Secur
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Pak rapidly developing its nuclear arsenal: Report
- Thread starter Zarvan
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Secur
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I think Pakistan might just start selling them to strengthen their economy.
Send first consignment to Tehran and say " Ohhh Sweetie ! This time have it on me "
Pak_Sher
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Pakistan needs to focus on anti-ship, anti-submarine and anti-aircraft carrier missile. Both land based and air-to-ground. That should take care of any external threats for the short medium and long term.
Babur cruise missile and RAAD are good additions to the Pakistani arsenal, but their numbers and ranges need to be enhanced.
Babur cruise missile and RAAD are good additions to the Pakistani arsenal, but their numbers and ranges need to be enhanced.
Storm Force
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Waste of very limited resources in pakistan since nukes will neva be used ESPECIALLY on another NUCEAR POWER unless you want to be annilated completely
solidstate
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instead of focussing on replication nuclear weapons to overcome indian abm systems, pakistan should concentrate discovering new and efficient ways to enrich uranium. the current cycle is very complex, if pakistan comes up with a new efficient way, that would be one of the greatest contributions in nuclear fuel cycle. i am saying this because no other country is currently pursuing nuclear program as rapid as pakistan. why not focus on r&d?
pakistan is still working on older design nuclear reactors. it still doesnt have enough expertise to build a 1st gen reactor and is taking help from china, while india has mastered and built phwr, bwr, pwr, fbr, pfbr and ahwr indegeneously.
pakistan is still working on older design nuclear reactors. it still doesnt have enough expertise to build a 1st gen reactor and is taking help from china, while india has mastered and built phwr, bwr, pwr, fbr, pfbr and ahwr indegeneously.
The SC
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This is why:
A report by David Albright, published by the Institute for Science and International Security in 2000, estimated that India at end of 1999 had 310 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium, enough for 65 nuclear weapons. He also estimated that India had 4,200 kg of reactor grade plutonium which is enough to build 1,000 nuclear weapons.[11][12] By the end of 2004, he estimates India had 445 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium which is enough for around 85 nuclear weapons considering 5 kg of plutonium required for each weapon.[13]
India and weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As of February 2011, the Federation of American Scientists estimated that India had a stockpile of 80-100 weapons.[14]
Former R&AW official J.K. Sinha, claimed that India is capable of producing 130 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium per year from six "unsafeguarded" reactors not included in the nuclear deal between India and the United States.[15]
A report by David Albright, published by the Institute for Science and International Security in 2000, estimated that India at end of 1999 had 310 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium, enough for 65 nuclear weapons. He also estimated that India had 4,200 kg of reactor grade plutonium which is enough to build 1,000 nuclear weapons.[11][12] By the end of 2004, he estimates India had 445 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium which is enough for around 85 nuclear weapons considering 5 kg of plutonium required for each weapon.[13]
India and weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As of February 2011, the Federation of American Scientists estimated that India had a stockpile of 80-100 weapons.[14]
Former R&AW official J.K. Sinha, claimed that India is capable of producing 130 kilograms of weapon grade plutonium per year from six "unsafeguarded" reactors not included in the nuclear deal between India and the United States.[15]
solidstate
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dw dude u dont really wanna know how many india have. u could be very surprised.
RayKalm
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pakistan
zia mian
Since its nuclear tests in May 1998, Pakistan has been
rapidly developing and expanding its nuclear arsenal.
It is producing highly enriched uranium (HEU)
and plutoniumthe key ingredients for nuclear weapons
and is increasing its capacity to produce plutonium
by building new production reactors. It is also testing
and deploying a diverse array of nuclear-capable
ballistic and cruise missiles, with ranges from 60 km
to 2000 km.
Even though Pakistan is still developing its nuclear
arsenal, there is some modernization taking place.
Pakistan is moving from an arsenal of weapons based
wholly on HEU to greater reliance on lighter and more
compact plutonium-based weapons. The shift to plutonium
based weapons is being made possible by a rapid
expansion in plutonium production capacity, with two
production reactors under construction to add to the
two reactors that are currently operating. Pakistan is
also moving from aircraft-delivered nuclear bombs to
nuclear-armed ballistic and cruise missiles, and from
liquid-fueled to solid-fueled medium range missiles.
Pakistan has received direct assistance from China for
both its nuclear weapons and missile programmes, and
from North Korea for its missile programme.
There is almost no information about the funding of
Pakistans nuclear weapons programme and little useful
information about Pakistans overall military spending.
It is clear, however, that a significant fraction of
Pakistans financial resources go to its nuclear weapons
programme, but that this cost is not a large share of its
overall military spending. Pakistans military spending
is subsidized by large amounts of military aid from the
United States and subsidized arms sales from China.
Pakistan also receives large amounts of international
aid to help it meet basic social and economic development
needs.
Status of Pakistans nuclear forces
Estimates of Pakistans nuclear weapons stockpile
have grown as it continues to produce fissile material
for nuclear weapons and to expand its fissile material
production capacity, especially for plutonium. According
to a secret US cable published by Wikileaks, US officials
suggested in 2008 that Pakistan was producing
nuclear weapons at [a] faster rate than any other country
in the world.1
As of 2011, the US government estimates Pakistans
stockpile to range from 90 to over 110 weapons.2 This
compares to early 2008 US estimates of a Pakistani arsenal
of 70 to 80 weapons, but possibly ranging from 60
to 90 weapons. These government estimates are similar
to those made by independent analysts (see Table 1).3
There is little information on the yields of Pakistans
nuclear weapons. The yields of the six nuclear weapon
tests carried out on 28 and 30 May 1998 are disputed,
with Pakistan claiming explosive yields of tens of kilotons,
while independent seismologists estimate the
total yields were about 10 kt and 5 kt for the tests on 28
May and 30 May respectively.4
There is also little known about Pakistans weapon
designs, although Pakistan is believed to have received
in the early 1980s a first generation Chinese weapon
design that used HEU.5 The nuclear tests in 1998 may
all have used HEU for the solid or hollow shell (known
as a pit) of fissile material that undergoes the explosive
nuclear chain reaction. Today, Pakistan could use
HEU or plutonium pits, or a combination of both in
composite pits. The use of plutonium allows for the
production of lighter and more compact nuclear warheads,
more suitable for use in ballistic and cruise missile
warheads. Pakistan may also have developed more
advanced boosted weapons, which inject tritium gas
into the pit just before it explodes to increase the fraction
of the fissile material that undergoes fission and sosignificantly increase the explosive yield of the nuclear
weapon. Pakistan is not believed to have developed
thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs).
Delivery systems
Pakistan is still in the process of developing a range
of delivery systems for its nuclear weapons. Pakistan
has a number of short-range, medium, and longerrange
road-mobile ballistic surface-to-surface missiles
(SSMs) in various stages of development. It also is moving
from liquid-fueled missiles to solid-fueled missiles.
Pakistan has received assistance from North Korea and
China with its missile programme.
Pakistan Armys Strategic Force Command has
tested both short- and long-range missiles. The Abdali
missile, with a range less than 200 km, is a simple solidfueled
missile that Pakistan began testing in 2002. A
March 2011 test was described as part of the process
of validation and technical improvements for the missile,
which Pakistans Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff Committee described as providing an operational
level capability, additional to the strategic level capability,
which Pakistan already possess.6
In January 2003, the liquid-fueled Ghauri missile
(sometimes called Hatf V) was inducted into the army.
It is believed to be derived from the Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea (DPRK)s No-Dong missile. Work on
the Ghauri missile started in the early 1990s and the
first test was carried out in 1998. Pakistan may have received
assistance from DPRK in developing this missile.
The 750 km-range solid-fueled Shaheen-I was handed
over to the military in March 2003.7 It is believed to
be derived from the Chinese M-11 missile and US officials
have suggested China may have provided Pakistan
with M-11 missile components, 34 intact M-11 missiles,
and blueprints and equipment to build a plant for
making missiles, as well as technical assistance with
further development of this missile.8
Pakistan has developed a second generation of ballistic
missile systems over the past five years. Shaheen-
II is a 2000 km-range solid-fueled missile, first tested
in 2004. In April 2008, the Pakistan Armys Strategic
Force Command carried out a training launch of Shaheen-
II that was reported to have validated the operational
readiness of a strategic missile group equipped
with the Shaheen II missile.9 This suggests that missile
may have entered service.
In 2011, Pakistan carried out the first test of a possible
battlefield nuclear missile, the 60 km-range Nasr
missile, described in an official statement as able to
carry nuclear warheads of appropriate yield and as
consolidating Pakistans deterrence capability at all
levels of the threat spectrum.10
Pakistan is also developing a nuclear-capable
ground-launched cruise missile (Babur) and an airlaunched
cruise missile (Raad) with ranges of about
600 km and 350 km respectively. Pakistan began testing
these missiles in 2005 and 2007 respectively, with
the most recent tests being conducted in 2011.11 The
2005 India-Pakistan Agreement on Pre-Notification
of Flight Testing of Ballistic Missiles commits the two
states to give 72 hours notice before a ballistic missile
flight test and to not test missiles close to their borders.
It does not cover cruise missiles.
Despite frequent media reports, the capabilities of
Pakistans nuclear weapon delivery systems, and the
current status of their technical development and operational
readiness is unclear. Table 2 presents one estimate
by independent analysts.
There is little public information about the storage
and deployment of Pakistans nuclear weapons. It is believed
that missiles are not mated with warheads and
the physics packages (the fissile cores) are not inserted
into the warheads themselves.12 Reports suggest that
while warheads are kept in component form, possibly
by isolating the fissile core or trigger from the weapon
and storing it elsewhere all the components are
stored at military bases.13
The locations of Pakistans nuclear weapons storage
and deployment are not known with great confidence.
Eight possible sites have been suggested (Table 3).
Fissile materials
There is no official information on Pakistans fissile
material production sitesalthough Pakistan and India
each year exchange lists of nuclear facilities as part
of their 1988 Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack
against Nuclear Installations and Facilities.14 These lists
are not made public, however. They may include both
military and civilian nuclear facilities.
zia mian
Since its nuclear tests in May 1998, Pakistan has been
rapidly developing and expanding its nuclear arsenal.
It is producing highly enriched uranium (HEU)
and plutoniumthe key ingredients for nuclear weapons
and is increasing its capacity to produce plutonium
by building new production reactors. It is also testing
and deploying a diverse array of nuclear-capable
ballistic and cruise missiles, with ranges from 60 km
to 2000 km.
Even though Pakistan is still developing its nuclear
arsenal, there is some modernization taking place.
Pakistan is moving from an arsenal of weapons based
wholly on HEU to greater reliance on lighter and more
compact plutonium-based weapons. The shift to plutonium
based weapons is being made possible by a rapid
expansion in plutonium production capacity, with two
production reactors under construction to add to the
two reactors that are currently operating. Pakistan is
also moving from aircraft-delivered nuclear bombs to
nuclear-armed ballistic and cruise missiles, and from
liquid-fueled to solid-fueled medium range missiles.
Pakistan has received direct assistance from China for
both its nuclear weapons and missile programmes, and
from North Korea for its missile programme.
There is almost no information about the funding of
Pakistans nuclear weapons programme and little useful
information about Pakistans overall military spending.
It is clear, however, that a significant fraction of
Pakistans financial resources go to its nuclear weapons
programme, but that this cost is not a large share of its
overall military spending. Pakistans military spending
is subsidized by large amounts of military aid from the
United States and subsidized arms sales from China.
Pakistan also receives large amounts of international
aid to help it meet basic social and economic development
needs.
Status of Pakistans nuclear forces
Estimates of Pakistans nuclear weapons stockpile
have grown as it continues to produce fissile material
for nuclear weapons and to expand its fissile material
production capacity, especially for plutonium. According
to a secret US cable published by Wikileaks, US officials
suggested in 2008 that Pakistan was producing
nuclear weapons at [a] faster rate than any other country
in the world.1
As of 2011, the US government estimates Pakistans
stockpile to range from 90 to over 110 weapons.2 This
compares to early 2008 US estimates of a Pakistani arsenal
of 70 to 80 weapons, but possibly ranging from 60
to 90 weapons. These government estimates are similar
to those made by independent analysts (see Table 1).3
There is little information on the yields of Pakistans
nuclear weapons. The yields of the six nuclear weapon
tests carried out on 28 and 30 May 1998 are disputed,
with Pakistan claiming explosive yields of tens of kilotons,
while independent seismologists estimate the
total yields were about 10 kt and 5 kt for the tests on 28
May and 30 May respectively.4
There is also little known about Pakistans weapon
designs, although Pakistan is believed to have received
in the early 1980s a first generation Chinese weapon
design that used HEU.5 The nuclear tests in 1998 may
all have used HEU for the solid or hollow shell (known
as a pit) of fissile material that undergoes the explosive
nuclear chain reaction. Today, Pakistan could use
HEU or plutonium pits, or a combination of both in
composite pits. The use of plutonium allows for the
production of lighter and more compact nuclear warheads,
more suitable for use in ballistic and cruise missile
warheads. Pakistan may also have developed more
advanced boosted weapons, which inject tritium gas
into the pit just before it explodes to increase the fraction
of the fissile material that undergoes fission and sosignificantly increase the explosive yield of the nuclear
weapon. Pakistan is not believed to have developed
thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs).
Delivery systems
Pakistan is still in the process of developing a range
of delivery systems for its nuclear weapons. Pakistan
has a number of short-range, medium, and longerrange
road-mobile ballistic surface-to-surface missiles
(SSMs) in various stages of development. It also is moving
from liquid-fueled missiles to solid-fueled missiles.
Pakistan has received assistance from North Korea and
China with its missile programme.
Pakistan Armys Strategic Force Command has
tested both short- and long-range missiles. The Abdali
missile, with a range less than 200 km, is a simple solidfueled
missile that Pakistan began testing in 2002. A
March 2011 test was described as part of the process
of validation and technical improvements for the missile,
which Pakistans Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff Committee described as providing an operational
level capability, additional to the strategic level capability,
which Pakistan already possess.6
In January 2003, the liquid-fueled Ghauri missile
(sometimes called Hatf V) was inducted into the army.
It is believed to be derived from the Democratic Peoples
Republic of Korea (DPRK)s No-Dong missile. Work on
the Ghauri missile started in the early 1990s and the
first test was carried out in 1998. Pakistan may have received
assistance from DPRK in developing this missile.
The 750 km-range solid-fueled Shaheen-I was handed
over to the military in March 2003.7 It is believed to
be derived from the Chinese M-11 missile and US officials
have suggested China may have provided Pakistan
with M-11 missile components, 34 intact M-11 missiles,
and blueprints and equipment to build a plant for
making missiles, as well as technical assistance with
further development of this missile.8
Pakistan has developed a second generation of ballistic
missile systems over the past five years. Shaheen-
II is a 2000 km-range solid-fueled missile, first tested
in 2004. In April 2008, the Pakistan Armys Strategic
Force Command carried out a training launch of Shaheen-
II that was reported to have validated the operational
readiness of a strategic missile group equipped
with the Shaheen II missile.9 This suggests that missile
may have entered service.
In 2011, Pakistan carried out the first test of a possible
battlefield nuclear missile, the 60 km-range Nasr
missile, described in an official statement as able to
carry nuclear warheads of appropriate yield and as
consolidating Pakistans deterrence capability at all
levels of the threat spectrum.10
Pakistan is also developing a nuclear-capable
ground-launched cruise missile (Babur) and an airlaunched
cruise missile (Raad) with ranges of about
600 km and 350 km respectively. Pakistan began testing
these missiles in 2005 and 2007 respectively, with
the most recent tests being conducted in 2011.11 The
2005 India-Pakistan Agreement on Pre-Notification
of Flight Testing of Ballistic Missiles commits the two
states to give 72 hours notice before a ballistic missile
flight test and to not test missiles close to their borders.
It does not cover cruise missiles.
Despite frequent media reports, the capabilities of
Pakistans nuclear weapon delivery systems, and the
current status of their technical development and operational
readiness is unclear. Table 2 presents one estimate
by independent analysts.
There is little public information about the storage
and deployment of Pakistans nuclear weapons. It is believed
that missiles are not mated with warheads and
the physics packages (the fissile cores) are not inserted
into the warheads themselves.12 Reports suggest that
while warheads are kept in component form, possibly
by isolating the fissile core or trigger from the weapon
and storing it elsewhere all the components are
stored at military bases.13
The locations of Pakistans nuclear weapons storage
and deployment are not known with great confidence.
Eight possible sites have been suggested (Table 3).
Fissile materials
There is no official information on Pakistans fissile
material production sitesalthough Pakistan and India
each year exchange lists of nuclear facilities as part
of their 1988 Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack
against Nuclear Installations and Facilities.14 These lists
are not made public, however. They may include both
military and civilian nuclear facilities.
genmirajborgza786
PDF VETERAN
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not that much..... india is not a 36/7 lakh sq mi country like U.S OR China its 12 lakhs 38,000 sq mi while pakistan is 3 lakh 39,000 sq mi
so divide 1,238,000 sq mi with 339,000 sq mi, it comes to 3.6 something, that means pakistan has a land mass of like close to 30% of the total size that of india now take an example of france & china both have enough nukes & can easily wipe each other out the face of this planet yet
the size in land mass between the both is 14. something ! which means china is 14 times bigger then france where as india is only 3.6 ( three point six something) times the size of pakistan so if it takes say for example 5 nukes to finish off pakistan then it will take around 17 or 18 nukes to finish off india & we all know that both india & pakistan have enough nukes for that ,so size in this case does not matter's remember the "Mutual Assured Destruction" is all about massive nuclear strikes form both sides its a theory of going down & taking your enemy along with you & pakistan is quiet capable of that ,well whatever one says but the fact of the matter is that after may 28th 1998 south asia has changed
Secur
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Really ? Pretty rich coming from a person who's country's nuclear test merely fizzled
hunter_hunted
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Emmie
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Really but how would you know the quality? K Santhanam is of the opinion that the yield of thermonuclear device was much low than the one claimed!!
i think size of pakistan nuclear arsenal is over exaggerated.i mean every after six months some think-thank form west prints news about pakistan nuclear size.well i think west is planning for pakistan something in future may post 2024 we would know.
and about propsal about selling it ti IRAN isn`t IRAN head (not pm but religious head/highest prist of body) had said having nuclear bomb is highest sin (correct me if wrong). but there is one potential importer
and about propsal about selling it ti IRAN isn`t IRAN head (not pm but religious head/highest prist of body) had said having nuclear bomb is highest sin (correct me if wrong). but there is one potential importer
tvsram1992
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100 nukes are not enough to take out India . Think like 4 towns in each state are targeted . Leave Goa ,Sikkhim... simple logic what you say?Only US/Russia can wipe out India/China and India can wipe out Pakistan but not China .
