Asia’s Next Booming Economy
By William Pesek Jul 6, 2012 2:00 AM GMT+0500
Myanmar’s conversion to democracy is breathing new life into a project with a terminally boring name: Greater Mekong Subregion.
This name was bestowed on an
investment bloc that the Asian Development Bank put together in 1992. It was made up of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and China’s Yunnan Province. Talk about odd bedfellows. It mixes constitutional monarchies, immature multiparty democracies, communist states and military regimes suddenly mulling elections with one thing in common -- a waterway that’s central to the livelihood of 330 million people.
The potential of the resource-rich Mekong River region has long intrigued Asia-philes. If only this area got its act together, trade might flourish and markets in this next frontier of the Asian growth story could take off. Myanmar’s opening makes this possible for the first time.
Myanmar’s reforms don’t ensure success, though. That requires overcoming three big challenges: cordial relations with and among its neighbors, weathering the next global crisis and navigating the region’s role as a proxy for U.S. and Chinese designs on Asia.
In December, about the time Secretary of State Hillary Clinton became the highest-ranking U.S. official to visit Myanmar in a half century, Mekong leaders endorsed a 10-year plan: tighter integration, more open trade and market-oriented financial policies, better use of natural resources, improved infrastructure, increased tourism, and poverty reduction.
Competitive Advantages
“The idea is that in order to flourish together, we must work together,” says Neav Chanthana, the deputy governor of the National Bank of Cambodia.
Adds Chartsiri Sophonpanich, the president of Bangkok Bank Pcl: “What makes this workable is that different countries in our region really do offer complementary competitive advantages.” Thailand has banking expertise and sophisticated markets; Myanmar has substantial stores of petroleum, natural gas and copper; Laos has considerable hydropower know-how; Vietnam and Cambodia boast young and growing populations; Yunnan Province offers labor and a pathway to the world’s fastest- growing major economy.
Yet Asia’s history with co-ordination is spotty. Japan and South Korea can’t put aside anger over World War II long enough to share intelligence on North Korea’s Kim Jong Un. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asean, engages in meaningless summits and proved out of its depth when global markets crashed in 2008.
One enduring feature is distrust. Asean’s 10 members covet sovereignty more than the European Union and have vastly different takes on financial openness, press freedom and human rights. Co-operation is often in short supply as one nation undercuts another for short-term gain. Bilateral trade agreements have proven easier to negotiate than regional ones.
“If people are already looking at Asean integration with caution, they will take the Mekong subregion with even more skepticism,” says Tai Hui, Singapore-based head of Southeast Asian research at Standard Chartered Plc.
Europe’s debt crisis will test Asia as rarely before. The good news, says Xaypaseuth Phomsoupha, general director of Laos’s Ministry of Energy and Mines, is that the Mekong region is “more insulated” from global turmoil. “The bad news,” he says, “is that more trouble overseas will leave less money for development projects at home.”
How Asia copes with Europe’s coming meltdown will say much about its ability to increase growth, create jobs and raise living standards. That goes, too, for China’s ability to play the role of growth engine. Yet China is a controversial player in the Mekong region.
Seething Friends
Even as governments woo Asia’s biggest economy, they seethe over the huge Chinese dam projects that are reducing flows downstream. These have led to water shortages, depletion of soil nutrients, reduced food production and trouble for fisheries and ecosystems.
Another flashpoint is the South China Sea. The drilling plans of China National Offshore Oil Corp. have enraged the Vietnamese. China has repeatedly shown a willingness to provoke conflicts in disputed waters, as it has with the Philippines and Japan. If one of these spins out of control it would cost China dearly by driving Asian governments to seek more support from Washington.
For Clinton and President Barack Obama, the Mekong region is a microcosm of China-U.S. relations. Obama’s so-called pivot to Asia has unnerved officials in Beijing, who almost see the Mekong region as their birthright. Access to natural resources is almost secondary. The bigger issue is who holds sway over Asia a decade from now.
The creative tension emanating from U.S. and Chinese engagement has its benefits. As both jockey for advantage, the Mekong nations can play one off against the other and seek investment, security assurances and free-trade agreements. Yet there’s ample scope for things to go awry.
For all the challenges, Myanmar’s rebirth is a fresh start for the Mekong region. The process won’t be smooth and it won’t necessarily go as planned. But when a promising economic area with an American-size population joins hands, the potential can only grow.
(William Pesek is a Bloomberg View columnist. The opinions expressed are his own.)
To contact the writer of this article: William Pesek in Bangkok at
wpesek@bloomberg.net
Meet the Best ASEAN Economy in 2012: Booming Laos, Powered by Liberalization and the Informal Economy
Which has been ASEAN’s best performing economy in 2012?
prudent investor newsletters: Meet the Best ASEAN Economy in 2012: Booming Laos, Powered by Liberalization and the Informal Economy
Well it’s not what the politically blinded domestic media and politicians think...
Instead Laos gets the credit, according to the Wall Street Journal, (bold mine)
To be sure, 8.3% growth isn’t exactly going to set investors’ hearts aflutter given that landlocked Laos has Southeast Asia’s smallest economy, and the opportunities for making money there are limited. Road and rail links are limited and the lack of a skilled labor makes Laos a tough bet for large manufacturing operations.
But this year’s strong performance underscores the longer-term trend in a country that has consistently been one of Asia’s outperformers, including average growth of 7% a year over the past decade. Although nominally a Communist nation, Laos has liberalized its economy since the 1980s, and income levels have been rising.
Much of the country’s growth these days is coming from mining, hydroelectric power and construction, all of which are relatively insulated from the turmoil in Europe and the related drop in export activity that has hurt some other Southeast Asian nations. Some economists fear Laos may be over-reliant on those sectors, despite their resilience this year.
But Laos is expected to be accepted into the World Trade Organization on Friday, and over time that should help it attract more diverse drivers for the economy, including more of the manufacturing that has transformed other Southeast Asian nations. Leaders are especially hopeful Laos can lure some of the garment-factory investment that has helped create tens of thousands of jobs in nearby Cambodia.
Either way, Laos is already seeing the impact of all the recent growth, with conspicuous consumption noticeably on the increase. Shiny new Cadillacs and Mercedes Benz cars – and even at least one Ferrari – are spotted on Vientiane’s streets. Sushi restaurants, boutique hotels and wine bars are proliferating.
A. Barend Frielink, deputy country director for the Asian Development Bank in Vientiane, says he almost ran into a Bentley in town recently.
“There is suddenly a lot of cash” in Laos, he said—so much so that economists don’t have a fully satisfactory explanation for all the spending. Partly it’s because Vientiane has undergone such a construction boom in recent years, with major projects to build new hotels and upgrade roads. Analysts have also pointed to gains from illicit drug trading and logging, though the economy has also earned a lot from its more legitimate sources of growth, including mining, that have helped spawn a larger consumer class.
Some important insights:
Geographical quirks such as being “landlocked” serves not as an obstacle to wealth generation brought about by voluntary trade or economic freedom.
Laos’ outperformance has principally been driven by policies of liberalization and the informal economy.
GDP per capita (US dollar) has been exploding since Laos 1980s when she began liberalization, chart from Tradingeconomics.com
And as consequence to liberalization policies and the prospective inclusion to the World Trade Organization (WTO), economic growth which essentially emanated from very small base should translate to further leaps in output expansion.
In addition, the Stock Exchange in Laos or the Lao Security Exchange (LSX) which began operations in 2011 had been up 16.7% on a year to date basis, as of last Friday’s close. The above chart from Bloomberg, exhibits the LSX since its inception.
Lastly, the mainstream’s ‘confusions’ about where cash or economic growth has been coming from, like the Philippines, has largely been due to the poor understanding of the informal sector.
The IMF estimates the informal sector as accounting for 33.4% of the GDP of Laos (2002-2003).
I think the role of the shadow sector has been immensely underestimated.
The informal sector share of the labor force according to ASEANSEC.org accounts for over 40% in 2005.
For the mainstream, the informal economy functions like a vacuum or an unreal world or has been reduced to illegal transactions, which hardly has been accurate. Yes there are some immoral activities, but they account only for a fraction.
However in Laos, a large segment of the informal sector deals with agriculture related products, goods and or services.
The informal economy becomes a huge puzzle when reality and statistics via the expert’s econometric models do not add up.
They forget that a priori, the thrust for human survival is either through economic or political means (Franz Oppenheimer)
Economic means is when people intuitively will work to survive through the formal or through the informal shadow economy or through “politically illegitimated” trades.
Or the alternative, stealing or plunder which have mostly been coursed through the political route.
A social system that survives segments of unproductivity can only be made through redistribution or through parasitical relationship through coercive mandates.
[As an aside the problem of individual unproductivity can be handled through the family or the individual’s networks or the community, whereas the problems of aggression can be dealt with by domestic law]
So the above account simply shows that the average person in Laos has opted for the former which has brought them this newfound prosperity.
Whereas the political leaders of Laos has gradually been relenting to the forces of globalization as revealed by a surging merchandise trade as % of GDP which has passed the 2006 highs (chart from World Bank)
Finally the consensus also forgets that social policies (taxes, regulations, bureaucracy, interventions and etc…
have never been neutral, as these policies greatly affects of influences people’s incentives from which they operate on for survival.
i can put more if you like?
plz dont misguide & paint everything black , if you cant open your eyes dear?
if US leaves afghanistan, yes there would be a hell out there , but one thing would be reminded in the history , which would be a militry lose to USA?
& thn no one can blame us if afghan talibans back in power again?
"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun."
"Problems of War and Strategy" (November 6, 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 224.
The seizure of power by armed force, the settlement of the issue by war, is the central task and the highest form of revolution. This Marxist-Leninist principle of revolution holds good universally, for China and for all other countries.
from sudan to libya, thn from iraq to afghanistan, thn again from tunesia to sirya, this golden rule is in action by US & NATO?
we just need a single good man in uniform!