ziaulislam
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on every front china has progressed rapidly in last 2 decades and especially in last decade, this is not surprisingly, given access to russian tech in 90s and highest R&D spending probably second only to US and many times more than rivals else where.Chinese diesel-electric and nuclear submarine force structure improvements over the past two
decades are striking. Figure 13 conveys a comparative Office of Naval Intelligence estimate
from 2009—and both Russian and Chinese designs have progressed since then. While China has
evidently not yet achieved acoustic parity on the nuclear front, the Shang and Jin vessels
represent a significant improvement over previous nuclear submarines. Jerry Hendrix estimates
that the improved Shang (not reflected in figure 1) is roughly analogous to the improved Los
Angeles or Akula II SSNs with respect to acoustic performance.94 It is possible that the more
recent Jin vessels have also benefited from derivative or related acoustic performance
improvements. Should China proceed as anticipated with development of a next-generation
type-095 SSN and/or type-096 SSGN, it will probably continue down the acoustic learning curve.
On the diesel-electric front the more recent Kilo and Yuan vessels appear generally comparable
to the Russian Lada (St. Petersburg)-class SSK, while the older Romeo, Kilo, and Ming SSKs exit
the active inventory. Acoustically, at 105-110 decibels the modern 636 Kilo has reportedly
achieved general equivalence with that of the improved Los Angeles SSNs. (By comparison, the
Virginia operates at about 95 decibels and ocean background at 90.95) Said differently, the
improved Shangs and Kilos in the Chinese inventory have achieved acoustic parity with mid-
1980s American SSN technology, while Russia’s new Yasen has an acoustic signature closer to
the current-generation American SSN fleet
View attachment 404384
98: Office of Naval Intelligence (2009) graphic, excerpted from O’Rourke, China Naval Modernization, pp. 14-15.
Acoustic propagation discussed at https://manglermuldoon.blogspot.com/2015/02/sea-denial-analysis-of-csbasproposal.
html
https://cgsr.llnl.gov/content/assets/docs/Ellis_Game_On.pdf
hence, one of the reasons why Pakistan has been leaning towards Chinese subs