Single Shot Pulsed Gigawatt Electron Accelerators
Indigenous technology for Electron Accelerator technology development was carried out meticulously and has built four accelerators starting with a modest power level of 0.4 GW, APPD has successfully developed accelerators with a power level of 40 GW. KALI series of accelerators includes KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000, and KALI 5000.
KALI 5000: This system is designed to produce electron pulses of about 100 ns with an energy of about 1 MeV, current 40 kA and a power of 40 GW.
This Relativistic Electron Beams (REB) thus generated will be used for the generation of High Power Microwaves (HPM) & Flash X Rays (FXR). Commissioning trials for KALI 5000 system have begun.
A view of a 1 MeV, 50 -100 ns, 40 GW pulsed accelerator (KALI 5000) is depicted below
Attachment 1300 KALI-5000 Accelerator
This Accelerator will deliver electron beam at the rate of 10 - 100 Hz with an energy and current of 200 keV, 5kA respectively. The pulse length will be around 50 ns. In this device, double exponential electrical pulses of 20 kV/20ms produced by a solid state driver are amplified, compressed and shaped into rectangular pulses of 75 kV / 50 ns by successive stages of magnetic compression switches. These pulses are fed into a two-stage induction accelerator cavities, for accelerating the electron beams to about 1 GW of power (peak). This accelerator will also be used for generating HPM and FXR and dynamic imaging. Most of its subsystems are in the advanced stage of fabrication.
Pulse Power Systems:
A technology developed over the last 25 years or so.
Attachment 1302 80 joules Pulse power system gifted to IIT Chennai: A MARX bank based, 300 kV, 2kA, 100 ns pulse power source was gifted to High Voltage Electrical Engineering deptt. of IIT Chennai.A view of this source is shown in Figure. It is being used as an educational tool for imparting training and teaching to the B.Tech, M. Tech and Ph.D. students about designing the MARX generator and their characterizations.
The KALI (Kilo Ampere Linear Injector) is a linear electron accelerator being developed in India, by the Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO) and the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
Overview:
The KALI is not a laser weapon as commonly believed. It emits powerful pulses of electrons (Relativistic Electron Beams- REB). Other components in the machine down the line convert the electron energy into EM Radiation, which can be adjusted to x-ray (as Flash X-Rays) or microwave (High Power Microwave) frequencies.
This has fueled hopes that the KALI could, one day be used in a High-Power Microwave gun, which could destroy incoming missiles and aircraft through soft-kill (destroying the electronic circuitry on the missile). However, weaponising such a system has many obstacles to overcome.
History:
The KALI project was first mooted in 1985 by the then Director of the BARC, Dr. R. Chidambaram. Work on the Project began in 1989, being developed by the Accelerators & Pulse Power Division of the BARC. (Dr. Chidambaram was also the Scientific advisor the Prime Minister, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission). DRDO is also involved with this project.
It was initially developed for industrial applications, although defence applications became clearer later[1].
The first accelerators had a power of ~0.4GW, which increased as later versions were developed. These were the KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000, KALI 5000 and KALI 10000.
The KALI-5000 was commissioned for use in late 2004.[2]
Design:
The KALI series (KALI 80, KALI 200, KALI 1000, KALI 5000 and KALI 10000) of accelerators are described as "Single Shot Pulsed Gigawatt Electron Accelerators"[3]. They are single shot devices, using water filled capacitors to build the charge energy. The discharge is in the range of 1GW. Initially starting with 0.4GW power, present accelerators are able to reach 40GW. Pulse time is about 60 ns.
The Microwave radiations emitted by the KALI-5000 are in the 3-5 GHz Range
T
he KALI-5000 is a pulsed accelerator of 1 MeV electron energy, 50-100 ns pulse time, 40kA Current and 40 GW Power level. The system is quite bulky as well, with the KALI-5000 weighing 10 tons, and the KALI-10000, weighing 26 tons. They are also very power hungry, and require a cooling tank of 12,000 liters of oil. Recharging time is also too long to make it a viable weapon in its present form.
Applications:
The KALI has been put to various uses by the DRDO. The DRDO was involved in configuring the KALI for their use.
The X-rays emitted are being used in Ballistics research as an illuminator for ultrahigh speed photography by the Defence Ballistics Research Institute (DBRL) in Chandigarh. The Microwave emissions are used for EM Research.
The microwave-producing version of Kali has also been used by the
DRDO scientists for testing the vulnerability of the electronic systems of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), which was then under development.
It has also helped in designing electrostatic shields to "harden" the LCA and missiles from microwave attack by the enemy as well as protecting satellites against deadly Electromagnetic Impulses (EMI) generated by nuclear weapons and other cosmic disturbances, which "fry" and destroy electronic circuits. Electronic components currently used in missiles can withstand fields of approx. 300 V/cm, while the fields in case of EMI attack reach thousands of V/cm.
As a Weapon:
The KALI's potential for a military role as a beam weapon has made it, in the eyes of the people, "India's Star Wars". However, weaponisation of the KALI will take some time. The system is still under development, and efforts are being made to make it more compact, as well as improve its recharge time, which, at the present, makes it only a single use system.
There are also issues of creating a complete system, which would require development of many more components.
There have also been reports of placing the weaponized KALI in an Il-76 aircraft as an airborne defence system. There is also speculation of using the KALI as an Anti-satellite weapon and as a space-based weapon system, although it is unlikely that they would be implemented, given India's stance on those issues.
If weaponized, it is quite likely that KALI would be integrated into India's fledgling Ballistic Missile Defense program.
According to scientists, ''soft killing" by high power microwaves has advantages over the so called laser weapon which destroys by drilling holes through metal.
The Kali system was developed for industrial applications and that the defence use was a recent spinoff.
Development of the Kali machine was mooted in 1985 by Dr Chidambaram, then director of BARC, but work earnestly began in 1989.
The machine essentially generated pulses of highly energetic electrons. Other components in the machine down the line converted the electrons into flash X-rays (for ultra high-speed photography) or microwaves. The electron beam itself can be used for welding.
The Defence Balistics Research Institute in Chandigarh is already using an X-ray version of Kali to study speed of projectiles.
Another defense institute in Bangalore is using a microwave-producing version of Kali which the scientists use for
testing the vulnerability of the electronic systems going into the LCA Tejas under development and designing electrostatic shields to protect them from microwave attack by the enemy.
According to BARC scientists, the Kali machine has for the first time provided India a way to ''harden" the electronic systems used in satellites and missiles against the deadly electromagnetic impulses (EMI) generated by nuclear weapons.
The EMI wrecks havoc by creating intense electric field of several thousand volts per centimeter. The electronic components currently used in missiles can withstand fields of Just 300 volts per centimeter.
While the Kali systems built so far are single shot pulse power systems,the Kali-5000 is a rapid fire device, and hence its derrivative will be used as beam weapon.
According to BARC-published reports, the machine will shoot several thousand bursts of microwaves, each burst lasting for just 60 billionths of a second and packed with a power of about four gigawatts.
The high power microwave pulses travel in a straight line and do not dissipate their energy if the frequency falls between three and ten gigahertz.
Auroral Arms Race: India plays "catch-up" against Beijing-US EMP/HAARP
Fearful of Sino-American advances in military uses of
electromagnetic energy weapons that fry circuits, clouds and brains by bouncing gigawatts of energy off the ionosphere from thousands of miles away,the world's largest democracy is taking the precaution of developing electrostatic shield technologies to "rebounce" directed HAARP energies "somewhere else."
The electrostatic shield is a defensive technology against electromagnetic projection weapons now in the hands of China and the US (HAARP and the tactical pulse weapon that can "shoot down" satellites (actually burn out their circuits.)
India is also adapting its microwave technology for deterrence. Their 'Kali - 5000" (kilo-ampere linear injector) is being adapted for use against an aggressor's planes and missiles. Research on an array of shield and "Ray Wars" projects are underway at research centers at Chandigarh, Bangalore, and Bhabha.
There is no indication that India is following the U.S. and China in developing clandstine weather modification technologies for military use. India's weather modification projects well publicized and benign. It appears that truly open governments do not resort to such horrors.
American missiles, as China (and everyone else)now knows thanks to Clinton and Loral's Bernard Schwartz, can be knocked out by a pulse of just 300 volts per centimeter -- and a hardened replacement chip is still years away --hence the new heavy-handed emphasis on the Alaskan weapon and GWB's willingness to dump our current nuclear warhead and ICBM arsenal for something better.
Durga or
Directionally Unrestricted Ray-Gun Array. Though scarce details on this are available, it is said to be an Indian version of the US Star Wars project in which in-coming missiles can be shot down, or burnt down, by laser guns based in space.
6 NLI BN HQ was marked as "test" area and a team of RAW and SASE visited "S" post of Indian Army at 21,000 feet in Siachen glacier from where battalion HQ of 6 NLI was visible. SASE team mapped the area and identified possible trigger points to bury the "test" area under tons of snow. Now the task force was facing a huge challenge of taking up the heavy laser gun, the gen set and other support equipments up there at 21,000 feet. Also heavy noise and vibrations of the equipment could also trigger an avalanche on our own troops. So, it was decided to use air platform for KALI. Two IL- 76s were deputed to ARC (Aviation Research Centre) from Indian Air force. ARC is aviation arm of RAW.
Immediately those were flown by ARC pilots to Charbatia Airbase near Cuttack in Odisha. These IL-76s were refitted with KALI-50000W on board. It is much more powerful version than what RAW officer saw at Jawahar tunnel. Techically it is a pulsed accelerator of ~30 MeV electron energy, 50-100 ns pulse time, 90kA Current and 200 GW Power level. After refitting these IL76s were flown to Sarsawa AF station and parked. No one was allowed to go near those and were guarded by fierce looking Garud commandos of IAF.
H hour or the time of action was decided as 1200 hrs. It was suppose to take 2 hours to soften up the trigger points and then start the avalanche around 2 PM. Most avalanches occur around late noons, so was that planned timing. An observation party was though deployed at Indian Army's "S" post to monitor, feed and give directions if any to master control room aboard one of the IL 76s. Most of the DRDO scientists working with KALI and other communication engineering projects were South Indians and had never seen altitudes over 1000 feet. They were most uncomfortable when some of them were told to hold at 21,000 feet for 1 month. SASE guys were not so uncomfortable as they always are in snow and studying snow but still 21,000 feet is an altitude which can freeze the **** in you.
But they were lucky to find some brave and lunatics to accept that challenge. They were given high altitude training and proper acclimatization along with new inducting army units for deployments in north and central glaciers. Army instructors and jawans had seen many civilians at Siachen base camp earlier but never ever they saw some civilians training as hard as them.
The only problem with air platform was the very long shot for "laser fire" and thus problems in polarization (keeping laser intensity focused at target). And this operation required high precision "shooting". IL 76's were supposed to fly at 30000 feet and well away from Siachen. So BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre), Mumbai was roped in for help regarding polarization. After studying the requirements it was suggested to shift the H-hour either in early morning or late evening to avoid any refraction. Though both the times were highly unusual for natural occurrence of avalanches but it was decided to start "firing" around 4 in the morning, a day before Mr Zardari would be visiting Delhi.
On the d-day IL-76 flew from Sarsawa and soon positioned themselves at the required altitude and pre designated coordinates. 1 AWACS and 1 IL-78 mid air refuler took off from Agra and were given co-ordinates and call signs to help 2 classified flying objects over Uttrakhand skies. RAW ops are always strictly need to know basis. AWACS staff was little puzzled seeing few plain cloth men on board overseeing them but nobody questioned. AWACS were also tasked to vector in 6 Mirages from Gwalior and 4 SU 30s from Lohegaon (Pune) in support of those 2 classified flying objects. Mirages and SU 30s were airborne since 2 in the morning and taking turns to scan the area around 2 unknown birds. At 4 in the morning the shooting started and as expected early morning rare environment helped a lot in precision. SASE team had earmarked the points after detailed analysis of images at satellite data reception centre and 3-D Terrain Visualization Center. DRDO's team KALI was shooting at right places with laser gun being fed with precise coordinates. By 5:40 AM massive snow started hurtling towards plains where 6 NLI BN HQ was situated. It was a dry snow avalanche and very soon massive slabs of snow attained speed of around 300km/hour. Outposts of 6 NLI troops and other Pakistani troops must have seen the mass of snow coming down and might have tried to alert the HQ. But that massive avalanche not only had snapped the communication lines but also blasted away some outposts. And 300km/hr is a speed coupled with thousand tones of cruising mass which can beat any wit or training. Even Indian observation party at "S" post was horrified to see such large avalanche. Within 10-15 minutes everything was covered with 80-100 feet of snow. Indian soldiers looking that were horrified too and it was the real "tandav" of KALI who as per Hindu mythology has defeated "Shiva" the greatest and official destroyer of the Universe.
2 brand new MI 17V5s helicopters flew from Thoise airbase to "A" post at 8 AM. 6 Cheetah Helicopters were also ready at Siachen Base camp 1 hour before 2 Mi-17s i.e at 7 AM . 6 Cheetahs flew after gap of 5 minutes with each other and destination was "S" post. Task was to pick the group of "civilians" and their equipments who were dropped a month ago on postal-stamp size helipad of post "S". Cheetahs were suppose to bring those civilians to post "A" at 16,000 feet from where they'll board Mi17s to climb down to Thoise. KALI carrying IL76s were back at their base Charbatia and so were their escorts.
Brigade Commander 323 Pakistani brigade was jolted out of his sleep by his staff with the news. He was immediately out for rescue and relief work after informing Maj. Gen. Muzammil Hussain, Commander FCNA who in turn informed Lt Gen Khalid Nawaz Khan, GoC, X corps. Soon Pakistani news channels started reporting the tragedy which has struck PA. The first rescue team led by Brigade Commander himself couldn't believe what they saw. There was just snow all around at the same place where 6 NLI was having its BN HQ few hours back. There was no communication signal either. FCNA Signal unit detachment, which was summoned to take part in relief ops were trying to get in touch with border outposts of the unit. Some of them perished in the avalanche and most of them were "out" of signal due to large scale destruction of communication lines. Brigade intelligence officer gave record of last evening roll call details as mentioned in sit-rep (situational report) of the BN HQ as sent by 2 in Command Maj Zaka UL Haq. There were 124 army personnel's including BN commander Lt Col Tanvir Ul Hassan, Cap (Doc) Haleem Ullah and Major Zaka. There were 11 civilians also including tailor, barber, porters etc. In total 135 men were under snow. Initial estimate showed a layer of 80 ft snow which is beyond reach of any sniffer dog or digging machines.
It was a crippling blow to Pakistan's tactical position in Siachen. With Pakistan Army occupying only downhill features in Siachen and Soltoro ranges India can take out all those positions without firing a bullet and no collateral damage. IL 76 mounted KALI avatar is very expansive as of now and not viable against small border outposts. DRDO is confident of developing a handheld or compact version soon for usage of KALI against such targets. KALI is also very useful and effective in "frying" up electronic circuits from considerable distance and with no human-eye visible rays. That can have wide range of application form missile defense system to satellite killer or snapping out communication of a moving armored column or making an AWACS a sitting duck.
This is fake or conspiracy it cannot be verified.
