The worst is yet to come, if India can't build a strong manufacturing base which hires tens of millions people like China does, the massive unemployment will strike India hard in the next decade.
India is divided into various administrative zones, 6 in total. West and South are more developed and have very low birth rates. Northeast and East are underdeveloped but with acceptable birth rates. North is both developed and underdeveloped with acceptable and high birth rates depending on the state. And Central is extremely undeveloped, with a very high birth rate. So the more developed parts of India can easily absorb the problems of the underdeveloped parts of India.
Developed parts of India are doing pretty good. Here's an example:
https://www.business-standard.com/a...ka-in-four-years-minister-117112300962_1.html
"In the past four years,
Karnataka has generated about 12.03 lakh jobs in the micro, small and medium enterprises sector and about 1.88 lakh jobs in the large industries sector. Another 5.79 lakh jobs are in the pipeline," he said at the Vendor Development and Investors Summit 2017 being held here.
The numbers are 1.2 million, 0.188 million and 0.579 million.
And this is from one state with only 61 million people, where Bangalore is the capital. And it's not the best job creator among all the top states either. Many other developed states are growing between 8% and 13%. Since we don't have hukou, we do not really need uniform job creation, people will just migrate.
About migration, and staying true to the thread topic, here's some interesting facts.
China. Likely from 2014.
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/18/c_135021027.htm
About 2.5 billion passengers traveled by train last year, up 10 percent for the third year running.
India. Look at the non-suburban numbers for 2014.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/741303/india-non-suburban-rail-passenger-traffic/
That's 3.88 billion passengers in 2014. This is how it works in a non-hukou country. Also note that unlike China, ticketless travel is rampant in India, so 3.88 billion is just the ones with tickets. Migration works in India and our rail infrastructure can handle much more than China's does.
If you are really concerned about population being a problem, then you should look at Pakistan. Their birth rate is higher than India's and their GDP growth is minuscule. And they do not have any developed areas that can absorb their excess population like India does.
Population wise, quality over quantity. China's one child policy only was only implemented in big cities ,not in rural population or small cities and towns, it's not uncommon to see people from provinces have several siblings in China, this one child policy was way exaggerated by the western media.
You should read up more about rural China. Use a VPN and get proper information if you have to.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/5-things-to-know-about-china-s-1-child-policy-1.3294335
One Child policy was only slightly lax in rural areas compared to urban areas.