5 July 1984
Pakistan's allocates $35 million for PAEC projects, including $10 million for the Chashma nuclear power project, in its budget for the year 1984-85. Pakistan's Planning Minister Mahboob-ul-Haq indicates a lack of progress in the construction of the Chashma nuclear power plant since no major supplier has submitted bids for the project. Other budget allocations include $13 million for a classified re-processing plant, $4.5 million for a nuclear mineral survey, and $1.5 million for an on-going uranium exploration project in Dera Ghazi Khan.
--Shahid0ur-Rehman, "Pakistan's Budget for 1984-85 Provides $35 million," Nucleonics Week, 5 July 1984, Vol. 25, No. 27, Pg. 13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 5 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
11 - 13 July 1984
11 Western suppliers of nuclear technology meet in Luxemburg to strengthen nuclear export control regulations. One of the important issues that forced the group to convene is Pakistan's efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. The Luxemburg meeting represents the first meeting, since 1977, for most of the members of the 15-member of the London Suppliers Club.
--Leslie H. Gelb, "Nuclear Nations Agree to Tighten Export Controls," New York Times, 16 July 1984, Section A, Pg. 1, Col. 1, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 16 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
16 July 1984
A federal grand jury indicts three Pakistani nationals Nazir Ahmed Vaid, Salim Ahmed Mohamedy, and Ilyas Ahmed Mohamedy on charges of providing false statements to US Customs officials, violating US export laws governing munitions, and conspiracy. Mr. Vaid is in custody with a bond amount of $200,000. The other two charged persons are arrested and the bond amount for bail is set at $100,000. US Assistant Attorney Sam Longoria and Defense Attorney William Burge refuse to comment on the case citing a gag order issued by the judge.
--"Pakistanis Accused of Moving Nuke Parts," United Press International, 17 July 1984, Domestic News; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
17 July 1984
Reagan administration officials state that China's assistance to Pakistan's nuclear weapons program is a major road-block in consummating the nuclear cooperation agreement signed between China and the United States during President Reagan's China trip in April. US officials express serious concern over the presence of Chinese officials at the Kahuta enrichment facility and indicate that the situation is being closely observed. US officials believe that China and Pakistan are engaged in a mutual agreement wherein China will assist Pakistan in overcoming the technical hurdles for building uranium enrichment centrifuges and in return China might get access to the advanced centrifuge designs stolen by Pakistan. Other reports also suggest that China transferred a quantity of weapons grade highly enriched uranium (HEU) sufficient for a few nuclear devices. Some US officials, however, express doubts over the report.
--Simon Henderson and Alain Cass, "Washington May Freeze Nuclear Pact with China," Financial Times (London), 17 July 1984, Section 1, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
19 July 1984
Canada convicts 2 Pakistanis of attempting to export US-made equipment to Pakistan without obtaining the required permits. The company Serabit Electronics Ltd. is also convicted. Canada arrested 3 men, Salam Elmenyawi, Mohammad Ahmad, and Abdul Aziz Khan in August 1980 while attempting to illegally export electrical components to Pakistan. Salam Elmenyawi and Mohammad Ahmad are fined $3,000 each on a minor technical charge. The third man, Abdul Aziz Khan, believed to be the prime suspect is acquitted of charges. Abdul Aziz Khan is acquitted after he convinces the Canadian jury over the harmless nature of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan's research work. The evidence produced by the Canadian prosecutors against Abdul Aziz Khan included letters written by Dr. A.Q. Khan inviting Abdul Aziz Khan to work on a project of "national importance", ambiguous letters explaining the progress of research, and letters explaining the problems faced by the research program. Abdul Aziz Khan also claimed ignorance of the article, explaining uranium enrichment, which was seized during his arrest. Abdul Aziz Khan also claimed during the trial that the inverters (confiscated during the time of his arrest) were intended for use in a textile plant and a food processing plant.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; John J. Fialka, "Nuclear Club: Set to Explode? - Nuclear Spread: How Pakistan Secured US Devices in Canada to make Atomic Arms - Despite Proliferation Barriers, Nation will soon have Ability to Produce Bombs - Jitters in India and the West," Wall Street Journal, 26 November 1984, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 July 1984
The Information Minister at Pakistan's Embassy in London denies any Chinese assistance in Pakistan's nuclear program. The Minister reaffirms the peaceful nature of Pakistan's nuclear program and states that such allegations have been denied by both China and Pakistan. The Minister also deplores the criticism of Pakistan's nuclear program and points to the lack of such criticism for the nuclear weapons program of India, Israel, and South Africa.
--"Pakistan's Nuclear Programme," Financial Times (London), 20 July 1984, Section 1, Letters to the Editor, Pg. 13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 July 1984
A Pakistani embassy spokesperson Iqbal Butt indicates that a request has been made to the US State Department to allow a Pakistani official to visit the three Pakistanis indicted in Houston. The spokesperson denies that Mr. Vaid is representing the Pakistani government and states that the Pakistani embassy learnt of the affair only through the newspapers. The spokesperson also states that Pakistan's nuclear program is only geared towards peaceful purposes.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
2 August 1984
According a Pakistani news agency, Pakistan succeeds in enriching graphite to over 99%, enabling its use in a nuclear reactor. The graphite is mined in the Neelam valley in the Pakistani part of Kashmir. Pakistani officials also believe that a graphite processing plant might be built in Pakistan controlled part of Kashmir where 0.5 million tons of good quality graphite is available. The pre-investment study was conducted by Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) and the pilot as well as laboratory studies for graphite purification have been successful completed. Graphite is used as a moderator in natural uranium fueled uranium reactors that can be used for producing plutonium. Pakistani officials did not provide information on the rationale for purifying graphite. Pakistan's sole nuclear reactor is moderated by heavy-water.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman, "Pakistan Reports it is Working on Graphite Purification for Reactor Use," Nucleonics Week, 2 August 1984, Vol. 25, No. 31, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 August 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
2 August 1984
A statement by the Pakistani Embassy in the United States reports that Pakistan's laboratory-scale plutonium reprocessing facility possesses limited capacity and states that it will take several decades for Pakistan to develop even a single nuclear weapon. The statement further states that Pakistan does not possess a team for designing nuclear weapons.
--"Other Reports; Pakistan Reaffirms Peaceful Atomic Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 4 August 1984, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/7713/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 4 August 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
9 August 1984
US State Department officials ask technical experts to examine the recent reports regarding Pakistan's efforts to purify graphite for use in nuclear reactors. A Congressional source indicates that Pakistan's ability to purify graphite will allow it to build a production reactor that can provide Pakistan with an un-safeguarded source of plutonium. The Congressional source also expresses doubts whether Pakistan possesses the technical expertise needed to operate a graphite-moderated nuclear reactor.
Senator Alan Cranston (D-CA) announces his intention to propose a legislation that will require a cut-off in the further sale of F-16 fighter planes to Pakistan unless Pakistan opens its nuclear facilities to IAEA inspections. Sen. Cranston also states that the proposed legislation will also require the US President to certify that Pakistan is not developing nuclear weapons. The Reagan administration indicates that it will oppose the proposed legislation, stating that such legislation will provoke Pakistan to proceed faster in its efforts to develop nuclear weapons.
--Mike Knapik, "US State Department Officials were Apparently Unaware that Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, 9 August 1984, Vol. 25, No. 32, Pg. 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 9 August 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
12 September 1984
US President Ronald Reagan sends a personal letter to Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq warning that Pakistan might lose American military aid if it persists to pursue its nuclear weapons program. The letter warns President Haq not to enrich uranium beyond 5% at the Kahuta enrichment facility. Certain reactors require 5% enriched uranium for operation and nuclear weapons usually require uranium enriched to over 90%. The enrichment level restriction is believed to be a new "marker" for Pakistan to receive American aid. The other markers include: not testing a bomb, not reprocessing plutonium, not assembling a bomb, and not asking other country to test a device on Pakistan's behalf.
--David Ignatius, "US Pressuring Pakistan to Abandon Controversial Nuclear-Arms Program," Wall Street Journal, 25 October 1984, Pg. 37; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; Simon Henderson, "US Warns Pakistan on Enriching Uranium," Financial Times (London), 7 December 1984, Section 1, Overseas News, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
13 September 1984
CIA officials brief members of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on the renewal of tensions between India and Pakistan. According to two members of the Committee, CIA officials informed the Committee that India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was urged earlier this year by some senior aides to attack Pakistan's Kahuta enrichment facility. The Committee's Chairman Senator Barry M. Goldwater (R-AZ) and Vice-Chairman Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) express concern over the possibility of an Indian air raid on Pakistan's Kahuta enrichment facility.
--Philip Taubman, "Worsening India-Pakistan Ties Worry US," New York Times, 15 September 1984, Section 1, Pg. 2, Col. 2, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
15 September 1984
US officials term as alarmist the ABC news report which stated that India's Prime Minister is being urged by her military planners to launch a pre-emptive strike against Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Some officials say that the news report might be based on the CIA briefing provided to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on 13 September.
--Don Oberdorfer, "US sees India-Pakistan Rifts not as Signals of Imminent War," Washington Post, 15 September 1984, First Section, World News, A23; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 September 1984
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq says that Pakistan has taken steps to protect its nuclear facilities from an Indian attack. President Haq states that he is seeking further information on the reports, including the CIA briefing to the US Senate, stating the threat to Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Pakistan's President also rejects the reports as part of CIA's efforts to force Pakistan to provide leasing bases within Pakistan to the United States.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman, "Pakistan has Taken Steps to Protect its Nuclear Installations from Attack," Nucleonics Week, 20 September 1984, Vol. 25, No. 38, Pg. 4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
25 September 1984
In a report to the 28th session of the IAEA, China promises to undertake sufficient measures to ensure that other nations do not use Chinese technology to develop nuclear weapons. The leader of the Chinese delegation Jiang Xinxiong informs the IAEA that 'China will, in exporting its nuclear materials and equipment, request the recipient countries to accept the safeguards in line with the principles established in the agency's statute." China is suspected by the United States of assisting Pakistan's nuclear weapons program.
--"China Opposes Spread of Nuclear Arms," United Press International, 25 September 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
4 October 1984
PAEC Chairman Munir Ahmad Khan states that Pakistan's graphite purification efforts are not related to its nuclear program. Mr. Khan insists that the work is done independently on an experimental level. Mr. Khan says that the graphite purification is not useful for Pakistan's nuclear program since its existing reactor is a heavy-water moderated reactor and its future reactors will be light-water reactors (LWRs). Mr. Khan indicates that no plans are formulated to expand the scale of the graphite purification effort. Mr. Khan also reveals Pakistan's decision to discontinue setting new dates for the submission of bids for the Chashma nuclear power plant project. Mr. Khan indicates that the current plan involves bilateral discussions with the suppliers. According to Dr. Khan, Framatome and Kraftweek Union are being considered for the project.
In his address to the IAEA, Munir Ahmad Khan reports that the KANUPP reactor is operating satisfactorily despite the imposition of embargoes on the plant. According to Dr. Khan, Pakistan managed to manufacture the fuel and necessary spare parts for the power plant. Dr. Khan mentions that the KANUPP facility has achieved the designed maximum burn-up of 7,000-8,000 Mw-Days per metric ton after several days of irradiation.
--Ann MacLachlan, "Pakistan AEC Denies Graphite Purification to Aid Nuclear Program," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 25, No. 40, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 4 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
5 October 1984
A news report in the Pakistani daily Nawa-i-Waqt states that US President Ronald Reagan, in a letter to President Zia ul-Haq, offered to place Pakistan under the US nuclear umbrella if Pakistan renounces its nuclear weapons program.
--"Information: Latin, Caribbean News Agencies End Meeting," IPS-Inter Press Service, 15 October 1984; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; William K. Stevens, "India Worried by US Links to Pakistanis," New York Times, 21 October 1984, Section 1, Part 1, Pg. 7, Col. 1, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; William Claiborne, "US Official Holds Talks in India on Aid Row; Arms Supply to Pakistan at Issue," Washington Post, 23 October 1984, First Section, World News, A20; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 23 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
11 October 1984
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan, without revealing the specifics, states that Pakistan has undertaken "appropriate defensive measures" to protect its nuclear facilities from an Indian attack. Some US sources indicate that some Pakistani nuclear facilities have been moved under-ground as part of its defensive measures.
--Don Oberdorfer, "Pakistan Concerned about Attack on Atomic Plants; Possible Assault by India Regarded as 'Serious Threat,' Foreign Minister says," Washington Post, 12 October 1984, First Section, World News, A28; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
15 October 1984
West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl says that West Germany cannot help Pakistan to develop atomic energy as long as it remains outside the NPT. Chancellor Kohl says "We fully understand Pakistan's goals, but there are a lot of problems. We and our friends in the European Community and in America wish that as many countries as possible would accede to the Nonproliferation Treaty." Chancellor Kohl is on an overnight visit to Pakistan after a 6-day visit to China.
--'Kohl, Zia Confer," Washington Post, 15 October 1984, First Section, World News, Around the World, A12; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
17 October 1984
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq says that West Germany has provided training for Pakistan's nuclear reactor workers and has agreed to consider providing financial aid for the construction of the Chashma nuclear power plant. President Haq mentions that Pakistan sought West German assistance during Chancellor Kohl's visit to Pakistan. According to President Haq, Chancellor Kohl wanted certain clarifications on Pakistan's nuclear program and promised to consider Pakistan's request for further cooperation in the $1.6 billion Chashma nuclear power plant project. West Germany does not respond on Pakistan's claim that West Germany provided training to Pakistani nuclear reactor workers.
--United Press International, 17 October 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
19 October 1984
Retired Lt. Gen Faiz Ali Chishti claims that Pakistan possesses the capability to develop a nuclear weapon but lacks the technology to deliver the weapon. Lt. Gen Chishti states "what is required is ... a delivery system." The retired Pakistani Army General is believed to have assisted in obtaining nuclear techniques and security for Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Lt. Gen Chishti retired from the army in 1981.
--"Says Pakistan can male A-Bomb, but can't Drop it," United Press International, 19 October 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 19 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
23 October 1984
US Assistant Secretary of State Richard Murphy says that the United States is convinced that India will not attack Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Mr. Murphy also denies that the United States offered to place Pakistan under its nuclear umbrella in return for Pakistan's renunciation of its nuclear weapons program.
--"Other Reports; USA Denies Offer of "nuclear umbrella" to Pakistan," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 25 October 1984, Part 3. The Far East; A. International Affairs, a. General and Western Affairs, FE/7783/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
25 October 1984
US State Department officials state that Pakistan is continuing its uranium enrichment effort and other efforts to purchase nuclear equipment despite recent warnings delivered by US Assistant Secretary of State Richard Murphy. Mr. Murphy is believed to have delivered the message that continuation of the nuclear program "in certain areas" will endanger the security relationship between Pakistan and the United States.
--"United States: Defends Military Support for Pakistan," IPS-Inter Press Service, 25 October 1984; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; David Ignatius, "US Pressuring Pakistan to Abandon Controversial Nuclear-Arms Program," Wall Street Journal, 25 October 1984, Pg. 37; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
27-28 October 1984
A Congressional Research Service (CRS) report states that several countries are acquiring capabilities that might be used to develop nuclear weapons. The CRS report examines 23 countries of which 5 are identified with posing the greatest "proliferation threat." The 5 countries are Pakistan, India, Israel, South Africa, and Argentina. The report titled "An Assessment of the Proliferation Threat Today and Tomorrow" is prepared by Warren Donnelly for Senator William Proxmire (D-Wisconsin).
--Brad Knickerbocker, "Worldwide Concern Sharpens on Issue of Nuclear Proliferation," Christian Science Monitor, 31 October 1984, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 31 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; "Proliferation Dangers Cited in Two Publications," Nuclear News, Safeguards, Reports, Pg. 95; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
November 1984
Nazir Ahmed Vaid, a Pakistani arrested while attempting to export krytrons to Pakistan, pleads guilty to charges of attempting to illegally export 50 high-speed switches (krytrons) to Pakistan. US intelligence sources indicate that Pakistan also attempted to acquire precision-based explosives that are part of the triggering mechanism in a nuclear weapon.
--John J. Fialka, "Nuclear Club: Set to Explode? - Nuclear Spread: How Pakistan Secured US Devices in Canada to make Atomic Arms - Despite Proliferation Barriers, Nation will soon have Ability to Produce Bombs - Jitters in India and the West," Wall Street Journal, 26 November 1984, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
8 November 1984
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq restates his proposal for mutual inspections of nuclear facilities between India and Pakistan. President Haq states that he had made the proposal 3 years ago and did not receive any response from India. President Haq states that "Pakistan and India should forget the rest of the world and appoint a joint commission to inspect each other's nuclear facilities." President Haq made the offer in New Delhi during his trip to attend the cremation ceremony of India's former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman Khan, "Pakistan's President General Zia-ul-Haq has Reiterated his Offer to India," Nucleonics Week, 8 November 1984, Vol. 25, No. 45, Pg. 9; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 8 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
16 November 1984
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Yaqub Ali Khan presents President Zia ul-Haq's reply to President Reagan during a meeting at the White House. President Reagan wrote a letter in September warning President Haq against continuing Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. President Haq, in his reply, provides assurances that Pakistan will not enrich uranium beyond 5% as requested by President Reagan.
-- Simon Henderson, "US Warns Pakistan on Enriching Uranium," Financial Times (London), 7 December 1984, Section 1, Overseas News, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
18 November 1984
The Soviet Ambassador to Pakistan Vitaly Simirnov announces that the Soviet Union will not participate in the Chashma nuclear power plant project. Mr. Simirnov does not specify the exact reasons for the rejection of nuclear assistance but alludes to Pakistan's alleged intervention in Afghanistan, anti-Soviet propaganda, and deteriorating relations between Pakistan and the Soviet Union.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman Khan, "Soviets say they will not Supply Pakistan with Nuclear Reactor," Nucleonics Week, 22 November 1984, Vol. 25, No. 47, Pg. 11; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
29 November 1984
Four US Senators - Senator Sam Nunn (D-GA), Senator John Glenn (D-OH), Senator James Sasses (D-TN), and Senator J. Bennett (D-LO) - urge Pakistan to sign the NPT. Sen. Nunn also states that the United States will not provide any aid for the Chashma nuclear power plant project.
--"US Senators Urge Pakistan-India Cooperation," United Press International, 29 November 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 29 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
30 November 1980
A report prepared for the Pentagon Nuclear Agency concludes that Pakistan could make at least 24 nuclear weapons by 1990. The report further states that Pakistan possesses 54 planes that can be configured for nuclear delivery. The report is prepared by Rodney W. Jones of Georgetown's University's Center for Strategic and International Studies.
--Carl Hartman, "Report says Israel may have Extensive Nuclear capability," Associated Press, 30 November 1984, Washington Dateline; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
6 December 1984
The Spanish architect-engineering firm Sener SA is expected to extend its contract with PAEC for another 2 years. The head of the firm's Power Department Mr. Francisco Albisu says that the firm is currently doing a "few tasks" in Pakistan, and Spanish engineers visit Chashma occasionally to brief local companies on the project. The firm recently prepared an environmental report for the project. Mr. Albisu states that all Sener engineers left Pakistan in later 1983 since no bids were submitted for the Chashma nuclear project. Sener was originally contracted to prepare specifications for the bidding procedure for the planned Chashma nuclear power plant.
The Spanish government denies reports that a Spanish firm is negotiating the sale of uranium hexa-fluoride (UF6) shipment casks to Pakistan. A spokesperson for the Department of Nuclear Energy at the Industry Ministry says that such a transfer would require an authorization permit from the government and no request has been made by any firm for such a permit.
--Susan Roberts, "Sener Extending Architect-Engineering Contract with Pakistan's AEC," Nucleonics Week, 6 December 1984, Vol. 25, No. 49, Pg. 9; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 6 December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Pakistan's allocates $35 million for PAEC projects, including $10 million for the Chashma nuclear power project, in its budget for the year 1984-85. Pakistan's Planning Minister Mahboob-ul-Haq indicates a lack of progress in the construction of the Chashma nuclear power plant since no major supplier has submitted bids for the project. Other budget allocations include $13 million for a classified re-processing plant, $4.5 million for a nuclear mineral survey, and $1.5 million for an on-going uranium exploration project in Dera Ghazi Khan.
--Shahid0ur-Rehman, "Pakistan's Budget for 1984-85 Provides $35 million," Nucleonics Week, 5 July 1984, Vol. 25, No. 27, Pg. 13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 5 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
11 - 13 July 1984
11 Western suppliers of nuclear technology meet in Luxemburg to strengthen nuclear export control regulations. One of the important issues that forced the group to convene is Pakistan's efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. The Luxemburg meeting represents the first meeting, since 1977, for most of the members of the 15-member of the London Suppliers Club.
--Leslie H. Gelb, "Nuclear Nations Agree to Tighten Export Controls," New York Times, 16 July 1984, Section A, Pg. 1, Col. 1, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 16 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
16 July 1984
A federal grand jury indicts three Pakistani nationals Nazir Ahmed Vaid, Salim Ahmed Mohamedy, and Ilyas Ahmed Mohamedy on charges of providing false statements to US Customs officials, violating US export laws governing munitions, and conspiracy. Mr. Vaid is in custody with a bond amount of $200,000. The other two charged persons are arrested and the bond amount for bail is set at $100,000. US Assistant Attorney Sam Longoria and Defense Attorney William Burge refuse to comment on the case citing a gag order issued by the judge.
--"Pakistanis Accused of Moving Nuke Parts," United Press International, 17 July 1984, Domestic News; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
17 July 1984
Reagan administration officials state that China's assistance to Pakistan's nuclear weapons program is a major road-block in consummating the nuclear cooperation agreement signed between China and the United States during President Reagan's China trip in April. US officials express serious concern over the presence of Chinese officials at the Kahuta enrichment facility and indicate that the situation is being closely observed. US officials believe that China and Pakistan are engaged in a mutual agreement wherein China will assist Pakistan in overcoming the technical hurdles for building uranium enrichment centrifuges and in return China might get access to the advanced centrifuge designs stolen by Pakistan. Other reports also suggest that China transferred a quantity of weapons grade highly enriched uranium (HEU) sufficient for a few nuclear devices. Some US officials, however, express doubts over the report.
--Simon Henderson and Alain Cass, "Washington May Freeze Nuclear Pact with China," Financial Times (London), 17 July 1984, Section 1, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
19 July 1984
Canada convicts 2 Pakistanis of attempting to export US-made equipment to Pakistan without obtaining the required permits. The company Serabit Electronics Ltd. is also convicted. Canada arrested 3 men, Salam Elmenyawi, Mohammad Ahmad, and Abdul Aziz Khan in August 1980 while attempting to illegally export electrical components to Pakistan. Salam Elmenyawi and Mohammad Ahmad are fined $3,000 each on a minor technical charge. The third man, Abdul Aziz Khan, believed to be the prime suspect is acquitted of charges. Abdul Aziz Khan is acquitted after he convinces the Canadian jury over the harmless nature of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan's research work. The evidence produced by the Canadian prosecutors against Abdul Aziz Khan included letters written by Dr. A.Q. Khan inviting Abdul Aziz Khan to work on a project of "national importance", ambiguous letters explaining the progress of research, and letters explaining the problems faced by the research program. Abdul Aziz Khan also claimed ignorance of the article, explaining uranium enrichment, which was seized during his arrest. Abdul Aziz Khan also claimed during the trial that the inverters (confiscated during the time of his arrest) were intended for use in a textile plant and a food processing plant.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; John J. Fialka, "Nuclear Club: Set to Explode? - Nuclear Spread: How Pakistan Secured US Devices in Canada to make Atomic Arms - Despite Proliferation Barriers, Nation will soon have Ability to Produce Bombs - Jitters in India and the West," Wall Street Journal, 26 November 1984, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 July 1984
The Information Minister at Pakistan's Embassy in London denies any Chinese assistance in Pakistan's nuclear program. The Minister reaffirms the peaceful nature of Pakistan's nuclear program and states that such allegations have been denied by both China and Pakistan. The Minister also deplores the criticism of Pakistan's nuclear program and points to the lack of such criticism for the nuclear weapons program of India, Israel, and South Africa.
--"Pakistan's Nuclear Programme," Financial Times (London), 20 July 1984, Section 1, Letters to the Editor, Pg. 13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 July 1984
A Pakistani embassy spokesperson Iqbal Butt indicates that a request has been made to the US State Department to allow a Pakistani official to visit the three Pakistanis indicted in Houston. The spokesperson denies that Mr. Vaid is representing the Pakistani government and states that the Pakistani embassy learnt of the affair only through the newspapers. The spokesperson also states that Pakistan's nuclear program is only geared towards peaceful purposes.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
2 August 1984
According a Pakistani news agency, Pakistan succeeds in enriching graphite to over 99%, enabling its use in a nuclear reactor. The graphite is mined in the Neelam valley in the Pakistani part of Kashmir. Pakistani officials also believe that a graphite processing plant might be built in Pakistan controlled part of Kashmir where 0.5 million tons of good quality graphite is available. The pre-investment study was conducted by Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) and the pilot as well as laboratory studies for graphite purification have been successful completed. Graphite is used as a moderator in natural uranium fueled uranium reactors that can be used for producing plutonium. Pakistani officials did not provide information on the rationale for purifying graphite. Pakistan's sole nuclear reactor is moderated by heavy-water.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman, "Pakistan Reports it is Working on Graphite Purification for Reactor Use," Nucleonics Week, 2 August 1984, Vol. 25, No. 31, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 August 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
2 August 1984
A statement by the Pakistani Embassy in the United States reports that Pakistan's laboratory-scale plutonium reprocessing facility possesses limited capacity and states that it will take several decades for Pakistan to develop even a single nuclear weapon. The statement further states that Pakistan does not possess a team for designing nuclear weapons.
--"Other Reports; Pakistan Reaffirms Peaceful Atomic Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 4 August 1984, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/7713/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 4 August 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
9 August 1984
US State Department officials ask technical experts to examine the recent reports regarding Pakistan's efforts to purify graphite for use in nuclear reactors. A Congressional source indicates that Pakistan's ability to purify graphite will allow it to build a production reactor that can provide Pakistan with an un-safeguarded source of plutonium. The Congressional source also expresses doubts whether Pakistan possesses the technical expertise needed to operate a graphite-moderated nuclear reactor.
Senator Alan Cranston (D-CA) announces his intention to propose a legislation that will require a cut-off in the further sale of F-16 fighter planes to Pakistan unless Pakistan opens its nuclear facilities to IAEA inspections. Sen. Cranston also states that the proposed legislation will also require the US President to certify that Pakistan is not developing nuclear weapons. The Reagan administration indicates that it will oppose the proposed legislation, stating that such legislation will provoke Pakistan to proceed faster in its efforts to develop nuclear weapons.
--Mike Knapik, "US State Department Officials were Apparently Unaware that Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, 9 August 1984, Vol. 25, No. 32, Pg. 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 9 August 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
12 September 1984
US President Ronald Reagan sends a personal letter to Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq warning that Pakistan might lose American military aid if it persists to pursue its nuclear weapons program. The letter warns President Haq not to enrich uranium beyond 5% at the Kahuta enrichment facility. Certain reactors require 5% enriched uranium for operation and nuclear weapons usually require uranium enriched to over 90%. The enrichment level restriction is believed to be a new "marker" for Pakistan to receive American aid. The other markers include: not testing a bomb, not reprocessing plutonium, not assembling a bomb, and not asking other country to test a device on Pakistan's behalf.
--David Ignatius, "US Pressuring Pakistan to Abandon Controversial Nuclear-Arms Program," Wall Street Journal, 25 October 1984, Pg. 37; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; Simon Henderson, "US Warns Pakistan on Enriching Uranium," Financial Times (London), 7 December 1984, Section 1, Overseas News, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
13 September 1984
CIA officials brief members of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on the renewal of tensions between India and Pakistan. According to two members of the Committee, CIA officials informed the Committee that India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was urged earlier this year by some senior aides to attack Pakistan's Kahuta enrichment facility. The Committee's Chairman Senator Barry M. Goldwater (R-AZ) and Vice-Chairman Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) express concern over the possibility of an Indian air raid on Pakistan's Kahuta enrichment facility.
--Philip Taubman, "Worsening India-Pakistan Ties Worry US," New York Times, 15 September 1984, Section 1, Pg. 2, Col. 2, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
15 September 1984
US officials term as alarmist the ABC news report which stated that India's Prime Minister is being urged by her military planners to launch a pre-emptive strike against Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Some officials say that the news report might be based on the CIA briefing provided to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on 13 September.
--Don Oberdorfer, "US sees India-Pakistan Rifts not as Signals of Imminent War," Washington Post, 15 September 1984, First Section, World News, A23; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 September 1984
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq says that Pakistan has taken steps to protect its nuclear facilities from an Indian attack. President Haq states that he is seeking further information on the reports, including the CIA briefing to the US Senate, stating the threat to Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Pakistan's President also rejects the reports as part of CIA's efforts to force Pakistan to provide leasing bases within Pakistan to the United States.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman, "Pakistan has Taken Steps to Protect its Nuclear Installations from Attack," Nucleonics Week, 20 September 1984, Vol. 25, No. 38, Pg. 4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
25 September 1984
In a report to the 28th session of the IAEA, China promises to undertake sufficient measures to ensure that other nations do not use Chinese technology to develop nuclear weapons. The leader of the Chinese delegation Jiang Xinxiong informs the IAEA that 'China will, in exporting its nuclear materials and equipment, request the recipient countries to accept the safeguards in line with the principles established in the agency's statute." China is suspected by the United States of assisting Pakistan's nuclear weapons program.
--"China Opposes Spread of Nuclear Arms," United Press International, 25 September 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 September 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
4 October 1984
PAEC Chairman Munir Ahmad Khan states that Pakistan's graphite purification efforts are not related to its nuclear program. Mr. Khan insists that the work is done independently on an experimental level. Mr. Khan says that the graphite purification is not useful for Pakistan's nuclear program since its existing reactor is a heavy-water moderated reactor and its future reactors will be light-water reactors (LWRs). Mr. Khan indicates that no plans are formulated to expand the scale of the graphite purification effort. Mr. Khan also reveals Pakistan's decision to discontinue setting new dates for the submission of bids for the Chashma nuclear power plant project. Mr. Khan indicates that the current plan involves bilateral discussions with the suppliers. According to Dr. Khan, Framatome and Kraftweek Union are being considered for the project.
In his address to the IAEA, Munir Ahmad Khan reports that the KANUPP reactor is operating satisfactorily despite the imposition of embargoes on the plant. According to Dr. Khan, Pakistan managed to manufacture the fuel and necessary spare parts for the power plant. Dr. Khan mentions that the KANUPP facility has achieved the designed maximum burn-up of 7,000-8,000 Mw-Days per metric ton after several days of irradiation.
--Ann MacLachlan, "Pakistan AEC Denies Graphite Purification to Aid Nuclear Program," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 25, No. 40, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 4 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
5 October 1984
A news report in the Pakistani daily Nawa-i-Waqt states that US President Ronald Reagan, in a letter to President Zia ul-Haq, offered to place Pakistan under the US nuclear umbrella if Pakistan renounces its nuclear weapons program.
--"Information: Latin, Caribbean News Agencies End Meeting," IPS-Inter Press Service, 15 October 1984; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; William K. Stevens, "India Worried by US Links to Pakistanis," New York Times, 21 October 1984, Section 1, Part 1, Pg. 7, Col. 1, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; William Claiborne, "US Official Holds Talks in India on Aid Row; Arms Supply to Pakistan at Issue," Washington Post, 23 October 1984, First Section, World News, A20; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 23 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
11 October 1984
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan, without revealing the specifics, states that Pakistan has undertaken "appropriate defensive measures" to protect its nuclear facilities from an Indian attack. Some US sources indicate that some Pakistani nuclear facilities have been moved under-ground as part of its defensive measures.
--Don Oberdorfer, "Pakistan Concerned about Attack on Atomic Plants; Possible Assault by India Regarded as 'Serious Threat,' Foreign Minister says," Washington Post, 12 October 1984, First Section, World News, A28; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
15 October 1984
West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl says that West Germany cannot help Pakistan to develop atomic energy as long as it remains outside the NPT. Chancellor Kohl says "We fully understand Pakistan's goals, but there are a lot of problems. We and our friends in the European Community and in America wish that as many countries as possible would accede to the Nonproliferation Treaty." Chancellor Kohl is on an overnight visit to Pakistan after a 6-day visit to China.
--'Kohl, Zia Confer," Washington Post, 15 October 1984, First Section, World News, Around the World, A12; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
17 October 1984
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq says that West Germany has provided training for Pakistan's nuclear reactor workers and has agreed to consider providing financial aid for the construction of the Chashma nuclear power plant. President Haq mentions that Pakistan sought West German assistance during Chancellor Kohl's visit to Pakistan. According to President Haq, Chancellor Kohl wanted certain clarifications on Pakistan's nuclear program and promised to consider Pakistan's request for further cooperation in the $1.6 billion Chashma nuclear power plant project. West Germany does not respond on Pakistan's claim that West Germany provided training to Pakistani nuclear reactor workers.
--United Press International, 17 October 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
19 October 1984
Retired Lt. Gen Faiz Ali Chishti claims that Pakistan possesses the capability to develop a nuclear weapon but lacks the technology to deliver the weapon. Lt. Gen Chishti states "what is required is ... a delivery system." The retired Pakistani Army General is believed to have assisted in obtaining nuclear techniques and security for Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Lt. Gen Chishti retired from the army in 1981.
--"Says Pakistan can male A-Bomb, but can't Drop it," United Press International, 19 October 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 19 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
23 October 1984
US Assistant Secretary of State Richard Murphy says that the United States is convinced that India will not attack Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Mr. Murphy also denies that the United States offered to place Pakistan under its nuclear umbrella in return for Pakistan's renunciation of its nuclear weapons program.
--"Other Reports; USA Denies Offer of "nuclear umbrella" to Pakistan," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 25 October 1984, Part 3. The Far East; A. International Affairs, a. General and Western Affairs, FE/7783/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
25 October 1984
US State Department officials state that Pakistan is continuing its uranium enrichment effort and other efforts to purchase nuclear equipment despite recent warnings delivered by US Assistant Secretary of State Richard Murphy. Mr. Murphy is believed to have delivered the message that continuation of the nuclear program "in certain areas" will endanger the security relationship between Pakistan and the United States.
--"United States: Defends Military Support for Pakistan," IPS-Inter Press Service, 25 October 1984; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; David Ignatius, "US Pressuring Pakistan to Abandon Controversial Nuclear-Arms Program," Wall Street Journal, 25 October 1984, Pg. 37; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 October 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
27-28 October 1984
A Congressional Research Service (CRS) report states that several countries are acquiring capabilities that might be used to develop nuclear weapons. The CRS report examines 23 countries of which 5 are identified with posing the greatest "proliferation threat." The 5 countries are Pakistan, India, Israel, South Africa, and Argentina. The report titled "An Assessment of the Proliferation Threat Today and Tomorrow" is prepared by Warren Donnelly for Senator William Proxmire (D-Wisconsin).
--Brad Knickerbocker, "Worldwide Concern Sharpens on Issue of Nuclear Proliferation," Christian Science Monitor, 31 October 1984, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 31 October 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; "Proliferation Dangers Cited in Two Publications," Nuclear News, Safeguards, Reports, Pg. 95; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
November 1984
Nazir Ahmed Vaid, a Pakistani arrested while attempting to export krytrons to Pakistan, pleads guilty to charges of attempting to illegally export 50 high-speed switches (krytrons) to Pakistan. US intelligence sources indicate that Pakistan also attempted to acquire precision-based explosives that are part of the triggering mechanism in a nuclear weapon.
--John J. Fialka, "Nuclear Club: Set to Explode? - Nuclear Spread: How Pakistan Secured US Devices in Canada to make Atomic Arms - Despite Proliferation Barriers, Nation will soon have Ability to Produce Bombs - Jitters in India and the West," Wall Street Journal, 26 November 1984, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
8 November 1984
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq restates his proposal for mutual inspections of nuclear facilities between India and Pakistan. President Haq states that he had made the proposal 3 years ago and did not receive any response from India. President Haq states that "Pakistan and India should forget the rest of the world and appoint a joint commission to inspect each other's nuclear facilities." President Haq made the offer in New Delhi during his trip to attend the cremation ceremony of India's former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman Khan, "Pakistan's President General Zia-ul-Haq has Reiterated his Offer to India," Nucleonics Week, 8 November 1984, Vol. 25, No. 45, Pg. 9; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 8 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
16 November 1984
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Yaqub Ali Khan presents President Zia ul-Haq's reply to President Reagan during a meeting at the White House. President Reagan wrote a letter in September warning President Haq against continuing Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. President Haq, in his reply, provides assurances that Pakistan will not enrich uranium beyond 5% as requested by President Reagan.
-- Simon Henderson, "US Warns Pakistan on Enriching Uranium," Financial Times (London), 7 December 1984, Section 1, Overseas News, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
18 November 1984
The Soviet Ambassador to Pakistan Vitaly Simirnov announces that the Soviet Union will not participate in the Chashma nuclear power plant project. Mr. Simirnov does not specify the exact reasons for the rejection of nuclear assistance but alludes to Pakistan's alleged intervention in Afghanistan, anti-Soviet propaganda, and deteriorating relations between Pakistan and the Soviet Union.
--Shahid-ur-Rehman Khan, "Soviets say they will not Supply Pakistan with Nuclear Reactor," Nucleonics Week, 22 November 1984, Vol. 25, No. 47, Pg. 11; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
29 November 1984
Four US Senators - Senator Sam Nunn (D-GA), Senator John Glenn (D-OH), Senator James Sasses (D-TN), and Senator J. Bennett (D-LO) - urge Pakistan to sign the NPT. Sen. Nunn also states that the United States will not provide any aid for the Chashma nuclear power plant project.
--"US Senators Urge Pakistan-India Cooperation," United Press International, 29 November 1984, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 29 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
30 November 1980
A report prepared for the Pentagon Nuclear Agency concludes that Pakistan could make at least 24 nuclear weapons by 1990. The report further states that Pakistan possesses 54 planes that can be configured for nuclear delivery. The report is prepared by Rodney W. Jones of Georgetown's University's Center for Strategic and International Studies.
--Carl Hartman, "Report says Israel may have Extensive Nuclear capability," Associated Press, 30 November 1984, Washington Dateline; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 November 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
6 December 1984
The Spanish architect-engineering firm Sener SA is expected to extend its contract with PAEC for another 2 years. The head of the firm's Power Department Mr. Francisco Albisu says that the firm is currently doing a "few tasks" in Pakistan, and Spanish engineers visit Chashma occasionally to brief local companies on the project. The firm recently prepared an environmental report for the project. Mr. Albisu states that all Sener engineers left Pakistan in later 1983 since no bids were submitted for the Chashma nuclear project. Sener was originally contracted to prepare specifications for the bidding procedure for the planned Chashma nuclear power plant.
The Spanish government denies reports that a Spanish firm is negotiating the sale of uranium hexa-fluoride (UF6) shipment casks to Pakistan. A spokesperson for the Department of Nuclear Energy at the Industry Ministry says that such a transfer would require an authorization permit from the government and no request has been made by any firm for such a permit.
--Susan Roberts, "Sener Extending Architect-Engineering Contract with Pakistan's AEC," Nucleonics Week, 6 December 1984, Vol. 25, No. 49, Pg. 9; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 6 December 1984, Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
