Jango
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Two ways - by devices called Variometers, and by feel.
A vario is just a sensitive vertical velocity indicator. Some of them are audio so you can keep eyes out and locate the lift more safely. When you enter an area of lift, the vario tone changes, and the pitch of the tone goes up as your rate of climb increases.
By feel - you fly along, looking for signs of lift - cumulus clouds forming, hot areas of the earth. If one wing rises on its own, you immediately turn back INTO that rising wing, and seat-of-the-pants feel allows you to center in the thermal. It is a great feeling to be released from the tow at 2,000', and climb in a strong thermal to 10,000' or more. You become a solar-powered machine in the truest sense.
There is another form of lift called mountain wave. As strong winds flow over a mountain range, they create standing waves of powerful lift. Get into a good mountain wave, and you can ride them to 30,000' or more, easily. Better have oxygen and a thermal suit handy.
So, experience is a big factor in it.