History of Urbanization in India

[Cobra Arbok]

Hello everyone. I know its been a while since I have last posted a history related thread, but I was banned for a week by the wonderful moderation of this forum. Anyway, I am posting something a little different today. Instead of a brief overview of the history of one particular state, I am posting an overview of the evolution of urban settlements in modern-day India up until the late Mauryan period. As many of you know, India in general and the Gangetic Plains in particular has one of the oldest urban cultures in the world outside of the Middle East and the Mediteranean.(For more information, feel free to check out my thread on the evolution of civilization in North India).

Neolithic: Urbanization in modern-day India began in the Neolithic period with the pre-Indus valley settlement of Bhirrana. Located in modern day Haryana, it was likely founded around 7500 BC, and lasted until around 2800 BC, making it the first major urban settlement in South Asia. Below are some pictures of the City's layour.

Aerial View

A closer view of some of the streets.

An even closer view

http://www.mysteryofindia.com/2015/04/haryanas-bhirrana-oldest-harappan-site.html#respond
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhirrana

Indus Valley Civilization- Urban culture flourished in India during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization(3500 BC-1700 BC) Some of the most notable IVC cities in India include Lothal, Dholavira, Kalibangan, and Rakhigarhi. I have already discussed Lothal and Dholavira in my history of Gujaratis thread, so I will post some pictures of Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi.

Kalibangan- Kalibangan was a major city in modern-day Rajasthan's Hanumangarh district founded circa 3500 BC. It is most famous for likely being the site of the world's first ploughed field around 2800 BC.

The site of what was likely the world's first ploughed field

Kalibangan's western mound, known as "The Citadel"
Close up view of Kalibangan's streets and city planning.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibangan
https://www.tourism-of-india.com/kalibangan.html
https://www.harappa.com/blog/worlds-earliest-known-ploughed-field
Rakhigarhi- Rakhighari was a city in modern-day Haryana that was first founded as a settlement around 6500BC,and became a major urban center during the mature Harappan phase from 2600 BC to 1900 BC. The discovery of additional mounds in 2014 made increased its area to 350 Hectares, making it the largest IVC Site discovered. Here are some pictures.

The extent of Rakhigarhi's burial mounds. You can see the modern town of Rakhigari in the background.

TO BE CONTINUED
@Indus Pakistan @Taimur Khurram @Talwar e Pakistan @Taimoor Khan @Iqbal Ali @UnitedPak @Śakra @Cherokee @Tshering22 @third eye @Dalai Lama @suresh1773 @Soumitra @KapitaanAli @HariPrasad @Suriya @SOUTHie @GURU DUTT @Jackdaws @Peaceful Civilian @AyanRay @Novice09 @jaiind @KAL-EL @Turingsage @Papa Dragon @anant_s @GHALIB

 

[Place Of Space]

Impressive.

 

[UnitedPak]

Kalibangan's western mound, known as "The Citadel"

Close up view of Kalibangan's streets and city planning.

That's not Kalibangan. That's Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan.

But I see why you are confused when your own tourism boards are spreading fake news: https://www.tourism-of-india.com/kalibangan.html

Sad.
@Indus Pakistan

 

[Indus Pakistan]

Impressive.

No. The Indians are using images [fraudently] of Pakistani sites like Mohenjo Daro - below.

`

The India site is just a fragment of the Indus Civilization centred on the Indus River of Pakistan. Try using a objective measure like Google Earth to expose this fraud and you will see Rakhigiri is smaller than your lounge but Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan is larger then five footbal fields.


Pakistan - https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place...adb98b8c6b!8m2!3d27.3242933!4d68.135689?hl=en

India - https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place...59795dbed!8m2!3d29.2881189!4d76.1131495?hl=en

@Cobra Arbok I have given you a negative rating for posting evident untruths blatently like using image of Mohenjo Daro as a Indian site.

 

[Srinivas]

Ancient Indians are way smarter and visionaries than the current ones.

Hello everyone. I know its been a while since I have last posted a history related thread, but I was banned for a week by the wonderful moderation of this forum. Anyway, I am posting something a little different today. Instead of a brief overview of the history of one particular state, I am posting an overview of the evolution of urban settlements in modern-day India up until the late Mauryan period. As many of you know, India in general and the Gangetic Plains in particular has one of the oldest urban cultures in the world outside of the Middle East and the Mediteranean.(For more information, feel free to check out my thread on the evolution of civilization in North India).

Neolithic: Urbanization in modern-day India began in the Neolithic period with the pre-Indus valley settlement of Bhirrana. Located in modern day Haryana, it was likely founded around 7500 BC, and lasted until around 2800 BC, making it the first major urban settlement in South Asia. Below are some pictures of the City's layour.

Aerial View

A closer view of some of the streets.

An even closer view

http://www.mysteryofindia.com/2015/04/haryanas-bhirrana-oldest-harappan-site.html#respond
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhirrana

Indus Valley Civilization- Urban culture flourished in India during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization(3500 BC-1700 BC) Some of the most notable IVC cities in India include Lothal, Dholavira, Kalibangan, and Rakhigarhi. I have already discussed Lothal and Dholavira in my history of Gujaratis thread, so I will post some pictures of Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi.

Kalibangan- Kalibangan was a major city in modern-day Rajasthan's Hanumangarh district founded circa 3500 BC. It is most famous for likely being the site of the world's first ploughed field around 2800 BC.

The site of what was likely the world's first ploughed field

Kalibangan's western mound, known as "The Citadel"

Close up view of Kalibangan's streets and city planning.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibangan
https://www.tourism-of-india.com/kalibangan.html
https://www.harappa.com/blog/worlds-earliest-known-ploughed-field
Rakhigarhi- Rakhighari was a city in modern-day Haryana that was first founded as a settlement around 6500BC,and became a major urban center during the mature Harappan phase from 2600 BC to 1900 BC. The discovery of additional mounds in 2014 made increased its area to 350 Hectares, making it the largest IVC Site discovered. Here are some pictures.

The extent of Rakhigarhi's burial mounds. You can see the modern town of Rakhigari in the background.

TO BE CONTINUED
@Indus Pakistan @Taimur Khurram @Talwar e Pakistan @Taimoor Khan @Iqbal Ali @UnitedPak @Śakra @Cherokee @Tshering22 @third eye @Dalai Lama @suresh1773 @Soumitra @KapitaanAli @HariPrasad @Suriya @SOUTHie @GURU DUTT @Jackdaws @Peaceful Civilian @AyanRay @Novice09 @jaiind @KAL-EL @Turingsage @Papa Dragon @anant_s @GHALIB

 

[Rusty]

That's not Kalibangan. That's Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan.

But I see why you are confused when your own tourism boards are spreading fake news: https://www.tourism-of-india.com/kalibangan.html

Sad.
@Indus Pakistan

Is there any more evidence ever needed for how insecure these people are.
They are not even claiming Pakistani history, but the actual sites that are in Pakistan.

 

[Cobra Arbok]

No. The Indians are using images [fraudently] of Pakistani sites like Mohenjo Daro - below.

`

The India site is just a fragment of the Indus Civilization centred on the Indus River of Pakistan. Try using a objective measure like Google Earth to expose this fraud and you will see Rakhigiri is smaller than your lounge but Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan is larger then five footbal fields.


Pakistan - https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place...adb98b8c6b!8m2!3d27.3242933!4d68.135689?hl=en

India - https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place...59795dbed!8m2!3d29.2881189!4d76.1131495?hl=en

@Cobra Arbok I have given you a negative rating for posting evident untruths blatently
like using image of Mohenjo Daro as a Indian site.

I truly apologize if that is true. I simply used a photo I found on a rajasthan tourism website. I will delete it and find a new one.

That's not Kalibangan. That's Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan.

But I see why you are confused when your own tourism boards are spreading fake news: https://www.tourism-of-india.com/kalibangan.html

Sad.
@Indus Pakistan

I am sorry I should have double checked before posting. That wasn't the official Rajasthan site btw, which means it was probably a bad idea to post it.

Is there any more evidence ever needed for how insecure these people are.
They are not even claiming Pakistani history, but the actual sites that are in Pakistan.

That was a mistake, I apologize and will be more careful next time.

To everyone who is angry about the false picture I mistakingly posted: Yes I was wrong and I apologize. I probably should have done a bit more fact-checking into the pictures I posted, but it was late at night and I hust wanted to post something to make up for my week long absence. Yes I know that is no excuse, so I urge anyone posting these types of threads to be more careful when posting pictures found on the internet. Anyway, the IVC phase was intended to be a smaller part of this thread, I was mainly focusing on the Mauryan period of 2000-1000 BC, when urbanization really began to take off in the Gangetic Plains. I am truly sorry if I offended anyone. To @Indus Pakistan, @UnitedPak, @Rusty, @Taimur Khurram, @Iqbal Ali, and others who have read my posts before, you know I try to be as accurate as possible and I would never knowingly try to mislead anyone.

 

[Rusty]

I truly apologize if that is true. I simply used a photo I found on a rajasthan tourism website. I will delete it and find a new one.


I am sorry I should have double checked before posting. That wasn't the official Rajasthan site btw, which means it was probably a bad idea to post it.


That was a mistake, I apologize and will be more careful next time.

To everyone who is angry about the false picture I mistakingly posted: Yes I was wrong and I apologize. I probably should have done a bit more fact-checking into the pictures I posted, but it was late at night and I hust wanted to post something to make up for my week long absence. Yes I know that is no excuse, so I urge anyone posting these types of threads to be more careful when posting pictures found on the internet. Anyway, the IVC phase was intended to be a smaller part of this thread, I was mainly focusing on the Mauryan period of 2000-1000 BC, when urbanization really began to take off in the Gangetic Plains. I am truly sorry if I offended anyone. To @Indus Pakistan, @UnitedPak, @Rusty, @Taimur Khurram, @Iqbal Ali, and others who have read my posts before, you know I try to be as accurate as possible and I would never knowingly try to mislead anyone.

It's not you who people are annoyed at, we all make mistakes.
It's the tourism India website.... How can they make such a basic mistake?

 

[Cobra Arbok]

It's not you who people are annoyed at, we all make mistakes.
It's the tourism India website.... How can they make such a basic mistake?

THat wasn't an official site, which is one reason I should not have posted it. Like I said, it was late and I simply wanted to post something to make up for my abscense, so I take complete blame.

 

[Indus Pakistan]

Is there any more evidence ever needed for how insecure these people are.
They are not even claiming Pakistani history, but the actual sites that are in Pakistan.

Piggy backing Indus Pakistan because that is where the "gold" is. More of this -

 

[Hamza913]

Piggy backing Indus Pakistan because that is where the "gold" is. More of this -

I feel like his negative rating should be removed since he apologised.

 

[Icewolf]

Gangoos have no culture it’s useless to make a thread on it

 

[Indus Pakistan]

I feel like his negative rating should be removed since he apologised.

will do.

@Cobra Arbok Negative rating removed since you remedied the reason for that. No hard feelings. I think it was probably oversight on your part. I say that because your posts are normally very fair and objective. You don't definitely poke Pakistani's in the eye like many of your countrymen do.

 

[MultaniGuy]

I find it somewhat ridiculous that Pakistan is not mentioned when Indus River Civilization is mentioned in @Cobra Arbok 's post.

Indus River Civilization happened mostly in Pakistan, and a little bit in India.

You should have mentioned that.

 

[Talwar e Pakistan]

I truly apologize if that is true. I simply used a photo I found on a rajasthan tourism website. I will delete it and find a new one.


I am sorry I should have double checked before posting. That wasn't the official Rajasthan site btw, which means it was probably a bad idea to post it.


That was a mistake, I apologize and will be more careful next time.

To everyone who is angry about the false picture I mistakingly posted: Yes I was wrong and I apologize. I probably should have done a bit more fact-checking into the pictures I posted, but it was late at night and I hust wanted to post something to make up for my week long absence. Yes I know that is no excuse, so I urge anyone posting these types of threads to be more careful when posting pictures found on the internet. Anyway, the IVC phase was intended to be a smaller part of this thread, I was mainly focusing on the Mauryan period of 2000-1000 BC, when urbanization really began to take off in the Gangetic Plains. I am truly sorry if I offended anyone. To @Indus Pakistan, @UnitedPak, @Rusty, @Taimur Khurram, @Iqbal Ali, and others who have read my posts before, you know I try to be as accurate as possible and I would never knowingly try to mislead anyone.

Everyone makes mistakes, keep on with your content - I love reading about history.