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Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001
Prepared by the Congressional Research Service for distribution to multiple congressional offices, March 26, 2014
Major U.S. arms sales and grants to Pakistan since 2001 have included items useful for counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations, along with a number of “big ticket” platforms more suited to conventional warfare. In dollar
value terms, the bulk of purchases have been made with Pakistani national funds, although U.S. grants have eclipsed these in recent years.
The Pentagon reports total Foreign Military Sales agreements with Pakistan worth about $5.2 billion for FY2002-FY2012 (sales of F-16 combat aircraft and related equipment account for about half of this).
Congress has appropriated more than $3 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) for Pakistan since 2001, more than $2 billion of
which has been disbursed. These funds are used to purchase U.S. military equipment for longer-term modernization efforts.
Pakistan has also been granted U.S. defense supplies as Excess Defense Articles (EDA).
Major post-2001 defense supplies provided, or soon to be provided, under FMF include:
eight P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft and their refurbishment (valued at $474 million, four delivered, three of which were destroyed in a 2011 attack by Islamist militants);
at least 5,750 military radio sets ($212 million);
2,007 TOW anti-armor missiles ($186 million);
six AN/TPS-77 surveillance radars ($100 million);
six C-130E Hercules transport aircraft and their refurbishment ($76 million);
the Perry-class missile frigate USS McInerney, via special EDA authorization ($65 million for refurbishment;
now the PNS Alamgir); and
20 AH-1F Cobra attack helicopters via EDA ($48 million for refurbishment, 12 delivered).
Supplies paid for with a mix of Pakistani national funds and FMF include:
up to 60 Mid-Life Update kits for F-16A/B combat aircraft (valued at $891 million, with $477 million of this in FMF, Pakistan plans to purchase 45 such kits, 35 upgrades have been completed to date); and
115 M-109 self-propelled howitzers ($87 million, with $53 million in FMF).
Notable items paid or to be paid for entirely with Pakistani national funds include:
18 new F-16C/D Block 52 Fighting Falcon combat aircraft (valued at $1.43 billion);
F-16 armaments including 500 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles; 1,450 2,000-pound bombs; 500 JDAM Tail
Kits for gravity bombs; and 1,600 Enhanced Paveway laser-guided kits, also for gravity bombs ($629
million);
100 Harpoon anti-ship missiles ($298 million);
500 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles ($95 million); and
six Phalanx Close-In Weapons System naval guns ($80 million).
Major articles transferred via EDA include:
14 F-16A/B Fighting Falcon combat aircraft;
59 T-37 Tweet military trainer jets; and
374 M113 armored personnel carriers.
Under Coalition Support Funds (in the Pentagon budget), Pakistan received 26 Bell 412 utility helicopters, along with
related parts and maintenance, valued at $235 million.
Under Section 1206, Frontier Corps, and PakistanCounterinsurgency Fund authorities, the United States has provided 4 Mi-17 multirole helicopters (another 6 were provided
temporarily at no cost), 4 King Air 350 surveillance aircraft, 450 vehicles for the Frontier Corps, 20 Buffalo explosives detection and disposal vehicles, helicopter spare parts, sophisticated explosives detectors, night vision devices, radios, body armor, helmets, first aid kits, litters, and other individual soldier equipment.
Through International Military Education and Training and other programs, the United States has funded and provided training for more than 2,000 Pakistani military
officers.
Sources: U.S. Departments of Defense and State Contact: K. Alan Kronstadt, Specialist in South Asian Affairs, 7-5415
Prepared by the Congressional Research Service for distribution to multiple congressional offices, March 26, 2014
Major U.S. arms sales and grants to Pakistan since 2001 have included items useful for counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations, along with a number of “big ticket” platforms more suited to conventional warfare. In dollar
value terms, the bulk of purchases have been made with Pakistani national funds, although U.S. grants have eclipsed these in recent years.
The Pentagon reports total Foreign Military Sales agreements with Pakistan worth about $5.2 billion for FY2002-FY2012 (sales of F-16 combat aircraft and related equipment account for about half of this).
Congress has appropriated more than $3 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) for Pakistan since 2001, more than $2 billion of
which has been disbursed. These funds are used to purchase U.S. military equipment for longer-term modernization efforts.
Pakistan has also been granted U.S. defense supplies as Excess Defense Articles (EDA).
Major post-2001 defense supplies provided, or soon to be provided, under FMF include:
eight P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft and their refurbishment (valued at $474 million, four delivered, three of which were destroyed in a 2011 attack by Islamist militants);
at least 5,750 military radio sets ($212 million);
2,007 TOW anti-armor missiles ($186 million);
six AN/TPS-77 surveillance radars ($100 million);
six C-130E Hercules transport aircraft and their refurbishment ($76 million);
the Perry-class missile frigate USS McInerney, via special EDA authorization ($65 million for refurbishment;
now the PNS Alamgir); and
20 AH-1F Cobra attack helicopters via EDA ($48 million for refurbishment, 12 delivered).
Supplies paid for with a mix of Pakistani national funds and FMF include:
up to 60 Mid-Life Update kits for F-16A/B combat aircraft (valued at $891 million, with $477 million of this in FMF, Pakistan plans to purchase 45 such kits, 35 upgrades have been completed to date); and
115 M-109 self-propelled howitzers ($87 million, with $53 million in FMF).
Notable items paid or to be paid for entirely with Pakistani national funds include:
18 new F-16C/D Block 52 Fighting Falcon combat aircraft (valued at $1.43 billion);
F-16 armaments including 500 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles; 1,450 2,000-pound bombs; 500 JDAM Tail
Kits for gravity bombs; and 1,600 Enhanced Paveway laser-guided kits, also for gravity bombs ($629
million);
100 Harpoon anti-ship missiles ($298 million);
500 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles ($95 million); and
six Phalanx Close-In Weapons System naval guns ($80 million).
Major articles transferred via EDA include:
14 F-16A/B Fighting Falcon combat aircraft;
59 T-37 Tweet military trainer jets; and
374 M113 armored personnel carriers.
Under Coalition Support Funds (in the Pentagon budget), Pakistan received 26 Bell 412 utility helicopters, along with
related parts and maintenance, valued at $235 million.
Under Section 1206, Frontier Corps, and PakistanCounterinsurgency Fund authorities, the United States has provided 4 Mi-17 multirole helicopters (another 6 were provided
temporarily at no cost), 4 King Air 350 surveillance aircraft, 450 vehicles for the Frontier Corps, 20 Buffalo explosives detection and disposal vehicles, helicopter spare parts, sophisticated explosives detectors, night vision devices, radios, body armor, helmets, first aid kits, litters, and other individual soldier equipment.
Through International Military Education and Training and other programs, the United States has funded and provided training for more than 2,000 Pakistani military
officers.
Sources: U.S. Departments of Defense and State Contact: K. Alan Kronstadt, Specialist in South Asian Affairs, 7-5415
