The Road to 272
The 2014 general election will mark 30 years since a political party won a clear majority of 272 seats on its own in the Lok Sabha. Rajiv Gandhi achieved that for the Congress with over 400 seats in 1984. Since then, in 1989, 1991, 1996 and the four general elections that followed, no party has crossed 272 seats in parliament.
For 2014, most parties’ ambitions are modest. The Congress thinks 140 Lok Sabha seats will be enough to stitch together a “secular” UPA-3 coalition. The BJP reckons it needs 180 seats to do the same for NDA-3.
Let’s examine the Congress’s numbers first. Assuming it wins 140 seats, it will need another 132 seats from alliance partners. The NCP, NC and other smaller UPA allies can realistically provide at most 20 seats between them. UPA-3 would thus have 160 seats to begin with before it draws in more allies.
Start with Mulayam Singh Yadav’s Samajwadi Party and Mayawati’s BSP. Neither is a natural UPA ally but till the CBI obtains its Supreme Court-mandated independence both will remain vulnerable. Assume 25 seats in Uttar Pradesh to either of these two sworn enemies in the (unlikely) event of one tying up with the Congress in 2014.
Next is the DMK which can be weaned back but will contribute not much more than 10 Lok Sabha seats.
Neither the TMC nor the Left is likely to be part of UPA-3, given the current state of their relationship with the Congress.
Nitish Kumar’s JD(U), with 15-20 seats, is a possibility under certain circumstances as is YSR Congress or TRS with around 15 and 10 seats respectively.
Thus the projected UPA-3 tally of second-tier allies could look like this:
SP or BSP : 25
DMK : 10
JD(U) : 20
YSR : 15
TRS : 10
Others : 5
85
Add these 85 to the core UPA-3 number of 160 seats. The tally: 245 – well short of 272 even after assuming the Congress wins 140 seats on its own. This itself is a stretch in an environment where corruption will be electorally punished in the Lok Sabha as severely as it was punished in Karnataka.
What of the BJP? Conventional wisdom suggests it needs 180 seats versus the Congress’s 140 on account of its “untouchability” factor. This argument is contrived but let’s take it at face value for the purpose of this analysis.
My last party-wise, state-wise, seat-wise projection (Countdown to 2014 – or 2013?) gave the BJP 156 seats and the Congress 107. Subsequent polls by TimesNow–CVoter arrived at a roughly similar number (and placed the Congress at 113 seats).
The moot question: if Narendra Modi is projected as its Prime Ministerial candidate, could 190 seats be within reach for the BJP? Modi’s impact on voters outside Gujarat is largely unproven. What is more certain is that Modi as Prime Minister will galvanise the party cadre, urban voters (who account for 160 Lok Sabha seats), the middle-class, and (though he has never played the caste card) OBCs.
But to lift the BJP’s base from the projected 156 to 190 seats, where would those extra 34 seats come from? Clearly, from the Hindi heartland (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Delhi, Haryana, Uttarkhand and Punjab) and the West (Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa). Between these 10 states, 34 extra seats is a plausible target with the right campaign strategy.
Remember: the BJP won 182 seats in both 1998 and 1999, so 190 isn’t as much of a stretch as some suggest.
With a starting point of 190 for the BJP, where will NDA-3 find its 82 remaining seats? Around 30 would come from traditional allies – the Shiv Sena, SAD, AGP, HJC and others. With a base of 220, AIADMK with 25 seats and one of the Andhra Pradesh parties with 10 seats would take the NDA-3 tally to 255 – leaving it a tantalizing 17 seats short of an absolute majority in the Lok Sabha.
These could come from myriad small parties and independents but the cushion would be provided by either the BJD’s projected 18 seats in Odisha or the under-fire TMC’s likely 20-25 seats in West Bengal. Only one of these two parties would be necessary to take NDA-3 to 290+. Nitish Kumar’s JD(U), with its 20 or fewer seats in Bihar, would obviously not be part of this alliance.
The key issue is Modi’s pan-India appeal: can it deliver those crucial 30-plus seats beyond the projected 156 from the Hindi heartland and the West? Will Muslim polarisation and tactical voting against him affect this outcome significantly? How much of a difference will Hindu polarisation and Modi’s OBC/EBC caste make in the north?
On the other hand, assuming the BJP nominates LK Advani or Sushma Swaraj as its Prime Ministerial candidate, will the JD(U)’s 20 seats in Bihar make an NDA-3 more “acceptable” to a greater number of allies and therefore more plausible? Karnataka has demonstrated how devastating split votes can be. The BJP will think thrice before allowing such an eventuality in, say, Bihar.
The BJP leadership must confront all these imponderables as it weighs its options and works out various permutations. Karnataka has shown that voters will punish corrupt incumbent governments. The Congress is due to receive this punishment at the centre in 2014 – if a credible, united opposition alliance is in place.
The road to 272 by Head On : Minhaz Merchant's blog-The Times Of India