INDIA'S ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM "BUK-MB": DEEP MODERNIZATION

[Major Shaitan Singh]

Local wars beginning of the XXI century with the use of aviation and air defense systems clearly show that the anti-aircraft missile systems, developed in the 70s - 80s of the last century remain an effective means of combating all existing classes of air attack. However, the rapid development of electronics led to the rapid aging of components and eliminating obsolete elements of radio equipment. Therefore, many of the country, along with the development of new weapons pay much attention to the modernization of standing armed SAM as the fastest, most effective and least costly solution to the problem of maintaining the effectiveness of the air defense system at the required level.

OLD WORKSTATION

NEW Workstations SDA 9A310MB




Charging installation launcher (ROM) 9A39MB

ROM workstations 9A39MB



Workstations crank "Redoubt"

Electronic simulator SAM "Buk-MB"

Modernization of the anti-aircraft missile system 9K37M1 "Buk-M1", put into service more than 30 years ago, to the level of "Buk-MB" is no exception to the general trend of the development of air defense. The main objectives of deep modernization of SAM "Buk-M1" were:

• the extension of the operation of combat equipment at least 15 years of age;

• Improving the performance characteristics of the main elements and increase the combat effectiveness of SAM "Buk" (to the level of "Buk M1-2");

• improved performance (increasing the trouble of fighting vehicles and their maintainability).

To achieve these goals in a short time the Belarusian enterprise "OKB TSP" in close cooperation with a number of Russian enterprises and other countries much has been done, based on the introduction of innovative technologies in the development, design and manufacture of equipment for the updated anti-aircraft missile system. Contents of this work includes the following main areas:

• The first and the main line - it is a translation of electronic equipment combat weapons complex to new components highly integrated with the use of solid-state devices in the RF path, means of digital signal processing and processor technologies. It is possible to reduce the range of spare elements to reduce the size and hardware modules to reduce their power consumption.

• Use special signal processing algorithms has improved the performance characteristics of radar-propelled fire installation, and developed a local area network provides not only reliable operation of all systems and automatic diagnostics equipment.

• for all weapons of war developed new workstations with LCD monitors and digital displays, which can significantly improve the ergonomics of combat work calculations, as well as provide them with training and objective control work.

• The modernization of weapons of war complex enterprise specialists newly developed more than one hundred new units, units and systems in the tests showed good functional properties and high reliability. Means of detection, target tracking and missile launch ensure efficient operation in terms of radio interference class recognition purposes according to their acoustic portrait, automatic target tracking new optoelectronic system, and application of all types of missiles, including the 9M38, 9M38M1, 9M317.

• in the complex equipment including modern digital communication systems and data to ensure reliable communication between the elements SAM and pair it with ACS and radar. Elements of the complex are equipped with a digital navigation system of its own design company that provides positioning means of combat, using data from the systems GPS, GLONASS, as well as in stand-alone mode.

• a second area of work when upgrading SAM was overhaul of crawlers and launchers. Complete replacement of components and assemblies almost completely restore the operating life of combat weapons complex.

• the third direction of the modernization was the adjustment of the composition of elements SAM. So, instead of target detection 9S18M1 station in the tri introduced SAM radar UHF 80K6M having higher intelligence capabilities and performance.

• for the first time in the SAM integrated automation of command and control in the form of command and staff vehicles (CSV) and Brigadier-division level. CSV "Redoubt" provide groupware officials brigade headquarters and divisions, as in the preparatory phase (planning), and in the course of hostilities. Equipped with automated decision support and planning military operations, crank can significantly improve the efficiency of management (2-3 times to reduce the control loop subordinate units) and a 10-15% increase in the effectiveness of their fighting.

• To increase the level of training of the SAM calculations introduced a newly developed electronic simulator that provides a high level of individual training, as well as teamwork training calculations MODU JMA ROM without using moto agents.

Translation of electronic equipment to new components required the development of a completely new means of maintenance and repair, which amounted to a fourth area of work to modernize the air defense system.

Specialists of the company developed a tiered structure of the maintenance and repair, including:

I train (at the level of the calculation of combat vehicles) - built-in RAS, SDA and ROM individual diagnostics, functional control and a single set of spare parts;

II train (at the level of division) - Group funds for maintenance and repair. Machine maintenance, providing measurement and parameter setting of electronic equipment, as well as maintenance of track and automotive equipment in their places of intensive use;

III train (at the level of brigade) - Group funds for repair and maintenance of electronic equipment PBU, SDA, ROM, and Surface-to-air missile.

In addition, as part of the maintenance and repair of second and third tier includes newly developed means of power supply (PES-100MB, MDP-2MB), Group set of spare parts and other means.

Thus, as a result of modernization created a virtually new air defense missile system, which by its characteristics is not inferior to SAM "Buk-M1-2" and in terms of price / quality has a significant advantage. SAM "Buk-MB" has a high combat and operational properties, which are confirmed by test results, firings and during its use as intended.

The performance characteristics of the JMA 9A310 MB

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

The Buk M2E / SA-17 Grizzly 9A317 TELAR is equipped with the new NIIP 9S36 passive phased array engagement radar, which provides the capability to concurrently track and illuminate multiple targets for the four 9M317 Grizzly SAM rounds. The TELARs are typically each paired with a 9A316 TEL/Transloader. Note the electrooptical tracker above the antenna aperture (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).

• Background
  • 9S35/9S35M1 Fire Dome and 9S36 Engagement Radars
  • 9S18M/M1 Snow Drift and 9S117 Acquisition Radars
  • Novator 9M37-1/9M38/9M38M1 and DNPP 9M317E Surface to Air Missile
  • Production and Exports
• 9K37 Technical Data
  • 9K37 Launch Footage
• 9K37 Battery Components
  • 9A310M1 Transporter Erector Launcher And Radar
  • 9A317E Transporter Erector Launcher And Radar
  • 9A39M1 Transporter Erector Launcher/Transloader
  • 9S36 Low Altitude Acquisition/Engagement Radar
  • NIIP 9S18M1 Snow Drift Acquisition Radar
  • 9S470 Self Propelled Command Post
  • 9T31M1 Self Propelled Crane
• Block Upgrades / New Variants
  • 9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922
  • 9K317E Buk M2E / KrAZ-260 Towed System
  • GNPO Agat 9K37MB Buk MB
• References/Sources

Background
The 9K37 Buk / SA-11 Gadfly was developed to fill two compatible basic requirements, the first being to provide a replacement for the 1960s developed 2K12 Kub / 2K12 / SA-6 GainfulSurface to Air Missile system, the second being the provision of a common missile round for the M-22 Uragan / SA-N-7 Gadfly Surface to Air Missile system for medium sized naval surface combatants.

Key design imperatives were to provide a design with a better capability to engage multiple targets compared to the 2K12 / SA-6 Gainful, with an easier to maintain weapon system and missile round, with improved kinematic performance, improved countermeasures resistance, and a capability against 10 to 12G manoevring targets, and TBMs such as the Lance.

Development was initiated early in 1972, with Tikhomirov NIIP responsible for system design, and Novator, at that stage engaged in the development of the 9M82/9M83 / SA-12 missile round, tasked with developing the new missile. Agat were tasked with developing a new semi-active homing radar seeker.

The 2K12M4 Kub M4 was a Gainful variant which was for all intents and purposes a compatible hybrid with the 9K39 Buk / SA-11 Gadfly. Depicted a 9A38 TEL with 9S35 Fire Dome track/illuminate radar and 3M9M3 rounds. The TELAR can be fitted with either three launch rails for the 3M9M3 or four rails for the 9M38 (RuMoD image).
The development process was split into two phases to accelerate the deployment of the new missile and engagement radar, with the hybrid 2K12M4 system using the 1S91 Straight Flush, and a new 9A38 TELAR replacing the 2P25M3. The new design departed fundamentally from the 2K12 / SA-6 Gainful in system configuration, as each TELAR was equipped with a 9S35 Fire Dome engagement radar, which provided tracking and CW illumination for the missile seekers. The newer Metrovagonmash GM-569 series chassis was adopted.

This design strategy removed the fundamental bottleneck in the firing rate of the 2K12 / SA-6 Gainful, where every TEL depended on the fine tracking and illumination provided by the 1S91 Straight Flush. The 2K12M4 hybrid, armed with either 3M9M4 or 9K37-1 missile rounds, would not suffer target saturation in the manner of earlier variants. This strategy of using a tracking nd illuminating radar on each TELAR remains unique to Soviet/Russian Army Air Defence SAMs, also used with the S-300V / SA-12 Giant/Gladiator system and its 9A82/9A83 TELARs. the 9S35 Fire Dome illuminator was thus compatible with the 1SB4M missile seeker, and compatible datalink terminals were required. This variant attained IOC in 1978.

The cross compatibility between the 9K37 and 2K12 systems continues to be reflected in various contemporary block upgrades which involve the retrofit of 9K37 components into 2K12 systems, including the newer missile rounds.

1S18 Kupol / Tube Arm acquisition radar (Vestnik PVO).

The second phase of the development resulted in the new 9S470 self propelled command post, the 9S18 Kupol / Tube Arm acquisition radar, the 9A39 TELAR, and the 9A310 TEL/transloader designs, forming the new 9K37-1 Buk / SA-11 Gadfly system. The battery structure was also a departure from the 2K12 model, with the 9S18 Kupol / Tube Arm acquisition radar and 9S470 command post structure much closer in concept to that used in the S-300V / SA-12 with its 9S15 Bill Board acquisition radar and 9S457 command post. All system components were designed, like the S-300V / SA-12, to shoot and scoot in five minutes. IOC was achieved in 1980.

While the new system design provided many performance improvements over the 2K12 / SA-6 Gainful, and permitted a greater rate of fire, the system did not perform well against TBMs, anti-radiation missiles, cruise missiles and anti-tank helicopters in hover. Development of the improved 9M37M1 Buk M1 variant commenced in 1979 and IOC was achieved in 1983. The 9M37M1 Buk M1 variant has been exported.

The new variant introduced a range of incremental improvements to system components, resulting in the 9S470M1 command post, the 9A310M1 TELAR with improved 9S35M1 Fire Dome and 9Sh38-3 electro-optical tracker, the 9A39M1 TEL/transloader, and the entirely new 9S18M1 Kupol M1 / Snow Drift engagement radar. The Snow Drift was a radical departure from the Tube Arm, and used similar planar array antenna technology to the 9S15 Bill Board series.

The end of the Cold War saw the 9K37M1 in production, and development of the follow-on 9K37M1-2 Buk M1-2 was initiated during the later 1990s. This variant was intented to expand the target set further, to encompass strategic and tactical aircraft, helicopters in hover, cruise missiles, tactical ballistic missiles, air to surface missiles, precision-guided munitions, maritime surface targets, and high value ground targets. The latter was to include parked aircraft on airfields, missile launchers and command posts.

This variant introduced a substantially new missile round design, the 9M317 designed by DNPP. It uses a redesigned semi-active homing seeker using P-nav, a midcourse guidance datalink channel, inertial navigation system, more capable proximity and contact fusing, and a more lethal combined effects warhead. A dual pulse motor is employed. The new missile is described as multirole, due to the range of target types it is intended to kill. It is claimed to be capable to intercepting a 12G target.

The most recent variant of this family of weapons is the 9K317 Buk M2 / SA-17 Grizzly, exported as the 9K317E Ural. This variant incorporates some of the most prominent design changes to date. A new 8 round 9A316 TEL/Transloader has been introduced. The new fully autonomous 9A317 TELAR is equipped with a 9S36 passive phased array antenna equipped radar, replacing the mechanically steered antenna in earlier 9S35 Fire Dome equipped TELARs. This is intended to provide the capability to concurrently engage four targets with a single TELAR, and improve countermeasures resistance. A more basic TELAR, the 9A318, is also provided. The baseline 9S18M series acquisition radar is replaced by the 9S117 Kupol M2E.

The most interesting component of this design is the standalone mast mounted 9S36 phased array, designed to provide extended low altitude and surface coverage, in air defence but also maritime coastal defence applications. This design uses a 21 metre telescoping and elevating mast which mounts a radar head with the 9S36. Each mast mounted 9S36 engagement radar controls a pair of 9A316 TEL/Transloaders.

The 9K317 Buk M2/M2E / SA-17 Grizzly is offered on the baseline tracked chassis, but also on the new wheeled 6 x 6 MZKT-6922 TELAR vehicle, in testing through 2010.

The Belarus integrator Agat, best known for designing command posts, is also offering the 9K39MB Buk MB, a digital block upgrade to the baseline 1980s analogue 9K39 Buk.
9S35/9S35M1 Fire Dome and 9S36 Engagement Radars
A more detailed discussion can be found under Engagement and Fire Control Radars.

9M38M1 Gadfly missile launch (Russian MoD).

9S18M/M1 Snow Drift and 9S117 Acquisition Radars
A more detailed discussion can be found under Search and Acquisition Radars.

Left: Agat 9E420 digital CW dual plane monopulse semiactive radar homing seeker for the 9M317 Grizzly missile. The unique antenna arrangement is inherited from the 3M9 / SA-6 Gainful series seekers (via Missiles.ru); right: Agat ARGS Slanets monopulse active radar homing seeker for the 9M317 Grizzly and 9M38M Gadfly missiles (Agat).

Detail of 9E420 SARH seeker, note the polarisation screen over the primary aperture (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).

Novator 9M38M1UR Gadfly cutaway training round. The guidance section and aft control servo sections are exposed (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

Novator 9M37-1/9M38/9M38M1 and DNPP 9M317E Surface to Air Missile
The Novator 9M37-1/9M38/9M38M1 Gadfly and DNPP 9M317E Grizzly missiles are direct equivalents in basic design to the US Raytheon RIM-66 Standard family of naval missiles. The Russian missiles are slightly larger, by 17% in length and in diameter, with all missiles within ~3% of each other in launch weight. Range performance of the Russian missiles is similar to the RIM-66B, and lesser than the RIM-66C, although this may in part reflect control laws employed. The 9M317E Grizzly missile employs a very different, higher span and shorter chord configuration, cruciform wing design compared to the earlier missiles.

As this weapon remains in production, detailed materials on its internal configuration and design features are generally scarce.

The nose of the missile mounts the monopulse semiactive radar homing seeker under a dielectric radome. In the 9M37-1 missile the seeker is a 9E47 Virazh, in the 9M37M a 9E47M, the 9M38 a 9E50, and the 9M38M1 a 9E50M1. The new 9M317 missile uses the digital 9E420 seeker. The antenna configuration of the latter appears virtually identical to the 1SB4M seeker in the late model 3M9M3 Gainful missile.

Agat have also offered the ARGS Slanets monopulse active radar homing seeker for all Buk family missiles. This 35 kg digital design has a 270 mm diameter planar array aperture and is claimed to be capable of acquiring a 5 m2 target at 70 km [Agat Missile Seekers].

Details of the missile proximity fuses and warheads, datalinks, autopilots and solid rocket motors have not been disclosed to date.

US Navy RIM-66C MR SM-2 Standard SAM. Mass 708 kg, Length 4.72 m, Diameter 0.343 m, Range ~40 nautical miles (US DoD).

Novator 9M38M1 Buk M1 Gadfly SAM. Mass 685 kg, Length 5.55 m, Diameter 0.4 m,Range ~19 nautical miles(Wikipedia image by Olli-Jukka Paloneva).

DNPP 9M317E Buk M2 Grizzly SAM. Mass 720 kg, Length 5.55 m, Diameter 0.4 m, Range ~24 nautical miles(image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).

Production and Exports
Exports of the 9K37 Buk / SA-11 Gadfly family of systems have been limited to date, largely reflecting the Soviet policy of first equipping frontline Soviet units with new equipment, then Warsaw Pact allies, and finally other client states. When the Soviet Union collapsed, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia inherited most of the existing Soviet inventory. Georgian 9K37 Buk / SA-11 Gadfly batteries were credited with a kill against a Russian Tu-22M3 Backfire C in 2008.

The naval variant of the system has been exported to India and China. Other cited exports include Finland (M1), Egypt (M1-2), Myanmar (M1-2), Serbia (M1-2), Syria, and Georgia (M1)
9A310M1 Transporter Erector Launcher And Radar

9S35M1 Fire Dome on Finnish Buk M1 system 9A310M1 TELAR (Wikipedia images by Olli-Jukka Paloneva).

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

9K37M1-2 Buk M1-2 9M317E Grizzly missiles on TELAR (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).

9A317E Transporter Erector Launcher And Radar

Buk M2E / SA-17 Grizzly 9A317 TELAR with new NIIP 9S36 Passive ESA Engagement Radar (image Said Aminov via Vestnik PVO).

Buk M2E / SA-17 Grizzly 9A317 TELAR in stowed configuration (image Russian Internet).

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

9A39M1 Transporter Erector Launcher/Transloader

The 9A39 Gadfly/Grizzly TEL / transloader follows the model established with the S-300V system, where the transloader can fire ready rounds but is dependent on a TELAR for tracking and illumination. Four ready rounds and four reloads are carried. Depicted an upgraded digital 9A39MB (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).
9S36 Low Altitude Acquisition/Engagement Radar

Mast mounted 9S36 low altitude acquisition and engagement radar for the Buk M2E. This design supplements the Snow Drift and TELAR mounted 9S36 radars with low altitude coverage to an extended radar horizon.
NIIP 9S18M1Snow Drift Acquisition Radar

9S18M1 Snow Drift (Wikipedia image).
9S470 Self Propelled Command Post

The fully mobile 9S470 series of battery command posts are integrated on the GM-579 series tracked chassis.

9T31M1 Self Propelled Crane

The 9T32M1 self-propelled crane is a late model of the standard loading crane used with 2K12 / SA-6 Gainful and 9K37M1 / SA-11 Gadfly batteries. The URAL-375 chassis is used. (Russian internet).
Block Upgrades / New Variants
9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922

9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922 TELAR and Transloader/Launcher prototypes at armoured vehicle proving ground open day in May, 2010 (© 2009 igor).

The proposal to rehost the Buk M2E / SA-17 Grizzly on a variant of the 6 x 6 MZKT-6922 chassis is intended to produce a high road mobility and low operating cost variant of the SAM system, compliant with the Russian policy change to wheeled vehicles for SAM systems. Developmental vehicles have been photographed during at least one display, but operational production hardware has yet to be photographed. The production design will be based on the later MZKT-6922 vehicle variant rather than the earlier MZKT-6922 vehicle variant used in the display models.

Above, below: 9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922 TELAR and Transloader/Launcher prototypes. The radome indicates the prototype is fitter with an obsoleted Buk M1 / SA-17 Grizzly turret. In the foreground is a Tor M2E prototype hosted on the earlier variant of the vehicle with the two piece windscreen (© 2009 igor).

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922 TELAR model at MAKS 2009 (© 2009 Vitaliy V. Kuzmin).

9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922 battery component models at Zhuhai 2010 (© 2010 Air Power Australia via Zhenguan Studio).

9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922 TELAR model at Zhuhai 2010 (© 2010 Air Power Australia via Zhenguan Studio).

9K317E Buk M2E / MZKT-6922 Transporter/Loader model at Zhuhai 2010 (© 2010 Air Power Australia via Zhenguan Studio).

9S18M1E Snow Drift hosted on the MZKT-9622 vehicle.

Buk M2E 9A317E TELAR with new engagement radar, hosted on MZKT-69222 vehicle.

Proposed wheeled configuration of the 9S18M1E for the Buk M2E hosted on the MZKT-96222 vehicle.

9S36 low altitude acquisition/engagement radar for the Buk M2E, carried on the MZKT-69222 wheeled chassis, stowed.

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

K317E Buk M2E / KrAZ-260 Towed System
The towed configuration of the Buk M2E does not appear to have progressed to prototyping and production. While the system is labelled as the Ural, which is a Buk M1-2 derivative for export, the inclusion of the mast mounted 9S36 acquisition/engagement radar suggests the system is the newer Buk M2E. Curiously the system includes the transloader / launcher, but not the TELAR with the autonomous engagement radar.

GNPO Agat 9K37MB Buk MB
All images © 2005, 2009 Miroslav Gyűrösi

Belarus systems integrator GNPO Agat displayed the 9K37MB Buk MB system at the Milex 2005 exhibition. The Buk MB is a digital systems retrofit performed on the 9K37-1/9K37M1 / SA-11 Gadfly, replacing the 1980s technology systems in the 9S470 command post, the 9A39 TEL/TL and 9A310 TELAR, and relifing other system components. The upgraded system components have been designated the 9S470MB, 9A39MB and 9A310MB. The Soviet era CRT displays have been replaced with LCD panels, a laser rangefinder has been added to the 9Sh38-3 EO system to provide range known firing solutions, and the fully digital command post has been more tightly integrated with the Agat 9S52M1RB Polyana DM sector command post.

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

References/Sources

1. Said Aminov, Vestnik PVO, URL: http://pvo.guns.ru
2. Александр Клочков, Зенитный ракетный комплекс "Бук", RusArmy.com, URL:RusArmy.com - Зенитный ракетный комплекс "Бук"
3. 9К37 "Бук", URL: Зенитный ракетный комплекс 9К37 Бук | Ракетная техника
4. Miroslav Gyurosi "Belarus displays upgraded Buk-MB system". JANE'S MISSILES AND ROCKETS - SEPTEMBER 01, 2005.
5. День Военного Автомобилиста на бронницком полигоне,юбилей: 100лет!!!, 31st May, 2010, URI:http://igor113.livejournal.com/77878.html.

 

[he-man]

In nutshell,,the improvements..........

Performance data

 

[C130]

nice system

 

[he-man]

nice system

This one(older series and not mb) allegedly shot down the plane over ukraine

 

[Major Shaitan Singh]

New Delhi: Long before a deal for the supply of S-400 Air Defence System was concluded between Russia and India , Russian officials on sidelines of Defexpo 2016 held in Goa earlier this year had confirmed to author that Russia has offered to supply Buk-M2E air defence missile system to India.

Officials of Almaz-Antey had confirmed that upgraded Buk-M3 with 70 km range, which is 20kms more range than its predecessor was offered to India to work in tandem with S-400 long-range Air Defence System. Buk-M2 first developed in 1988, only entered serial production after 15 years is considered one of the finest weapons in its class.

Buk-M2E is multi-channel, multifunctional, highly mobile medium-range air defence missile system (ADMS) which is designed to engage tactical and strategic aviation aircraft,cruise missiles.helicopters . Buk-M2E is capable of working independently or as a part of air defence formation under Air defence brigade automated command and control system along with S-400 systems or with Tor-M1.

When asked about how it is different from Indo-Israeli developed LR-SAM Air Defence System, Almaz-Antey officials claimed that ADMS provides highly effective air defence for troops on the move in any conditions and can provide 24 hours ,all weather around the clock operation. while it can continuously provide high mobility and comes with excellent cross-country capabilities.

70 km ranged upgraded Buk-M3 can also be used for guarding administrative and industrial installations and was in the news when Buk-M2E was used to bring down Malaysia Airlines MH17 near the town of Grabovo, in the Donetsk Region in eastern Ukraine, killing all 298 passengers and crew on-board. Buk battalion comes with one command vehicle, a target acquisition radar (TAR) vehicle, six transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) vehicles and three transporter erector launcher (TEL) vehicles.

Each TEL vehicle is a tracked chassis that carries one row of four ready-to-fire missiles in launch tubes, connected to a turntable style launcher assembly mounted on the rear of the vehicle. Each vehicle also has its own phased-array radar mounted on the turntable assembly. As for the missiles, each one weighs 710kg and measures 5.5m in length, with an explosive load of 180kg.

Now we do have BUK should we just upgrade instead of buying new.

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[Danish saleem]

its deadly

what its effective range? and accuracy.