The British world, as represented by the flags, uniforms and tents, appears somewhat sterile. A lifeless world contrasted with that of the Indian exercisers whose exposed physiques moved elegantly about the pit, engaged in rigorous activity. While Broughton made no mention of Englishmen engaging in such exercises, Elphinstone’s 1815 work did just that. Surveying troops in Persia, Elphinstone praised one Englishman for performing 600 dands (push-ups) followed by club swinging. Remarking that Englishmen stationed in Persia and India regularly engaged in such exercises, Elphinstone opined that Englishmen’s strength paled in comparison to Hindus.65 Concluding Elphinstone stated, The degree to which these exercises bring out the muscles and increase the strength is not to be believed...They are one of the best inventions which Europe could borrow from the East.66
