Hatf 5/6 (Ghauri 1/2)
The first launch of the Hatf 5 (Ghauri 1) ballistic missile in April 1998
Type
Intermediate-range, road mobile, liquid-propellant, single warhead ballistic missiles
Development
It is believed that the Hatf 5 or Ghauri 1 ballistic missile development programme started in Pakistan at the Khan Research Laboratories in 1993, but it was only publicly announced in 1997. An engine test was carried out in January 1998 and the first flight test was made in April 1998. Although Pakistan officials state that the Ghauri 1 is an indigenous design and development, it is generally viewed as having been based upon North Korean No-dong 1/2 technology. It is reported, though denied by North Korea, that 5 to 12 No-dong 1/2 missile assembly sets were sent to Pakistan between 1994 and 1997, for trials and to set-up a manufacturing capability. There have also been unconfirmed reports that Chinese guidance systems have been used, although these may have been passed through North Korea.
Iran has developed the Shahab 3 missile, which appears to be similar to the Ghauri 1, and there are reports that Iran and Pakistan have co-operated together with North Korea and that the three programmes are closely related.
A second ballistic missile, called Hatf 6 or Ghauri 2 (although the name Ghaznavi was used in 1998), was announced in 1998, with a range of 1,800 to 2,300 km, which uses a longer Ghauri 1 motor assembly. This missile might be similar to the Iranian Shahab 4 project. A Ghauri 2 missile was first flight tested in April 1999. Two other Pakistani missile development programmes were also named as Babri and Abdali and it is assumed that these might refer to follow-on systems with even greater ranges.
A Ghauri 3 programme was reported to have been in development since 1994, with a range of 3,000 km, and first stage motor tests were made in July and September 1999. It is possible that one of these might form the basis for a satellite launch vehicle, probably based upon the North Korean Taep'o-dong 1 (SLV) design and using the Hatf 6 (Ghauri 2) missile as the first stage.
Description
Assuming that the Shahab 3 and Ghauri 1 missiles are similar it appears that the Ghauri 1 missile has a length of 16.0 m, a body diameter of 1.32 m and a launch weight of 16,250 kg. The missile shape is similar to that of the Russian 'Scud B' and appears to have been scaled up using the same length to diameter ratio. A payload of 1,200 kg and a separating warhead assembly could carry nuclear, chemical, HE or submunitions warheads. The warhead is thought to weigh around 800 kg and that the initial design was for a 15 to 35 kT nuclear warhead, similar to that tested by Pakistan in May 1998. The missile has a single-stage liquid-propellant system, probably using kerosene and IRFNA with a total propellant weight of 12,200 kg and a burn time of around 100 seconds. There is a single motor assembly, fed by a turbopump powered by compressed air. Guidance is believed to be inertial and reports from Pakistan suggest that Chinese assistance was given with the guidance, which seems likely to be true as an accuracy of 250 m CEP has been quoted (although this might have been 2,500 m). The minimum range is expected to be 400 km and the maximum range 1,300 to 1,500 km.
Pakistan has several different types of mobile TEL in use with its ballistic missiles and is reported to have adapted the Russian MAZ 543 'Scud B' TEL vehicle with the addition of one or two more axles for use with the Ghauri 1 missile. There have been some converted commercial articulated vehicles used to carry the missiles for displays and also for the first launch in April 1998. A modified tank transporter vehicle was displayed as a TEL in March 2000, and it is believed that this vehicle can carry either Ghauri 1 or Ghauri 2 missiles.
The Ghauri 2 missile is almost identical in shape to the Ghauri 1 and few details have been released. The missile is believed to be simply an improved and lengthened version of Ghauri 1, possibly using improved propellants with a new motor assembly. The length is believed to be 18.0 m, the body diameter 1.32 m and the launch weight 17,800 kg. The payload has been reduced to 1,000 kg and the nuclear warhead design may have been improved with a weight reduced to 750 kg. A lighter payload of 750 kg may be used when the maximum range is required. A maximum range of 1,800 km was reported after the launch, with the addition that this range could be increased to 2,300 km if the payload weight was reduced. It is possible that the real objective of the April 1999 flight was to test this missile as the first stage in a future satellite launch vehicle or two-stage IRBM.
Operational status
The first engine test on Ghauri 1 was reported in Pakistan in January 1998, although there were several motor tests made in North Korea in 1997 that might have been connected with the Ghauri 1 programme. The first flight test was in April 1998, over a distance of between 800 and 1,200 km, although the most probable distance seems to be 1,150 km. This flight lasted for about 10 minutes and was lofted to an apogee of 350 km. It is believed that Ghauri 1 entered operational service later in 1998 and that by mid-1999 there were some 5 to 10 missiles available for further tests or operational use. The operational missiles will be used by the Pakistan Army's 47th Artillery Brigade.
Ghauri 2 is reported to be in development and the first flight test was made in April 1999. This flight travelled 1,165 km in around 12 minutes. It is not clear if this missile will be built for operational use, or for use as the first stage of a two-stage missile or SLV.
Both the Ghauri 1 and 2 programmes appear to have been developed with considerable assistance from North Korea and to be based upon the No-dong 1/2 design and technologies. It appears that there has also been co-operation between Pakistan and Iran, as the Ghauri 1 and Shahab 3 missiles appear to be similar as well. The balance of evidence suggests that there has in fact been a co-ordinated programme between the three countries from around 1993.
A Ghauri 3 missile has been reported to have been in development since 1994, with a range of 3,000 km, and two first-stage motor tests were made in July and September 1999.
Specifications
Hatf 5 (Ghauri 1)
Length
16.0 m
Body diameter
1.32 m
Launch weight
16,250 kg
Payload
Single warhead 1,200 kg
Warhead
800 kg nuclear 15 to 35 kT, chemical, HE or submunitions
Guidance
Inertial
Propulsion
Single-stage liquid propellant
Range
1,300 to 1,500 km
Accuracy
250 or 2,500 m CEP
Hatf 6 (Ghauri 2)
Length
18.0 m
Body diameter
1.32 m
Launch weight
17,800 kg
Payload
Single warhead, 750 or1,000 kg
Warhead
750 kg nuclear 15 to 35 kt
Guidance
Inertial
Propulsion
Single-stage liquid propellant
Range
1,800 to 2,300 km
Accuracy
n/k??
http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/wmd/ball...ic/hatf6-01.htm
