding cutters were performing their task without goggles.
Most of these workers are being paid daily wages ranging from five to fifteen hundred rupees a day, enough to keep most of them happy.
Mohammad Ilyas, president of the Gadani Ship-Breaking Labour Union, said that in these tough times, these were fair wages.
“These workers are not insured, but in case of an accident, owners give them a decent compensation,” he said. “In case of death, family of a worker is paid three hundred thousand rupees by the owner and another three hundred thousand by the government.”
In case of an injury, all the treatment charges are covered, he said. “A victim continues to draw his wages under the entire duration of treatment.”
Not long ago, Pakistan was on top in the ship-breaking industry, but now it has been overtaken by Bangladesh and India. The strong currencies of India and Bangladesh give them a huge edge against Pakistan where the rupee has declined by more than 35 per cent against the dollar during the last two years.
With the cost of new and old ships rising, there are fears among the people associated with the local ship-breaking industry that Gadani could again lose its present hustle-bustle.
One re-rolling mill owner, who asked not to be named, said that there was already a shortage of ship plates and billets in the market.
In 2009, about 700,000 ton steel requirement of the local re-rolling industry was fulfilled by the ship-breaking industry, he said. “If this source dries up, it will be a huge blow to the re-rolling and re-melting industry.”
However, the presence of ship-breaking industry is seen as a big environmental threat by the locals, who say that the spill of oil and other chemicals remain a huge threat for the coastal marine life and spoiling its once clean sandy beach.