Tata Institute for Fundamental Research ( TIFR ) :
One great mind conceived it , another gave it shape. Together, the two gifted India an institute that has bred internationally acclaimed scientists for over half a century now. The story dates back to 1943 when theoretical physicist
Dr Homi Jehangir Bhaba requested industrial giant Dr J.R.D Tata's support for establishing an institution that would encourage research in science. He obliged, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) was set up in 1945.
Recognised by the central government as the National Centre for Nuclear Science and Mathematics, TIFR falls under the purview of the Department of Atomic Energy, which is also its funding body. In 2003, it was granted the status of a deemed university, the culmination of a string of landmark achievements.
Among TIFR's success stories are the installation of the world's largest giant metre wave radio telescope (GMRT) near Pune, making India's first digital computer in 1957 and instituting the Bhaba Atomic Research Centre in Mumbai.
Indian Institute of Science ( IISc. ) :
Indian Institute of Science (
IISc) is a public university for scientific research and higher education located in
Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore),
India. Established in 1899 with active support from
Jamshetji Tata it is also locally known as the
"Tata Institute". It acquired the status of a
Deemed University in 1958. IISc is widely regarded as India's finest institution in its field, and has made significant contribution to advanced computing, space, and nuclear technologies.
After an accidental meeting between
Jamsetji N. Tata and
Swami Vivekananda on a ship in 1893 where they discussed Tata's plan of bringing the steel industry to India, Tata wrote to Vivekananda five years later:
“ I trust, you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your voyage from Japan to Chicago. I very much recall at this moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in India... I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme of Research Institute of Science for India, of which you have doubtless heard or read ”
Impressed by Vivekananda's views on science and leadership abilities, Tata wanted him to guide his campaign. Vivekananda endorsed the project with enthusiasm, and Tata, with the aim of advancing the scientific capabilities of the country, constituted a Provisional Committee to prepare a plan for setting up of an Institute of research and higher education. The committee presented a draft proposal to
Lord Curzon on 31 December 1898.
Subsequently,
Prof. Sir William Ramsay, a
Nobel Laureate, was called on to propose a suitable place for such an institution who suggested
Bangalore as the best location.
The land and other facilities for the institution were donated by
H.H. Sir Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, the
Maharaja of Mysore (a
Princely State now called State of
Karnataka), and Tata himself. The Maharaja donated about 400 acres (1.6 km2) of land worth 2 billion US dollars today.Tata gave several buildings towards the creation of IISc.
The constitution of the Institute was approved by the
Viceroy,
Lord Minto, and the necessary Vesting Order to enable it to function was signed on 27 May 1909. Early in 1911, the
Maharaja of Mysore laid the foundation stone of the Institute, and on 24 July, the first batch of students were admitted in the Departments of General and Applied Chemistry under Norman Rudolf and Electro-Technology under Alferd Hay. Within two months, the Department of Organic Chemistry was opened. With the establishment of the University Grants Commission in 1956, the Institute came under its purview as a deemed university.
At the time of the inception of IISc in 1909,
Morris Travers,
Sir William Ramsay's co-worker in the discovery of the noble gases, became its first Director. For Travers, this was a natural continuation of his work on the Institute, since he had played a role in its founding. The first
Indian Director was the Nobel Laureate
Sir C.V. Raman. Raman was the Indian Science based Nobel Laureate.The current Director is
Anurag Kumar.
The Institute was the first to introduce masters programmes in engineering. It has also started integrated Ph.D. programmes in Biological, Chemical, Physical and Mathematical Sciences for science graduates.
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
The Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) is one of India's premier nuclear research centres. The centre is engaged in a broad-based multidisciplinary programme of scientific research and advanced engineering directed towards the development of Fast Breeder Reactor technology. The Reactor Research Centre set up at Kalpakkam, India, 80 km south of Chennai in 1971 under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was renamed Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) in 1985.
Bhabha Atomic Research Center ( BARC ) :
The
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (
BARC) (
Hindi: भाभा परमाणु अनुसन्धान केंद्र
Bhābhā Paramānu Anusandhān Kendra) is
India's premier
nuclear research facility based in Trombay,
Mumbai. BARC is a multi-disciplinary research centre with extensive infrastructure for advanced research and development covering the entire spectrum of
nuclear science,
engineering and related areas.
BARC's core mandate is to sustain peaceful applications of nuclear energy, primarily for power generation. It manages all facets of nuclear power generation, from theoretical design of reactors, computerised modelling and simulation, risk analysis, development and testing of new reactor fuel materials, etc. It also conducts research in spent fuel processing, and safe disposal of nuclear waste. Its other research focus areas are applications for isotopes in industries, medicine, agriculture, etc. BARC operates a number of
research reactors across the country.
The primary importance of BARC is as a research centre. The BARC and the Indian government has consistently maintained that the reactors are used for this purpose only: Apsara (1956; named by the then Prime Minister of India,
Jawaharlal Nehru when he likened the blue
Cerenkov radiation to the beauty of the
Apsaras (
Indra's court dancers),
CIRUS (1960; the "Canada-India Reactor" with assistance from Canada), the now-defunct ZERLINA (1961; Zero Energy Reactor for Lattice Investigations and Neutron Assay), Purnima I (1972), Purnima II (1984),
Dhruva (1985), Purnima III (1990), and
KAMINI.
The plutonium used in India's 1974
Smiling Buddha nuclear test came from CIRUS. The 1974 test (and the 1998 tests that followed) gave Indian scientists the technological know-how and confidence not only to develop nuclear fuel for future reactors to be used in power generation and research, but also the capacity to refine the same fuel into weapons-grade fuel to be used in the development of nuclear weapons.
BARC also designed and built India's first Pressurised water reactor at Kalpakkam, a 80MW land based prototype of INS ARIHANT's nuclear power unit, as well as the Arihant's propulsion reactor.
Indian Institute of Technology ( IITs ) :
The
Indian Institutes of Technology (
IITs) are a group of autonomous
public engineering and management institutes of India. The IITs are governed by the
Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 which has declared them as "
institutions of national importance", and lays down their powers, duties, framework for governance etc.
[1][2] The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists sixteen institutes located at Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mandi, Mumbai, Patna, Ropar, Roorkee and Varanasi. Each IIT is an autonomous institution, linked to the others through a common IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The IITs award degrees ranging from
B.Tech to
PhD.
The IITs have a common admission process for undergraduate admissions. It was called
IIT-JEE, which was replaced by
Joint Entrance Examination in 2013. The post-graduate level program that awards
M.Tech degree in engineering is administered by the older IITs (Kharagpur, Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, Delhi, Roorkee, Varanasi, Guwahati). M.Tech admission is done on the basis of
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). In addition to B.Tech and M.Tech programs IITs also award other graduate degrees such as M.Sc in Engineering, Maths, Physics and Chemistry, MBA, PhD etc. Admission to these programs of IITs is done through
Common Admission Test(CAT),
Joint Admission Test for Masters (JAM) and Common Entrance Examination for Design (CEED)
Research Center Imarat ( RCI ) :
Research Centre Imarat has been established in a sprawling campus of 2100 acres, in Hyderabad. Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabhudin Abdul Kalam is the founder Director of Research Centre Imarat (RCI). The former Prime Minister Late Shri Rajiv Gandhi laid the foundation stone of Research Centre Imarat on 3rd August 1985 and was inaugurated by the former President of India, His Excellency, Shri R. Venkataraman on 27th August 1988. The area has been named as ‘VIGNYANA KANCHA’.
Research Centre Imarat, the premier institution of Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) has been established to design and develop world class, state-of-the-art technologies which will produce precise and reliable indigenous weapon systems to strengthen country’s Armed Forces. RCI is pursuing research on Navigation, Control & Guidance, Imaging Infrared & Radio Frequency seekers, batteries and flight instrumentation technology areas. The other technology areas include Electrical and Mechanical Integration of systems and Reliability and Quality Assurance. RCI has also set up Environmental and EMI/EMC test facilities for Qualification and Acceptance testing of the mechanical and electrical airborne hardware.
VISION
To be the leader in the development of Guided Systems for our Armed Forces by developing the Frontier Technologies, multi-disciplinary competence and Avant-garde Infrastructure leading to self-reliance.
MISSION
Be a premier institute for developing Frontier Technologies in collaboration with Academic Institutions & industry. Foster Human Resources for professional Excellence, organise for the induction and production of the guided systems on to the Armed forces.
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