Israeli Sale of Phalcon AWACS Radar to India, a Hostile Act: A Clear and Present Danger to Pakistan
Written by Shahid Saleem Afzal in Pakistan Times & Usman Karim for Pakistan Think Tank
The delivery of Israeli Phalcon to India, significantly, upsets the balance of power in South Asia. An outcome of this development will be the alienation of Pakistani people and it's Armed Forces from the West and its policies. The duality of approaches towards India and Pakistan by the West and it allies like Israel, may significantly affect the current campaign of Pakistan's armed forces to crush Jihadists. It will also lend credence to Western critics in Pakistan, that Pakistan is being used to carry out Western Policies and Strategic interest.
When, Pakistan was offered AWACS, during the 1980's, the United States retracted the offer, after India raised the objection of "introducing strategic technologies to upset the arms balance between India and Pakistan." The West did not even raise a peep against Phalcon's offensive threat to Pakistan. Iran is also endangered, as Israel can use Indian surrogate spies in Iran to destroy their strategic weapons. Here is what the prestigious "The Pakistan Times, " writer of Lahore said in an article by Shahid Saleem Afzal:
Impact of Indo-Israel nexus on Iran
By Shahid Saleem Afzal
NEW Delhi accorded formal recognition to Israel in 1950. In view of Israel's human rights abuses in Palestine and high stakes of India in Middle Eastern countries, India kept the relationship at a low key.
Normalisation came more than four decades after India recognised Israel. The post-9/11 scenario changed things and gave India an opportunity to exploit the situation to gain maximum from the West by taking a U-turn in its foreign policy. With the US granting India the status of a strategic partner, India was encouraged to snuggle closer to the US at the cost of Russia. The US and Israel have always enjoyed exceptional relationship. Hence, India has become a natural ally and strategic partner of both the countries. Its relationship with Iran remains unchanged, but it will be difficult for India to maintain the same tempo because of the open hostility of its new friends towards Iran.
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's visit to India in 2003 gave birth to a new era of special relations between the two countries. The United States and Israel are not at all happy with India's close ties with the Islamic regime in Iran. But if India has continued to pursue its policy of encirclement of Pakistan, it needs to maintain close ties with Iran, Afghanistan and other Central Asian countries bordering Pakistan. The US and Israel have signalled many times to India to keep at a distance from Iran. But India continues to maintain close relations with Iran for economic reasons and to undermine Pakistan.
The Indo-Israeli relations are based on a rock solid foundation, posing a direct threat to Iran. Both countries are getting closer to each other with every passing day. The Israeli Vice Premier visited India in December 2004 along with an accompanying delegation of 100 businessmen. During the visit several agreements were concluded to boost cooperation between the two countries. Indian trade with Israel is growing exponentially with a target of US$5 billion in three years. In 2004, Indo-Israeli trade would cross US $2 billion.
On December 2, 2004, Indo-Israel Joint Working Group in New Delhi discussed measures to curb terror financing and denying terrorists the capability to use anti-aircraft missiles. The two sides were of the view that recent resolutions of the UN Security Council, particularly 1373, 1540 and 1566, provided a valuable framework for strengthening cooperation against terrorism at the international level. The two countries have repeatedly stressed on the growing need for counter-terrorism cooperation within the international community, specifically to strengthen political will and capacity building. While there is active cooperation between the two countries in the field, little of it is publicised for security reasons and sensitivity of the issue with relation to Iran.
Another agreement that was concluded during the visit of the Israeli Vice Premier relates to establishment of a bilateral R&D fund and R&D cooperation. Each partner will invest $1 million annually in the fund. The fund will be called the India-Israel R&D Cooperation Initiative (IIRDCI). Israel signed a letter of intent to promote research and development in areas such as advanced materials and nanotechnology to produce products targeting world market. Currently, there are 37 projects in Science and Technology between the two sides and there have also been many scientific visits.
The Israeli delegation to ‘India had representatives from 50 companies. During the four-day visit to Mumbai, Delhi and Banglore, Olmert met with ministers of Industry and Trade from several states, and with the Indian Minister of Agriculture, discussing cooperation between companies from the two countries, both in India and in Third Wrold countries. Olmert discussed the inclusion of Israeli companies in government tenders in India. Discussions were also held towards the signing of a future customs exemption/reduction agreement, in order to substantially boost Israeli civilian exports to India and improve cooperation between customs authorities in the two countries. A financial protocol was also discussed, as well as the inclusion of Israeli companies in the upgrading of agriculture in India. Meetings were also held with the Indian Minister of Communications and Information Technology for implementation of the R&D agreement for information technology, which the two countries signed in 2002. The penetration of communications technology, especially cellular technology, also came under discussion. The Indian Government plans to hook up every village to at least one satellite communications line (in order to avoid the high cost of installing land lines). The Government Communications Company will implement the project, but the potential for including Israeli companies is great. Talking to journalists, Ehud Olmert said he expected no difficulties in dealing with India's Congress Party. "It was the Congress Government which established friendly relations with us and I find no difference in policy of the previous Government and the present regime," Mr Olmert said.
During the visit India agreed not to pass Israeli defence technology on to Iran. Israel was assured of this at the highest level. This was in response to Sharon's demand from India what he called "reciprocity". In return for the Phalcon radar system and sensitive intelligence reports on terrorism, for instance, Israel asked India to disavow anti-Israel resolutions in the UN and other multilateral bodies. More significant, it also asked India to be mindful of Israel's security concerns before developing even closer ties with Iran. Israel is seriously concerned about India-Iran ties.
The Hindutva philosophy has taken roots in India. The Hindutva philosophy of "cultural nationalism" looks at the world Muslim community as one nation. Hindutva's cultural nationalism predates Samuel Huntington's "clash of civilizations" theory by almost a century. The idea of a Muslim monolith is so deeply ingrained that even if they try to do so, Hindutva ideologues confess that they are unable to distinguish between Muslims of different countries. In time to come they would expect India to go along with Israel and the United States in destroying Iran, the second destination, after Iraq, in President George W Bush's war against his "axis of evil". A ‘nuclear Iran suspected of supporting Palestinians and organisations sympathetic to them, faces a great threat of attack on its nuclear installations, which may be sooner rather than later. India would support such an operation clandestinely, while opposing it in the eyes of the world, not to annoy Iran because of economic reasons.
After all, following destruction comes reconstruction in which India would not like to lose. "We hope that India will try to civilize the Iranians, " the Israeli Vice Premier said during the visit. Israel is keen that India display greater awareness on how a possible possession of WMD by Iran could destabilise West Asia. The two sides freely exchanged views on the developing threat of WMD possibly falling into hands of terrorist organisations.
© 2005 Shahid Saleem Afzal
Pakistan Think Tank Writer, Usman Karim writes from Lahore , in Yale Global Israel accelerating Arms race in Sub-Continents "'Uzi diplomacy'?"
The cooperation between Israel and India, with U.S. blessing, is really destroying the peace and starting a new arms race in south Asia, due to such intensive Israel Cooperation with India, Pakistan and India came at the brink of war 3 times since 1998. These arms sales were part of a declared NDA policy to forge an alliance among India, the United States, and Israel
India is one of the 39 countries with whom Israel has signed "secret co-operative agreements" to prevent information leaks from joint security projects. India and Israel are two democratic countries who killed more than I million people on the name of insurgency from 1947 to 2008 (Kashmir, Assam, Palestine)
In the 2001-2006 India had purchased arms worth nearly $15 billion from Israel and has been its largest client for military hardware.2006 to 2009 $9 billion arms purchased by India from Israel. According to figures released in 2008 by the Israeli Defence Ministry India accounted for 50% of Israel's military exports .The report of 1992 to 2001 is available.
Ovi Magazine : India & Israel: A Wrong Alliance 3/4 by Shahul Hameed
Brajesh Mishra, outlined a proposal in a speech to the American Jewish Committee in Washington in May 2003 that India, Israel, and the United States should unite to combat the common threat of Islamic fundamentalism
Israel is most probably behind the Kargill war, Indian parliament attack in 2002 and now in Mumbai terrors attacks in 2008 to Accelerating the arms sale to India and safe his arms industry and destablise the integrity of Pakistan who is consider great threat to Israel security and stability? Israel does not have direct conflict with Pakistan. All three serving chiefs of India have now visited Israel in the last 2 years.
From anti-missile systems to hi-tech radars, from sky drones to night-vision equipment, Indo-Israeli defense cooperation has known no bounds in recent times
Israel Mossad may infiltrated in Jihadi Organization structure through Indian influence in Afghanistan and helping and training them to safe his defense industry to die down and start a Proxy war against Pakistan in Balouchistan and in FATA and plunge India and Pakistan to brink of war . There is already an on-going relationship between Israeli Intelligence agencies and their Indian counterparts. It is well known that Mossad routinely infiltrates even "friendly" intelligence agencies and uses them to plant information which helps Israel .Mossad working on project called A Clean Break.
www.stopthewall.org/downloads/pdf/Indo-Israel
Reason behind defense ties between India and Israel. Pakistan's missile and nuclear weapon technologies are main concern to Israel. Pakistani a supplier of intermediate-range missiles and may be transfer of technology to boost it's arm industry really great threat to Israel such countries as Iran, Libya, Saudi Arabia, UAE,and Syria, stated by Efraim Inbar is professor of political science at Bar-Ilan University and director of the Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies Israel.
India helped Israel during the 1967, Middle Eastern conflict, by covertly sending military equipment to Israel. Before that in 1963, General Shalfid, Israel Chief of Army staff, visited India for discussions with his Indian counterpart.
Ovi Magazine : India & Israel: A Wrong Alliance 3/4 by Shahul Hameed
In the military field in India's critical hour of need of the 1971 war with Pakistan, India sought Israel's help to supply it with the devastating artillery weapon, 160 mm mortars and ammunition, exclusively manufactured in Israel.
India-Israel Relations
India embarked on its nuclear tests with the support of the international community, namely the United States and Israel, because the US desired a nuclear force to balance China as a nuclear power in Asia and central Asia.
Israel benefited from this cooperation--according to some sources--by being permitted to conduct two nuclear tests on Indian territory, the components transferred on board an Israeli C130 military aircraft that landed in India two weeks prior to the tests. India also makes use of its nuclear cooperation with Israel in maintaining qualitative superiority over its enemy, Pakistan. This was stated by General Ahmed Abdel Halim a member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs (ECFA) in a Alhram weekly
bitterlemons-international.org - Middle East Roundtable
During India's 1999 Kargil war with Pakistan, Israel rushed military support to India, cementing the nascent defense relationship. Israel sent its laser guided missiles to India during the Indo-Pak Kargil war of 1999, making it possible for the Indian Mirages to destroy Pakistani bunkers in the mountains. Jane's Defense Weekly, which gave details on the supplies, reported in March 2000
Israel, the rogue nation & illegitimate child of America supplied missiles, portable radars & other weapons during Kargil War in 1999 as confirmed by Shri Rahul Bedi( India's defence analyst) on BBC and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) - 8 in 1999 for surveillance purposes (Army) - 20 in 2000 during the Kargil war UAVs for high altitude surveillance, laser - guided systems and many other items were supplied within 24 hours 'Indian Express' July 3, 2000
After September 11 attack on the World Trade Centre, and attack on Indian Parliament Israel has been selling defence supplies to India, just from 2002 to 2008 India buy more than $25 billion dollars worth weapon and transfer of technology from Israel
In June 2002 as part of "Operation Parakram," after the attack on Indian Parliament, Israel supplied hardware through special planes after a visit by the Director-General of Israeli Defense ministry
Israel helping the Indian forces in Kashmir and in Maoist area against right of self determination, Indian version Counter Insurgency. Israeli deputy chief of general staff, Major General Moshe Kaplinsky, visited J&K, including the 16 Corps headquarters in Nagrota for presumably helping India with "counter- insurgency"
Article in the Jerusalem Post India has signed a $30 million contract with Israel Military Industries (IMI) for 3,400 Tavor assault rifles and 200 Galil sniper rifles, as well as night vision and laser range finding and targeting equipment .Tavor assault rifles, Galil sniper rifles, and night vision and laser range finding and targeting equipment to kill the innocent Kashmiri on the name of insurgency 90000 Kashmiri is killed by Indian force from 1988 to 2008 by these weapon from Israel . India buys the counter-infiltration devices Israel uses on Golan Heights and in the Negev Desert. 4 battalion (3000) was send to Israel for special training against insurgency in Kashmir Ghatak force
http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=4911
India refurbished the "Ghatak" force,
the Ghatak jawans and officers of the Indian army trained by Israel in fake anti-terrorist operation.espically conducting Operation in Indian held Kashmir and Maoist insurgency areas.
Ovi Magazine : India & Israel: A Wrong Alliance 3/4 by Shahul Hameed
Dan Williams in his article for Reuters, "Israel Arm Sales Peak despite Lebanon War Fallout." Israel acquired an element of strategic depth (crucial for a geographically small state like Israel) set up logistical bases in the Indian Ocean for its navy .Three Israel submarine are station in Indian ocean in Bangalore
Despite this, however, it is remarkable that India and Israel managed to come together on a range of issues, especially the close collaboration between the Indian intelligence agency, RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) and Israel's Mossad.
While India got tacit help and support from Israel during its 1962 war with China and 1965 war with Pakistan
India-Israel Partnership
The Times of India stated in April 2008 that Indian and Israeli defence officials have initiated work on an unmanned helicopter. Being developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) unmanned air vehicle division malat
According to latest report, Pakistan army has captured Israel made weapon in balouch insurgency and in ongoing operation in Fata and in Swat. Uzi diplomacy to press hard to Pakistan for diplomatic relation through supporting insurgency and DR A.Q Khan (NPT) matter in Pakistan by Israel (Jews) lobby to investigate him by FBI and Albhradi (IAE)
According to JINSA, India has had to significantly boost its defense budget in order to finance all its new Israeli arms purchases: By 2010 New Delhi's annual military budget is expected to reach $100 billion.
The Great concern to Israel and India is Pakistan increasing defense cooperation with Iran, Jordan, Syria and Egypt, Yemen,.2nd most important is GCC Countries heavily relying on Pakistan forces, 60% GCC Defence forces are Pakistani origin (Bhrain,Qatar,Oman,UAE,)60% armed forces are belonged to Pakistani people.(Kuwait,KSA) data is not available
Though India and Israel only established diplomatic relations in 1992, their relationship has blossomed over the past 17 years, particularly in the defense arena. India has become the Israeli defense industry's top foreign customer, with some $1.5 billion in annual purchases, and Israel is now India's second most important weapons supplier after Russia
Critics slam India-Israel arms trade | JTA - Jewish & Israel News
A coalition of US-India Political Action Committee (USINPAC), America-Israel Political
Action Committee (AIPAC) and American Jewish Committee (AJC) has vehemently lobbied to gain the Bush administration's approval for Israel to sell four Phalcon early warning radar planes to India worth US $1 billion
Sales included upgrades for MIG 21 aircraft and T72 tanks originally purchased from Russia, the Barak anti-missile ship defense system, communications equipment, laser-guided munitions and the Phalcon. The first of five Phalcon AWACs were delivered in 2007. Co-partnerships are now developing between Indian and Israeli firms.
Israeli arms experts are also seeking to sell the Arrow II anti-tactical ballistic missile system to India, which would require U.S. approval due to shared technology in the ATBM system
In 2008 U.S. $2.5 billion defense project with Israel. The developments of missiles capable of intercepting aircraft and other aerial targets at a range of 70 km is to be undertaken by India's Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries
The Indian arms purchases include:
Barak Naval anti-missile defence system this system would provide India with a close-in point defense system against the Harpoon and Exocet missiles acquired by Pakistan.
Sales included upgrades for MIG 21 aircraft and T72 tanks originally purchased from Russia
Phalcon advanced airborne early warning systems
Green Pine early-warning and fire-control radars
Up gradation of 180 130 mm M-46 field guns by Israeli firm Soltam
Super-Dvora Mk II fast attack craft
Heron Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Star Night Technologies Night Vision Goggles
Spider quick-reaction surface to air missile (55 km range) $2.5 billion joint collaboration
project
A $480 million, five-year contract was concluded in early 2006 between the Indian Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) for missile development. India and Israel are now working to expand their already
considerable missile development cooperation to cover both air and land based missile
systems. It is estimated that this new deal with IAI would be of the order of $2.5 billion. The deal, apart from missile systems, also includes radar systems made by IAI's subsidiary, Elta Systems Ltd, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and possibly satellites too.
On January 21, 2008 an Indian space launch vehicle lifted off from the Sriharikota spaceport on the Indian Ocean to put into space Israel's most sophisticated spy satellite ever launched, the Polaris. The Polaris satellite is Israel's first equipped with synthetic aperture radar that allows it to take high resolution imagery in all weather conditions. The radar looks through clouds or fog to see objects on the ground
Israel & India: New Allies - Brookings Institution
IAI launched its series of 5 such satellites that India has agreed to launch for Israel.
TechSAR all-weather, high-resolution radar satellite using an Indian launcher in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). In return, Israel has agreed to share certain images from the satellites with India, according to a report in The Times of India. Israel has made no secret of the fact that the prime function of TechSAR is to spy on Iran and Pakistan Nuclear Arsenal, Iran a country with which India has friendly relations and Pakistan. India have fought 4 wars and still fighting a proxy war in balouchistan and in NWFP (FATA).
Pakistan understandably has anxiety about spy satellites launched by India being used to gather information on Pakistan, especially with reported plans to launch two more satellites. Times of India reported that although command, control and supervision of the Tescar will be in Israeli hands, "Israel will allow India access to some of the data sent back to ground stations
Foreign Policy In Focus | India and Israel Eye Iran
Israel's role in India's counter-terrorism operations in Kashmir would make Israeli tourists all the more vulnerable in the state. In 2000, reports in the media said an Israeli counter-terrorism team, including military intelligence specialists and senior police commanders, visited Kashmir to assess India's security needs. Since then, several such visits are said to have taken place. Kashmiris insist that "Israeli agents" were in Kashmir much earlier.
Conclusion
Pakistan cannot afford to lower its guard. India has proven to be an expansionist power. And has also hegemonic ambitions.
Pakistan cannot, therefore, afford not to be fully prepared to deal with the possible threats to its integrity from India. After all, it was New Delhi that made possible the breakup of Pakistan in 1971.1984 Scahchin Adventure and try to capture KKH high way to cut vital road link with Chin. Its warm relations with both Afghanistan Israel and Iran are motivated by the way it views Islamabad. In other words, Pakistan cannot be what Canada and Mexico are for the United States or what Argentina is for Brazil.
According to a the United States Congressional Research Service, Pakistan spent $45.1bn on arms purchases from 1992 to 2008, due to Monster Israel and India military cooperation.
Pakistan's exchange rate, which was 10 Rupees to the dollar in 1980, has plummeted to its current rate of more than 76 Rupees to the dollar. In 1980 it stood at $10 billion, doubling by 1990, and jumping to over $43 billion in 1998. Pakistan's external debt is 53.8 per cent of the GDP; Total external liabilities 22.4 per cent in 1992-1993 and to 32.6 per cent in 1998-1999. ...The external obligations of Pakistan in December 1999 were about US$ 37 billion, out of which US$ 32 billion were external public and publicly guaranteed debt. At the same time the internal debt of Pakistan was US$ 32.5 billion. External indebtedness and internal indebtedness together shows a total of US$ 69.5 billion (total debt) which is approximately 100 % of the country's GDP.
Pakistan's total external debt has increased by about 10% since 1999. According to the federal finance ministry (July, 2008), Pakistan's internal and external debts have gone up to $90 billion. The country's external debt had increased by around 15 per cent to $47 billion as compared to the last fiscal year. The internal debt, stands at $43 billion, an increase of around 17 per cent over last fiscal year.
Somewhere in the 1980's and the 1990's the situation had reversed. Approximately 80 per cent of the foreign aid package for Pakistan was being spent on defense and other non-development expenditures, almost all of the foreign resources for the country were in the form of loans, credits and direct investments at quite harsh conditionalities and heavy interest rates. In the 1990's and the year 2000 all of the foreign assistance has been spent on debt servicing. At the cost as high as in Pakistan, foreign aid has become a burden, rather than a blessing
The Indian consulates of having "less to do with humanitarian aid and more to do with India's top-secret intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing."
India of setting up networks of "terrorist training camps" located inside Afghanistan, including at the Afghan military base of Qushila Jadid, north of Kabul; near Gereshk, in southern Helmand province; in the Panjshir Valley, northeast of Kabul; and at Kahak and Hassan Killies in western Nimruz province.
Kargill Parliament commission has to be set up to find out the possible involvement of Israel along General Mushraff.PML (N) main demand from PPP led Govt to investigate the Kargill war with India.
PAKISTAN has to demand the UN and India for joint investigation of Indian parliament attack in 2002 and role of Israel (Mossad)
Pakistan has to demand joint probe of Mumbai carnage and attack on Norman house Israel culture center why terrorist attack on that place.
Pakistan has to tell the Arabs the price Pakistan is paying as leader of Muslim umma and unconditional support to the cause of Palestine. And near to economically defaulter due to heavily spending on military expenditure due to Indian and Israel defense cooperation India ambition to break the Pakistan again in 2009.it is really pain fully and bleeding the Economy of Pakistan ..
Usman Karim based in Lahore Pakistan
lmno25@hotmail.com This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
The Phalcon AWACs
IAI Phalcon 707
Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) developed its Phalcon system for Israeli defence forces and for export. Airborne Early Warning, Command and Control (AEWC&C) systems play a major role on the modern battlefield by providing real-time intelligence and command and control needed to achieve and maintain air superiority over the combat area and to enable surveillance of borders in peacetime. The world's most advanced AEWC&C system, the PHALCON, was developed and produced by ELTA using Active Phased Array Electronic Scanning Technology rather than a mechanically rotating antenna (rotodome) used by current AWACS systems, giving PHALCON greater operational flexibility and performance by several orders of magnitude.
The Phalcon AEW&C aircraft is based on four sensors: phased-array radar, phased-array IFF, ESM/ELINT and CSM/COMINT. A unique fusion technology continuously cross-relates the data gathered by all sensors. When one of the sensors reports a detection, the system automatically initiates an active search of the complementary sensors.
The AWE&C phased array radar replaces the conventional rotodome radar. It is mounted either on the aircraft fuselage or on top of the aircraft inside a stationary dome, providing full 360° coverage. This electronically steered beam radar delivers a tremendous advantage over mechanical rotating antenna, as it supports the tracking a high maneuvering targets. The radar can detect even low flying objects from distances of hundreds of kilometers, day and night, under all weather conditions. Verification beams sent at specific, individual, newly detected targets eliminate false alarms. Moreover, track initiation is achieved in 2 to 4 seconds as compared to 20 to 40 seconds with a rotodome radar.
The IFF system employs solid state phased array technology to perform interrogation, decoding, target detection and tracking. A monopulse technique is used to implement azimuth measurement. The IFF data is automatically correlated with the phased array radar.
The ESM/ELINT system receives, analyzes and locates radar signals, covering 360o. It combines high sensitivity with high probability of intercept, and achieves excellent accuracy in bearing measurement. The system uses narrow-band super-heterodyne receivers and wide-band instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) techniques to provide very high accuracy and probability of intercept of airborne and surface emitters. Very high bearing accuracy for all received signals is achieved through Differential Time of Arrival (DTOA) measurements. The system also collects and analyzes ELINT data.
The PHALCON's CSM/COMINT receives in UHF, VHF and HF, rapidly searching for airborne, shipborne or ground communications signals of interest. Selected radio nets can be monitored for signal activity. A DF capability locates targets. Detected signals can be assigned to monitoring receivers instantaneously. The system makes extensive use of computers to reduce the load on operators.
The aircraft communicates, via its data link, with Air Defense HQ. Data from additional air defense sensors are fused to create a complete spatial picture.
The PHALCON systems can be installed on a variety of platforms, such as the Boeing 707, Boeing 767, Boeing 747, Airbus and C-130.
This system was sold to Chile in 1995, where it is designated "Condor". The Israelis began in 1993 converting a FACh Boeing 707 to carry the Phalcon airborne early warning system. Chile had repeated system problems and complained to Israel of system shortcomings.
Under the aegis of Defense Minister Yitzhak Mordechai and Defense Ministry Director General Ilan Biran, six agreements for cooperation between Israeli, American and European defense firms were signed on 15 October 1998. Under one of these agreements, IAI/ELTA Electronics Industries Ltd. and Raytheon Systems Company will cooperate on the development, production and marketing of AEWC&C systems on a world wide basis. The new project will be based on PHALCON. The two companies had teamed up to compete for tenders for AEWC&C systems for Australia, South Korea and Turkey.
Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) was marketing its Phalcon airborne early warning (AEW) system to China in competition with the British defense firm GEC-Marconi. In 1996 Tel Aviv and Beijing signed an agreement on purchasing the Falcon radar system, which China insisted system should be fitted onto Russian Il-76 aircraft. The Phalcon's triangular radar array would be mounted on the rear quarter fuselage of the Il-76 to provide full 360 degree scan coverage. Beijing was expected to acquire several PHALCON AEW systems, and reportedly could buy at least three more [and possibly up to eight] of these systems. But in July 2000 the United States pressured Israel to back out of a $1 billion agreement to sell China four Phalcon phased-array radar systems.
The India Air Force agreed in 2004 to purchase three systems for $1.1 billion. Russia and Israel on 10 October 2004 signed a tripartite agreement to facilitate the equipping of the Indian Air Force (IAF) with the Phalcon airborne warning and control systems. The IAF plans to mount the Phalcon radar and surveillance systems from IAI on IL-76 aircraft supplied by Russia.
IAI lost competitions to Boeing to sell the system to Turkey and Australia. The two companies were the finalists in a 2006 competition for four aircraft for South Korea
IAI Phalcon 707
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