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Over 4000 years ago a civilization existed in Indus Valley. This revering civilization is referred to by archaeology as the Harappa or Indus Valley civilization. The founder of this civilization was Proto-Dravidians speaking people from middle Africa. Now mainly situated in South India, these people earlier lived in central Asia, and even China.
http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Images_Indus/Dravidian/Dravidian_language.htm
‘Tamil Indus' that compiles and groups names of places in the Indus-Harappan geographies that are strikingly identical to those attested in Sangam Tamil texts
“Korkay, Vanji, Tondi Complex” (KVT Complex)
http://a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/201303/IRC%20%20Bulletin%203-%2019%20Mar%202013%20-%20for%20Harappadotcom.pdf
http://rmrl.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IRC-Bulletin-3.pdf
http://new.modernrationalist.com/2013/07/tamil-indus-korkayvanjitondiin-the-north-west-and-a-bone-eating-camel-in-the-cankam-text/
http://www.ulakaththamizh.org/JOTSAArticle.aspx?id=324
http://www.indiatodayimages.com/indiatodayimages/buyimage-r-balakrishnan-3958868.html
Source:
Pakistan
Vanji
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/05/Vanji.html
Tondi
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/04/Tondi.html
Pumbakar
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=afghanistan&city=Pumbakar&id=72826&lang
Korkay
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=afghanistan&city=Korkay&id=52700&lang
Gorkay
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=afghanistan&city=Gorkay&id=33394&lang&monthly
Podineh
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=afghanistan&city=podineh&state=23&zipcode&lang
Kurinj (Iran & United Arab Emirtes)
http://www.newstrackindia.com/information/locations/Iran/1129119-city-kurinj.htm
Urai
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=pakistan&city=Urai&id=127843&lang
Gorkai
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=pakistan&city=Gorkai&id=42167&lang
Tondi
http://www.gomapper.com/travel/where-is/tondi-punjab-pakistan-located.html
Chola
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=pakistan&city=Chola&id=25951&lang
Konkar
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=pakistan&city=Konkar&id=71048&lang
http://www.brahui.net/
Kunru
http://www.islamicfinder.org/prayerDetail.php?country=pakistan&city=kunru&state&zipcode&lang=english
4. "KVT Complex" in Indus-Harappan Regions
4.1 Place names Korkay, Gorkay (Afghansitan), Gorkai, Gorkhai, Vanji, Tondi, Matrai, Urai, Kudal Garh, and Koli of Pakistan probably represent the prehistoric footprints of the names of capital towns and ports of Caṅkam age.
4.2 Place names Ambar, Toti, Tonri, Ilam, Kachi, Kakai, Kanam, Kalar, Kong, Nalai, Neri, Pothi, Por, Malli, Mantoi, Moshe, Wallar, Wakai, Vani, Milai and Kandir of modern Pakistan have their exact replicas as place names in Caṅkam texts.
4.3 It is a common phenomenon that river names occur as toponyms. Place names Kawri, Porni and Poruns of Afghanistan and Kaweri Wala, Phornai, Puronai, Khariaro of Pakistan are comparable with the river names attested in Caṅkam texts. Korkai again is the name of a river in Pakistan. Pohru is the name of a tributary of Jhelum River in Pakistan and it evokes the memories of the name of the submerged river i.e 'Pakruli' attested in the Caṅkam texts.
4.4 Similarly, the toponyms Podineh, Parambu Darrahe and Awi (Afghanistan); Potiyan, Palani, Toti (Pakistan) are comparable with the ancient Tamil hills. The place name Potikeh of Iran where many other toponymic foot prints of ancient Tamil place names can be found remind us of Potikai mountain of Caṅkam texts.
4.5 Place names Karka, Wen, Kudam, Kutta, Sidha, Malai, Talai and Pongar wali of Pakistan invite valid comparison with the names of Tamil dialect regions referred to in ancient Tamil texts and commentaries.
4.6 Place names such as Malai, Kodu, Kunru, Warai, Mudi, Parai, Sunai, Enal, Kadu, Kanam, Pulai, Purai, Adawiy, Aru, Yaru, Kalani, Manal, Nilam, Nilai, Tarai, Teru, Manai, Tirai, Kalari, Palai, Suram and Kurumbai occur as mono-word place names in Indus-Harappan regions and beyond. These names are the exact parallels of generic terms assigned to various geographical features associated with different geo-physical regions referred to in the Cankam texts. place name generics such as Malai, Kodu, Warai, Kunru and so on as mentioned above occurring as mono-word place name without any prefix is indicative of antiquity and direction of name-flow.
5. Migrants from KVT Complex carried their place names as their personal names
5.1 Alexander Beider who has done an extensive study on Jewish surnames says that appellations based on place names are formed not from the name of locality where the person lives, but from the name of the locality from which he came. In the context of migrations out of Indus-Harappan area (identified as Meluhha in Sumerian texts), Asko Parpola informs about the migrants from Meluhha who had integrated in Mesopotamian society had carried the name Meluhha as not only a place name but also as personal name (Parpola 1994).
5.2 If we assume that the Dravidians of Indus- Harappan areas during the decline or after the collapse of the civilization migrated to other parts of India particularly towards Gujarat, Maharashtra and from there to southern India we can very well assume that they would have carried their existing place names as their place names in the new locations and also as their personal names. We have already seen the evidence of identical place names that are common to the KVT Complex of Indus-Harappan regions and Caṅkam texts. Then what about KVT place names becoming personal names? It seems they did.
6. Indus-Harappan Place names as ethnonyms and personal names in Caṅkam Texts
6.1 Place names Ayar, Marawar, Kalamar, Konkar, Andar, Kalai, Panar, Dhudian and Ariwala of Pakistan could be indicative of the exact names attested as tribe names in Caṅkam texts. It is relevant to recollect George R. Stewart's observation that 'many tribal names are certainly derived from place-names.' (Stewart 1975)
6.2 The place names such as Ceran, Seran, Seran Wali,Seral, Chola, Cholara landi, Pandi, Pandiar, Pandian Wala, Porai, Kotai, Udian, Udhiar, Kutwan Nala, Kutvar, Valudi, Killi, Chelian Wala, Maran, Karikalan, Garigal, Sibi, Kavera, Manak, Killi, Kalangai, Mandaran Wala etc., bear evidence to the suggestion that the genesis of the names of tribes, dynasties, surnames and personal names of Caṅkam kings can be traced to their toponymic origin in the north-western geographies.
6.3 What is true of Royal names is equally true of clan names and personal names of the chieftains of Caṅkam texts as well. Place names Titian, Panni, Nalli, Kodan, Pari, Pittan, Pindan, Matti, Muwan, Kati, Udian in the Indus Harappan regions and other areas of modern Pakistan are indicative of the trend. Place names such as Adiyaman, Adiaman, Nedaman, Anni, Minzli, Velian and Pegan of Iran; Anji, Chatan, Atan of Afghanistan provide tell-tale markers for the trajectories of ancient migrations.
