The vision of Pakistan’s founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in the 1940s did not only constitute creation of a Muslim political entity at the expense of India’s Hindu domination. It was also embedded in thousands of years of historical and geographical realities. These aspects clearly emerge from Jinnah’s interviews given to foreign correspondents where he described the geopolitical importance of Pakistan. The two nation reality also did not emerge only because of the differences between Hindu and Muslim peoples. It was an outcome of thousands of years of historical, geographical and genetic distinction between the peoples of Indus Valley Civilization and those occupying the Gangetic plains.
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The South Asian subcontinent is principally divided into two major geographical regions; the Indus Valley and its westerly inclined tributaries, and the Ganges Valley with its easterly inclined tributaries. In his book, “The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan,” Aitzaz Ahsan identifies the geographical divide between these two regions as the Gurdaspur-Kathiawar salient, a watershed which is southwesterly inclined down to the Arabian Sea. This watershed also depicted the dividing line between the peoples of Indus Valley Civilization and those of Gangetic plains and also corresponds almost exactly with the current day Pakistan-India border.
Historically, only the Mauryas, Muslims and the British amalgamated these two regions as a unified state. For most of the remaining history, when one empire did not rule both the regions as a unified state, the Indus Valley Civilizational domain was always governed as one separate political entity.
Pakistan: The True Heir Of Indus Valley Civilization - Analysis Eurasia Review
Some called it an artificial creation while others grieved on the vivisection of an ancient land. Yet, no one realized on that fateful night of 14th of August in 1947, that an ancient land has resurrected itself from the ashes of a lost civilization. That night the people of Meluhha came to life again as Pakistan. It was celebrated as an emergence of a new nation on the world map, least realizing that with minor differences in boundaries, the map which housed the people of Meluhha for over 9000 years, simply reclaimed its heritage as Pakistan. Meluhha were the people of Indus Valley Civilization.
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The major historic difference between the two regions was that while the people of Indus Valley created one of the oldest unified civilizations of the world and those of Ganges Valley remained separated and segregated. The Two Nations Theory which became one of the founding principles of creation of Pakistan and partition of British India in 1947, in historical hindsight, helped create status quo ante where history merely repeated itself.
From Meluhha To Pakistan: The Embodiment Of A Civilization - OpEd Eurasia Review Geographically, the subcontinent is divided into two main regions; the Indus Valley and its adjoining plains and Ganges Valley and its adjoining plains. These two regions were and are distinctly separated by Gurdaspur-Kathiawar Salient, which also acts as a natural watershed. In over 9000 years of known history of subcontinent, Indus Valley and its adjoining plains and Ganges Valley and its adjoining plains have been forced as one political unit only during the times of Mauryan, Muslim and British rule. For the remaining 7000-8000 years, the Indus Valley and its adjoining plains have patently remained separate political entities.
The core of Indus Valley Civilization remains in Pakistan. A small portion of the Meluhha territory was given to the Republic of India by the British at the time of partition of subcontinent in 1947. Therefore, historically and archeologically Indus Valley Civilization is a Pakistani civilization and not Indian. The genetic differences between the people of Indus Valley Civilization i.e. the Meluhhans or the Pakistanis and the people of Republic of India have been clearly highlighted in many recently conducted genetic studies as well.
The religion and the language of Meluhha have not been deciphered as yet. However, the advent of Vedic culture was identified much later in history, after the fading out of Indus Valley Civilization. There are many scholars including Romila Thapar and Khan A. Sufyan who believe that the people of Indus Valley Civilization could have been monotheists. This has been reflected in the works of many scholars who believed that Rig Veda was essentially monotheistic in its propagation. Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati, the founder of Arya Samaj was on such proponent. One of his notable disciples was Shyamji Krishna Varma, who founded India House in London. Others who were influenced by and followed him included Madam Cama, Pandit Guru Dutt Vidyarthi, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Ram Prasad Bismil, Bhagat Singh, Mahadev Govind Ranade Swami Shraddhanand, Mahatma Hansraj and Lala Lajpat Rai, among many others.
The people of Indus Valley Civilization were initially monotheists and later followed Vedic and Hindu cultures, were Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs and are now majority Muslims. In 1947, history corrected itself and the Meluhha went back to being a separate entity, which they renamed as Pakistan. I therefore humbly request you that some hundred years of Indian Hindu domination of subcontinent may not be allowed to overshadow thousands of years of known separate identities of these two different regions.
There could have been a limited migration of Meluhha towards the east but more pronounced migration of these people has been identified towards the west. A Meluhha Kingdom was identified in 600 BC in Palestine on the borders of Egypt. Apparently, they also ruled the Kingdom of Mitanni in Northern Iraq. And because the existence of these people has been archeologically and historically identified in earlier time frame, it is more probable that they also migrated towards Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan as well. And the facts clearly illustrate that these people originally were not from the areas occupied by the Republic of India, but from the areas from where they evolved in the initial instance i.e. the Meluhha territory which in 1947 they themselves named Pakistan.
The Two Nation Theory therefore did not just emerge in 1900s, it existed since thousands of years. Archeology and history presents ample proofs to justify this fact.