Indian Civilization, its contribution to Modern day Science and Philosopy

[Fattyacids]

You read The History of Civilization by Will and Ariel Durant ? I seriously doubt you did. If you did indeed read that work then you would need not pass the preface to see where the quote came from. From your posts, you don't dispute the factual validity of the quote. You just disputed the quote exists. That is why I suggested that you stop making an azz of yourself and am compelled to repeat my suggestion

Birds of the same feathers flock together, small wonder you're defending OP even when he can't provide valid sources.
Right now, you are making axx of yourself, India was the motherland of European and American?
Sanskrit was the mother of european language? Greek and Latin are non european?

 

[pk_baloch]

Did you get shocked by the truth.



Malayalee Hindus taught Arab Muslims how to make use of spices in their food. Don't be so shocked.

tumaree bewaqufi par heraan hun phir to mughals ko khana banana aur lavish dress aur muslims ko maps bana tum logon ne he seekhya hoga hahahhahahahhahahah

 

[INDIC]

Islamic Mathematics - The Story of Mathematics

ISLAMIC MATHEMATICS

The Islamic Empire established across Persia, the Middle East, Central Asia, North Africa, Iberia and parts of India from the 8th Century onwards made significant contributions towards mathematics. They were able to draw on and fuse together the mathematical developments of both Greece and India.

One consequence of the Islamic prohibition on depicting the human form was the extensive use of complex geometric patterns to decorate their buildings, raising mathematics to the form of an art. In fact, over time, Muslim artists discovered all the different forms of symmetry that can be depicted on a 2-dimensional surface.

The Qu’ran itself encouraged the accumulation of knowledge, and a Golden Age of Islamic science and mathematics flourished throughout the medieval period from the 9th to 15th Centuries. The House of Wisdom was set up in Baghdad around 810, and work started almost immediately on translating the major Greek and Indian mathematical and astronomy works into Arabic.

The outstanding Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi was an early Director of the House of Wisdom in the 9th Century, and one of the greatest of early Muslim mathematicians. Perhaps Al-Khwarizmi’s most important contribution to mathematics was his strong advocacy of the Hindu numerical system (1 - 9 and 0), which he recognized as having the power and efficiency needed to revolutionize Islamic (and, later, Western) mathematics, and which was soon adopted by the entire Islamic world, and later by Europe as well.

Al-Khwarizmi's other important contribution was algebra, and he introduced the fundamental algebraic methods of “reduction” and “balancing” and provided an exhaustive account of solving polynomial equations up to the second degree. In this way, he helped create the powerful abstract mathematical language still used across the world today, and allowed a much more general way of analyzing problems other than just the specific problems previously considered by the Indians and Chinese.

Binomial Theorem



The 10th Century Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Karaji worked to extend algebra still further, freeing it from its geometrical heritage, and introduced the theory of algebraic calculus. Al-Karaji was the first to use the method of proof by mathematical induction to prove his results, by proving that the first statement in an infinite sequence of statements is true, and then proving that, if any one statement in the sequence is true, then so is the next one.

Among other things, Al-Karaji used mathematical induction to prove the binomial theorem. A binomial is a simple type of algebraic expression which has just two terms which are operated on only by addition, subtraction, multiplication and positive whole-number exponents, such as (x + y)2. The co-efficients needed when a binomial is expanded form a symmetrical triangle, usually referred to as Pascal’s Triangle after the 17th Century French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although many other mathematicians had studied it centuries before him in India, Persia, China and Italy, including Al-Karaji.

Some hundred years after Al-Karaji, Omar Khayyam (perhaps better known as a poet and the writer of the “Rubaiyat”, but an important mathematician and astronomer in his own right) generalized Indian methods for extracting square and cube roots to include fourth, fifth and higher roots in the early 12th Century. He carried out a systematic analysis of cubic problems, revealing there were actually several different sorts of cubic equations. Although he did in fact succeed in solving cubic equations, and although he is usually credited with identifying the foundations of algebraic geometry, he was held back from further advances by his inability to separate the algebra from the geometry, and a purely algebraic method for the solution of cubic equations had to wait another 500 years and the Italian mathematicians del Ferro and Tartaglia.

Al-Tusi was a pioneer in the field of spherical trigonometry



The 13th Century Persian astronomer, scientist and mathematician Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi was perhaps the first to treat trigonometry as a separate mathematical discipline, distinct from astronomy. Building on earlier work by Greek mathematicians such as Menelaus of Alexandria and Indian work on the sine function, he gave the first extensive exposition of spherical trigonometry, including listing the six distinct cases of a right triangle in spherical trigonometry. One of his major mathematical contributions was the formulation of the famous law of sines for plane triangles, a⁄(sin A) = b⁄(sin B) = c⁄(sin C), although the sine law for spherical triangles had been discovered earlier by the 10th Century Persians Abul Wafa Buzjani and Abu Nasr Mansur.

Other medieval Muslim mathematicians worthy of note include:
the 9th Century Arab Thabit ibn Qurra, who developed a general formula by which amicable numbers could be derived, re-discovered much later by both Fermat and Descartes(amicable numbers are pairs of numbers for which the sum of the divisors of one number equals the other number, e.g. the proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110, of which the sum is 284; and the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, and 142, of which the sum is 220);
the 10th Century Arab mathematician Abul Hasan al-Uqlidisi, who wrote the earliest surviving text showing the positional use of Arabic numerals, and particularly the use of decimals instead of fractions (e.g. 7.375 insead of 73⁄8);
the 10th Century Arab geometer Ibrahim ibn Sinan, who continued Archimedes' investigations of areas and volumes, as well as on tangents of a circle;
the 11th Century Persian Ibn al-Haytham (also known as Alhazen), who, in addition to his groundbreaking work on optics and physics, established the beginnings of the link between algebra and geometry, and devised what is now known as "Alhazen's problem" (he was the first mathematician to derive the formula for the sum of the fourth powers, using a method that is readily generalizable); and
the 13th Century Persian Kamal al-Din al-Farisi, who applied the theory of conic sections to solve optical problems, as well as pursuing work in number theory such as on amicable numbers, factorization and combinatorial methods;
the 13th Century Moroccan Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi, whose works included topics such as computing square roots and the theory of continued fractions, as well as the discovery of the first new pair of amicable numbers since ancient times (17,296 and 18,416, later re-discovered by Fermat) and the the first use of algebraic notation since Brahmagupta.


With the stifling influence of the Turkish Ottoman Empire from the 14th or 15th Century onwards, Islamic mathematics stagnated, and further developments moved to Europe.

 

[pk_baloch]

@INDIC bagdaD ilim ka khazana hua karta tha par indians ki waja se naee ..........hamare NOOH A.S BHI WAHE K THE ...DUNIYA KI PHELE SHIP NOAH NE BANAEE .........SHIP K BAGER MIGRATION ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER MUSHKIL THA ........BOHAT SE CHEZEEN HEIN JO MUSLIM NE KI HEIN U NEVER KNOW ....

 

[INDIC]

tumaree bewaqufi par heraan hun phir to mughals ko khana banana aur lavish dress aur muslims ko maps bana tum logon ne he seekhya hoga hahahhahahahhahahah

Arab ke Raygistan mein ya Central Asia aur Mongolia ke maidaan mein kaun sa masala ugaya jaata hai jo Mughal ya Arab humein masale ka istemaal sikhayenge. Arab Hinduon se masale ka istemaal sikh ke gaye the aur gosht ke sath try bhi kiya.

 

[Fattyacids]

Your Chinese Emperors sent people to India to learn from Indians.

Indians had to make political pilgrimage to China for Chinese emperor's approval on religious matter.

 

[INDIC]

@INDIC bagdaD ilim ka khazana hua karta tha par indians ki waja se naee ..........hamare NOOH A.S BHI WAHE K THE ...DUNIYA KI PHELE SHIP NOAH NE BANAEE .........SHIP K BAGER MIGRATION ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER MUSHKIL THA ........BOHAT SE CHEZEEN HEIN JO MUSLIM NE KI HEIN U NEVER KNOW ....

I posted you the link, their work was based on earlier contributions made by Indians.

 

[asad71]

The truth is that when the Muslims arrived, SA societies were largely pagan, uncivilized, practicing human sacrifice, and broken up variously into casts and creeds with ritual mambo jumbo to differentiate. We have brought civilization, light, architecture, education, law and governance.

 

[pk_baloch]

Arab ke Raygistan mein ya Central Asia aur Mongolia ke maidaan mein kaun sa masala ugaya jaata hai jo Mughal ya Arab humko masale ka istemaal sikhayenge. Arab Hinduon se masale ka istemaal sikh ke gaye the aur gosht ke sath try bhi kiya.

ARABS WERE NO MORE IDOL WORSHIPPER AFTER FLOOD BUT U PEOPLE OF GANGES MADE THEM IDOL WORSHPER AGAIN ...TUM LOGON NE BS YAHE SUIKHAYA PHIR SE UN LOGON KO .....YE HAQEEQAT HE

 

[angeldude13]

@INDIC bagdaD ilim ka khazana hua karta tha par indians ki waja se naee ..........hamare NOOH A.S BHI WAHE K THE ...DUNIYA KI PHELE SHIP NOAH NE BANAEE .........SHIP K BAGER MIGRATION ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER MUSHKIL THA ........BOHAT SE CHEZEEN HEIN JO MUSLIM NE KI HEIN U NEVER KNOW ....

listen mate we have similar stories in hinduism.
just the names are changed.you have noah and we have manu.

this doesn't mean you are hindu or i am muslims.
else you can believe whatever you like

 

[cloud_9]

Indian Civilization, its contribution to Modern day Science and Philosopy


I am opening this thread to remind people about the contribution done by the Great Indian civilization.Some of the works and advancements are done during Buddhist and Jain Rulers.

Quotes about India

Will Durant, American historian: "India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages: she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all".
Mark Twain, American author: "India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition. our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only."

Albert Einstein, American scientist: "We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made."

Max Mueller, German scholar: If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed some of its choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solutions, I should point to India.
Romain Rolland, French scholar : "If there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India."

Henry David Thoreau, American Thinker & Author: Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown light illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of sectarianism. It is of all ages, climbs, and nationalities and is the royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I read it, I feel that I am under the spangled heavens of a summer night.

R.W. Emerson, American Author: In the great books of India, an empire spoke to us, nothing small or unworthy, but large, serene, consistent, the voice of an old intelligence, which in another age and climate had pondered and thus disposed of the questions that exercise us.

Hu Shih, former Ambassador of China to USA: "India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border."

Keith Bellows, National Geographic Society : "There are some parts of the world that, once visited, get into your heart and won't go. For me, India is such a place. When I first visited, I was stunned by the richness of the land, by its lush beauty and exotic architecture, by its ability to overload the senses with the pure, concentrated intensity of its colors, smells, tastes, and sounds... I had been seeing the world in black & white and, when brought face-to-face with India, experienced everything re-rendered in brilliant technicolor."

A Rough Guide to India: "It is impossible not to be astonished by India. Nowhere on Earth does humanity present itself in such a dizzying, creative burst of cultures and religions, races and tongues. Enriched by successive waves of migration and marauders from distant lands, every one of them left an indelible imprint which was absorbed into the Indian way of life. Every aspect of the country presents itself on a massive, exaggerated scale, worthy in comparison only to the superlative mountains that overshadow it. It is this variety which provides a breathtaking ensemble for experiences that is uniquely Indian. Perhaps the only thing more difficult than to be indifferent to India would be to describe or understand India completely. There are perhaps very few nations in the world with the enormous variety that India has to offer. Modern day India represents the largest democracy in the world with a seamless picture of unity in diversity unparalleled anywhere else."

Mark Twain: "So far as I am able to judge, nothing has been left undone, either by man or nature, to make India the most extraordinary country that the sun visits on his rounds. Nothing seems to have been forgotten, nothing overlooked."

Will Durant, American Historian: "India will teach us the tolerance and gentleness of mature mind, understanding spirit and a unifying, pacifying love for all human beings."

William James, American Author: "From the Vedas we learn a practical art of surgery, medicine, music, house building under which mechanized art is included. They are encyclopedia of every aspect of life, culture, religion, science, ethics, law, cosmology and meteorology."

Max Muller, German Scholar: "There is no book in the world that is so thrilling, stirring and inspiring as the Upanishads." ('Sacred Books of the East')
Dr Arnold Toynbee, British Historian: "It is already becoming clear that a chapter which had a Western beginning will have to have an Indian ending if it is not to end in the self-destruction of the human race. At this supremely dangerous moment in history, the only way of salvation for mankind is the Indian way."

Sir William Jones, British Orientalist: "The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity is of wonderful structure, more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin and more exquisitely refined than either."

P. Johnstone: "Gravitation was known to the Hindus (Indians) before the birth of Newton. The system of blood circulation was discovered by them centuries before Harvey was heard of."

Emmelin Plunret: "They were very advanced Hindu astronomers in 6000 BC. Vedas contain an account of the dimension of Earth, Sun, Moon, Planets and Galaxies." ('Calendars and Constellations')

Sylvia Levi: "She (India) has left indelible imprints on one fourth of the human race in the course of a long succession of centuries. She has the right to reclaim ... her place amongst the great nations summarizing and symbolizing the spirit of humanity. From Persia to the Chinese sea, from the icy regions of Siberia to Islands of Java and Borneo, India has propagated her beliefs, her tales, and her civilization!"

Schopenhauer: "Vedas are the most rewarding and the most elevating book which can be possible in the world." (Works VI p.427)

Mark Twain: "India has two million gods, and worships them all. In religion all other countries are paupers; India is the only millionaire."

Colonel James Todd: "Where can we look for sages like those whose systems of philosophy were prototypes of those of Greece: to whose works Plato, Thales and Pythagorus were disciples? Where do I find astronomers whose knowledge of planetary systems yet excites wonder in Europe as well as the architects and sculptors whose works claim our admiration, and the musicians who could make the mind oscillate from joy to sorrow, from tears to smile with the change of modes and varied intonation?"

Lancelot Hogben: "There has been no more revolutionary contribution than the one which the Hindus (Indians) made when they invented ZERO." ('Mathematics for the Millions')

Wheeler Wilcox: "India - The land of Vedas, the remarkable works contain not only religious ideas for a perfect life, but also facts which science has proved true. Electricity, radium, electronics, airship, all were known to the seers who founded the Vedas."
W. Heisenberg, German Physicist: "After the conversations about Indian philosophy, some of the ideas of Quantum Physics that had seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense."

Sir W. Hunter, British Surgeon: "The surgery of the ancient Indian physicians was bold and skilful. A special branch of surgery was dedicated to rhinoplasty or operations for improving deformed ears, noses and forming new ones, which European surgeons have now borrowed."

Sir John Woodroffe: "An examination of Indian Vedic doctrines shows that it is in tune with the most advanced scientific and philosophical thought of the West."
B.G. Rele: "Our present knowledge of the nervous system fits in so accurately with the internal description of the human body given in the Vedas (5000 years ago). Then the question arises whether the Vedas are really religious books or books on anatomy of the nervous system and medicine." ('The Vedic Gods')

Adolf Seilachar & P.K. Bose, scientists: "One Billion-Year-Old fossil prove life began in India: AFP Washington reports in Science Magazine that German Scientist Adolf Seilachar and Indian Scientist P.K. Bose have unearthed fossil in Churhat a town in Madhya Pradesh, India which is 1.1 billion years old and has rolled back the evolutionary clock by more than 500 million years."
Will Durant, American Historian: "It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier India has sent to the west, such gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all numerals and the decimal system."
@neehar @KRAIT @Flamingo @seiko @ @kurup @oFFbEAT @bronxbull @danger007 @RISING SUN @Rajaraja Chola @sancho @Abingdonboy

The best quality gifted by the magical daddy to Indians,when you can not brag about the present....start bragging about your past.

But never stop bragging.

 

[pk_baloch]

I posted you the link, their work was based on earlier contributions made by Indians.

BABA MATHEMATICS KA JO ZERO HE WO VEDIC LOGON NE INVENT KIYA JO IVC log hein ganges naee

ACHA BUS CHOREN WE ARE PROUD WHAT WE ARE NOW AND WE ARE MUSLIMS AND PAKISTANIS .................

 

[angeldude13]

The truth is that when the Muslims arrived, SA societies were largely pagan, uncivilized, practicing human sacrifice, and broken up variously into casts and creeds with ritual mambo jumbo to differentiate. We have brought civilization, light, architecture, education, law and governance.

listen lapdog the truth is you are a wannabe arab kid

 

[INDIC]

We have brought civilization, light, architecture, education, law and governance.

Indians already had more advanced knowledge in these fields compared to these middle Easterns, your Caliphs invited Hindu scholars to learn these things from Indians, not Indians try to learn these things from Turks or Mughals.

 

[angeldude13]

BABA MATHEMATICS KA JO ZERO HE WO VEDIC LOGON NE INVENT KIYA JO IVC log hein ganges naee

ACHA BUS CHOREN WE ARE PROUD WHAT WE ARE NOW AND WE ARE MUSLIMS AND PAKISTANIS .................

you are losers who didn't knew how to hold weapons and fight for the land and women