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‘COL IMAM’ AS I KNEW
By Brig Yasub Ali Dogar (Retd), 35 PMA
Editor’s Comment: Brig Yasub Ali Dogar (Retd) was commissioned in Guides Infantry FF in Nov 1965. He has served in SSG. He is a former Head of Afghan Desk in ISI. After the retirement, he has settled in Lahore.
I had known Sultan Amir later on ‘Col Imam’ since mid-1966. I had been commissioned about 6 months earlier than him. My unit Guides Infantry FF came to Lahore as a result of pull back of forces due to Tashkent Accord in 1966 about the time he was commissioned in the 2nd Pathans (FF), later named as 15 FF. Both of us young and energetic, plunged into the lives of young officers of that time which was divided in training, sports events, assaulting Xing water obstacles & field exercises. Even evenings were devoted to regimental dinner and guest nights, leaving very little time for fun and frolic. Only on Sundays one could indulge in ‘non-training events’. Most of us made up for our sleeplessness of the previous six days of the week on Sundays.
In December 1970 both of us found ourselves competing for selection into the elite SSG (Special Services Group). I must have just crawled through but Sultan Amir passed through the three days of grueling selection tests with flying colours. Only 24 officers were selected from the large number of officers who had volunteered for the SSG. The basic Commando Course started in early 1971. It was here we discovered the real Sultan Amir. Originally designed by the US Special Forces instructors, it was considered as one of the toughest courses in Pakistan if not of other modern armies. He would carry the heaviest load to farthest distance not asking for relief or respite till one of us felt that we are not being fair to him. He was the most helpful among all of us, willing to carry anyone else’s belongings though he was dead tired himself because of carrying his own weapons, ammunition and other such items. After 25-30 miles night marches over the most rugged terrain, when we would just slump down he would run around to select location for our hideout, gather fire wood, cook food and see to the security drills of the hideout, etc. It was here that his real leadership qualities came out. A few days before we were to graduate from the course, he was with us in setting a record of crossing the Mangla Lake at its widest, approximately swimming 6 miles both ways in about 2 hours and 45 minutes. This record remains unbeaten till today. He along with Brig Akram, later Commander SSG, came out with the highest grade in that course.
He was posted to the elite Tipu Company and I went over to 2 Commando Battalion (SSG). During the 1971 War he had infiltrated behind the Indian troops in the Desert Sector and laid a blocking position. Unfortunately the Pakistani ground offensive just petered out. It goes to his credit that although forsaken, lost and hungry he was able to safely extricate along with his troops. By the end of 1973 he had undergone the US Special Forces Course at Fort Bragg along with Psychological Operations Course. His visit to the US was to bring about a marked change in him; appreciating their training methodology while criticizing their materialistic way of life that he saw there. Later, as the Officer Commanding Parachute Training School he had also become a jump master with golden ensign (over 100 jumps).
We went up our career ladders, commanding our parent battalions and landed back together in 1976. I was the Commanding Officer (officiating) and he as the Second in Command of 2 Cdo Bn (SSG). We went through hectic training, exercise, operations, etc. together. During this period we were involved in training of the Mujahedeen on a small-scale courtesy General Naseerullah Khan Babar who was the architect of the forward policy and had advised Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to be proactive along the Durand Line and payback in the same coin for what the Afghans were doingin NWFP in particular. Promoted to the rank of Lt Col he commanded his Paltan and landed in the Afghan cell of the ISI in early 80’s and was to become a larger than life legend. His stay there was to also change his earlier outlook towards life as well as profession. It was here that he adopted the nom de guerre of Col Imam which became a world-famous identity.
Imam went after his job with single-minded devotion. Firstly, training the Afghan Mujahedeen and later leading them into operations against the Soviet troops. The animosity among Afghan groups was so great that Ahmad Shah Masoud and Hikmatyar killed more of each other’s cadres than the Russians did. Without, belittling the efforts of the Mujahedeen it was the immense efforts of this small group of officers and men in coordinating operations inside Afghan area which finally resulted in the Soviet withdrawal. Imam had a low opinion about the operational capability of the Russian forces except the Spetnaz. He had a healthy high regard for them and thought that they were among the best Special Forces in the world. He always took pride in being the first stone in the dismemberment of the Evil Empire.
He was one of ISI operators who stayed the longest, went the deepest and earned total respect of the Mujahedeen for his leadership, operational handling, tact and coordination. This was also the most dangerous period with Soviet gunships ruling the sky with total air superiority, making any moves by Mujahedeen very difficult particularly by day. However, Charlie Wilson’s effort bore fruits and the induction of Stinger anti-aircraft missiles severely challenged the Soviet air superiority. Very few people know or understand that most difficult period. Were it not for the timely induction of these SAMs Dr. Najibullah might have been still around. At the same time he was not without his detractors. While handing over the Afghan desk to me, my predecessor Gen Afzal Janjua remarked that one of the biggest worry he had was the personal security of Imam. He was apprehensive that Gulbadin Hikmatyar (GB) may eliminate him for his patronage of Akhunzada Nasim, the leader of the Mujahedeen in Helmand Province who was vehemently anti GB. During my stay as the Head of the Afghan desk I too had to ensure that they do not come into each other’s domain.
Editor: “Charlie” Wilson (Charles Nesbitt Wilson) was a United States Naval officer and former 12-term Democratic Rep from Texas. He led Congress into supporting ‘Operation Cyclone’, the largest-ever CIA covert operation which, under the Carter and Reagan administration, supplied military equipment including Stinger missiles and paramilitary officers from their Special Activities Division to the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet War in Afghanistan.
The Peshawar Accord of 1992 owed itself to hectic work of pushing the Mujahedeen leaders round the clock to come out with a solution. Prince Turki Al Faisal Head of Saudi intelligence was also there to pressurize the Afghan leaders. However it was a handful of people including Imam who utilized their friendship, influence, charm or arms twisting abilities to force the Afghan leaders to come out with an accord. Although not to the full satisfaction of Iranian diplomats waiting in line to exercise their own influence on future of Afghanistan. The efforts to bring out an accord were by itself one of the major achievements of ISI. Till the last moments there were hiccups and a possibility of its being sabotaged by any of the great players who felt they were not being allowed their part in the game.
The Mujahedeen Government led by Hazrat Mujadadi was installed in April 1992. Most of our work in operations had finished. I asked for a posting out while Imam stayed there till his retirement. Afghanistan remained in a state of civil war even after the installation of the Mujahedeen Government. It was the period of the warlords, Turan Ismael in Herat, Gul Agha in Kandahar, Rashid Dostum Uzbek at Mazar-e-Sharif, Ahmed Shah Massoud in Punjsher Valley and other Tajik areas. The Central Government was confined to parts of Kabul only.
The Pakistan Foreign Service officers were not interested or keen in serving in a turbulent Afghanistan particularly after the assault on Pak Embassy and drubbing of our diplomats in Kabul. Col Imam came in handy and was appointed as Pakistan’s Counsel General at Herat. Having very good personal relations with Turan Ismael and his brother, he went after his job with gusto. There is no record of Imam having strayed beyond his official responsibility and interfering in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. However his personal friendship with so many of them does not rule out his influence over them. As a Counsel General Imam utilized these bonds for getting favours in the interest of Pakistan. He was also target of kidnapping and assassination more than once. Probably his detractors wanted to shoot two birds with one shot i.e. embarrass Pakistan besides eliminating him.
The Pakistan Government during this period was conceiving its own plan for opening up Central Asian Republics through over land routes through Afghanistan. His location at Herat and Kandahar was ideally suited for facilitating this purpose. The Interior Minister Gen Babar was particularly very keen though some saner elements had advised against this adventure. Unfortunately the very first convoy led by Imam got mired in the intra Afghan feuds and was made hostage. The timely arrival of the Taliban saved Imam and the convoy from annihilation. The arrival of the Taliban in 1996 onwards was a home-grown affair in Afghanistan though it was laid at the doors of the Pakistani establishment. Imam’s personal knowledge was most useful in establishing contact and ultimately recognizing the Taliban. This was done somewhat prematurely and without the input of the foreign office. One of the key figures of Charlie Wilson’s war, he was personally known to everyone who mattered, from Charlie Wilson to the bigwigs in Pakistan, his input was considered vital in policy formulations in those crucial years.
Till the last he remained an admirer of the Taliban and prided in having been Mullah Omar’s instructor. We had heated discussions on the subject particularly after the destruction of the largest Buddha’s statue at Bamiyan. However it was difficult to convince Imam. He basked in the limelight he was getting as mentor of Taliban. His impressive, tall and handsome looks with a white turban did knock off some pretty journalists. He also had a knack of impressing people with his candid and frank opinion particularly on the future of American occupation in Afghanistan. He felt that more innocent Afghans had been killed by the US forces – called euphemistically as collateral damage – than the Russians did. Understanding Afghan psyche he believed that the time and space was on the side of the Afghan. Prophetic words to come true when President Obama directed withdrawal of the American Forces.
Lastly what ultimately happened to Col Imam is the most difficult question to be answered by anyone close to him. His last public appearance was at the marriage of my daughter on 5th of March 2010. A few days later he was apparently kidnapped by the Punjabi Taliban known as Asian Tigers on a visit to Waziristan along with Khaled Khawaja and Asjad Qureshi a British Pakistani journalist. Imam had earlier told me that during President Karzai’s last call on President Musharraf Karzai had complained that rogue elements of ISI under Col Imam were training the Afghan Taliban. Imam was called upon by his old Directorate where he told them that if he was training them then they would surely know it because nothing remains hidden from the plethora of Intelligence agencies for long. He was probably lured into coming to the tribal belt by one of the foreign funded Taliban groups with the aim of finding out what was ISI or Imam’s linkages with the Afghan Taliban. When nothing came out he had to be eliminated otherwise the game would be up.
The incredible story of arrest of Raymond Davis and Imam’s purported execution by the Pakistani Taliban soon after seems to be interwoven and interlinked somewhere. Were they trying to coerce the whereabouts of OBL from him considering him as a renegade or rouge ISI person. It also gives credence to the perception in Pakistan’s establishment of Pakistani Taliban being a tool in the pay of distant paymasters as part of the new great game. It will remain a mystery till his remains are found, DNA tested and given a proper Islamic burial. His friends, colleagues and lastly his family will miss his colourful personality for a long time to come. It is very difficult to fill such vacuum.
By Brig Yasub Ali Dogar (Retd), 35 PMA
Editor’s Comment: Brig Yasub Ali Dogar (Retd) was commissioned in Guides Infantry FF in Nov 1965. He has served in SSG. He is a former Head of Afghan Desk in ISI. After the retirement, he has settled in Lahore.
I had known Sultan Amir later on ‘Col Imam’ since mid-1966. I had been commissioned about 6 months earlier than him. My unit Guides Infantry FF came to Lahore as a result of pull back of forces due to Tashkent Accord in 1966 about the time he was commissioned in the 2nd Pathans (FF), later named as 15 FF. Both of us young and energetic, plunged into the lives of young officers of that time which was divided in training, sports events, assaulting Xing water obstacles & field exercises. Even evenings were devoted to regimental dinner and guest nights, leaving very little time for fun and frolic. Only on Sundays one could indulge in ‘non-training events’. Most of us made up for our sleeplessness of the previous six days of the week on Sundays.
In December 1970 both of us found ourselves competing for selection into the elite SSG (Special Services Group). I must have just crawled through but Sultan Amir passed through the three days of grueling selection tests with flying colours. Only 24 officers were selected from the large number of officers who had volunteered for the SSG. The basic Commando Course started in early 1971. It was here we discovered the real Sultan Amir. Originally designed by the US Special Forces instructors, it was considered as one of the toughest courses in Pakistan if not of other modern armies. He would carry the heaviest load to farthest distance not asking for relief or respite till one of us felt that we are not being fair to him. He was the most helpful among all of us, willing to carry anyone else’s belongings though he was dead tired himself because of carrying his own weapons, ammunition and other such items. After 25-30 miles night marches over the most rugged terrain, when we would just slump down he would run around to select location for our hideout, gather fire wood, cook food and see to the security drills of the hideout, etc. It was here that his real leadership qualities came out. A few days before we were to graduate from the course, he was with us in setting a record of crossing the Mangla Lake at its widest, approximately swimming 6 miles both ways in about 2 hours and 45 minutes. This record remains unbeaten till today. He along with Brig Akram, later Commander SSG, came out with the highest grade in that course.
He was posted to the elite Tipu Company and I went over to 2 Commando Battalion (SSG). During the 1971 War he had infiltrated behind the Indian troops in the Desert Sector and laid a blocking position. Unfortunately the Pakistani ground offensive just petered out. It goes to his credit that although forsaken, lost and hungry he was able to safely extricate along with his troops. By the end of 1973 he had undergone the US Special Forces Course at Fort Bragg along with Psychological Operations Course. His visit to the US was to bring about a marked change in him; appreciating their training methodology while criticizing their materialistic way of life that he saw there. Later, as the Officer Commanding Parachute Training School he had also become a jump master with golden ensign (over 100 jumps).
We went up our career ladders, commanding our parent battalions and landed back together in 1976. I was the Commanding Officer (officiating) and he as the Second in Command of 2 Cdo Bn (SSG). We went through hectic training, exercise, operations, etc. together. During this period we were involved in training of the Mujahedeen on a small-scale courtesy General Naseerullah Khan Babar who was the architect of the forward policy and had advised Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to be proactive along the Durand Line and payback in the same coin for what the Afghans were doingin NWFP in particular. Promoted to the rank of Lt Col he commanded his Paltan and landed in the Afghan cell of the ISI in early 80’s and was to become a larger than life legend. His stay there was to also change his earlier outlook towards life as well as profession. It was here that he adopted the nom de guerre of Col Imam which became a world-famous identity.
Imam went after his job with single-minded devotion. Firstly, training the Afghan Mujahedeen and later leading them into operations against the Soviet troops. The animosity among Afghan groups was so great that Ahmad Shah Masoud and Hikmatyar killed more of each other’s cadres than the Russians did. Without, belittling the efforts of the Mujahedeen it was the immense efforts of this small group of officers and men in coordinating operations inside Afghan area which finally resulted in the Soviet withdrawal. Imam had a low opinion about the operational capability of the Russian forces except the Spetnaz. He had a healthy high regard for them and thought that they were among the best Special Forces in the world. He always took pride in being the first stone in the dismemberment of the Evil Empire.
He was one of ISI operators who stayed the longest, went the deepest and earned total respect of the Mujahedeen for his leadership, operational handling, tact and coordination. This was also the most dangerous period with Soviet gunships ruling the sky with total air superiority, making any moves by Mujahedeen very difficult particularly by day. However, Charlie Wilson’s effort bore fruits and the induction of Stinger anti-aircraft missiles severely challenged the Soviet air superiority. Very few people know or understand that most difficult period. Were it not for the timely induction of these SAMs Dr. Najibullah might have been still around. At the same time he was not without his detractors. While handing over the Afghan desk to me, my predecessor Gen Afzal Janjua remarked that one of the biggest worry he had was the personal security of Imam. He was apprehensive that Gulbadin Hikmatyar (GB) may eliminate him for his patronage of Akhunzada Nasim, the leader of the Mujahedeen in Helmand Province who was vehemently anti GB. During my stay as the Head of the Afghan desk I too had to ensure that they do not come into each other’s domain.
Editor: “Charlie” Wilson (Charles Nesbitt Wilson) was a United States Naval officer and former 12-term Democratic Rep from Texas. He led Congress into supporting ‘Operation Cyclone’, the largest-ever CIA covert operation which, under the Carter and Reagan administration, supplied military equipment including Stinger missiles and paramilitary officers from their Special Activities Division to the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet War in Afghanistan.
The Peshawar Accord of 1992 owed itself to hectic work of pushing the Mujahedeen leaders round the clock to come out with a solution. Prince Turki Al Faisal Head of Saudi intelligence was also there to pressurize the Afghan leaders. However it was a handful of people including Imam who utilized their friendship, influence, charm or arms twisting abilities to force the Afghan leaders to come out with an accord. Although not to the full satisfaction of Iranian diplomats waiting in line to exercise their own influence on future of Afghanistan. The efforts to bring out an accord were by itself one of the major achievements of ISI. Till the last moments there were hiccups and a possibility of its being sabotaged by any of the great players who felt they were not being allowed their part in the game.
The Mujahedeen Government led by Hazrat Mujadadi was installed in April 1992. Most of our work in operations had finished. I asked for a posting out while Imam stayed there till his retirement. Afghanistan remained in a state of civil war even after the installation of the Mujahedeen Government. It was the period of the warlords, Turan Ismael in Herat, Gul Agha in Kandahar, Rashid Dostum Uzbek at Mazar-e-Sharif, Ahmed Shah Massoud in Punjsher Valley and other Tajik areas. The Central Government was confined to parts of Kabul only.
The Pakistan Foreign Service officers were not interested or keen in serving in a turbulent Afghanistan particularly after the assault on Pak Embassy and drubbing of our diplomats in Kabul. Col Imam came in handy and was appointed as Pakistan’s Counsel General at Herat. Having very good personal relations with Turan Ismael and his brother, he went after his job with gusto. There is no record of Imam having strayed beyond his official responsibility and interfering in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. However his personal friendship with so many of them does not rule out his influence over them. As a Counsel General Imam utilized these bonds for getting favours in the interest of Pakistan. He was also target of kidnapping and assassination more than once. Probably his detractors wanted to shoot two birds with one shot i.e. embarrass Pakistan besides eliminating him.
The Pakistan Government during this period was conceiving its own plan for opening up Central Asian Republics through over land routes through Afghanistan. His location at Herat and Kandahar was ideally suited for facilitating this purpose. The Interior Minister Gen Babar was particularly very keen though some saner elements had advised against this adventure. Unfortunately the very first convoy led by Imam got mired in the intra Afghan feuds and was made hostage. The timely arrival of the Taliban saved Imam and the convoy from annihilation. The arrival of the Taliban in 1996 onwards was a home-grown affair in Afghanistan though it was laid at the doors of the Pakistani establishment. Imam’s personal knowledge was most useful in establishing contact and ultimately recognizing the Taliban. This was done somewhat prematurely and without the input of the foreign office. One of the key figures of Charlie Wilson’s war, he was personally known to everyone who mattered, from Charlie Wilson to the bigwigs in Pakistan, his input was considered vital in policy formulations in those crucial years.
Till the last he remained an admirer of the Taliban and prided in having been Mullah Omar’s instructor. We had heated discussions on the subject particularly after the destruction of the largest Buddha’s statue at Bamiyan. However it was difficult to convince Imam. He basked in the limelight he was getting as mentor of Taliban. His impressive, tall and handsome looks with a white turban did knock off some pretty journalists. He also had a knack of impressing people with his candid and frank opinion particularly on the future of American occupation in Afghanistan. He felt that more innocent Afghans had been killed by the US forces – called euphemistically as collateral damage – than the Russians did. Understanding Afghan psyche he believed that the time and space was on the side of the Afghan. Prophetic words to come true when President Obama directed withdrawal of the American Forces.
Lastly what ultimately happened to Col Imam is the most difficult question to be answered by anyone close to him. His last public appearance was at the marriage of my daughter on 5th of March 2010. A few days later he was apparently kidnapped by the Punjabi Taliban known as Asian Tigers on a visit to Waziristan along with Khaled Khawaja and Asjad Qureshi a British Pakistani journalist. Imam had earlier told me that during President Karzai’s last call on President Musharraf Karzai had complained that rogue elements of ISI under Col Imam were training the Afghan Taliban. Imam was called upon by his old Directorate where he told them that if he was training them then they would surely know it because nothing remains hidden from the plethora of Intelligence agencies for long. He was probably lured into coming to the tribal belt by one of the foreign funded Taliban groups with the aim of finding out what was ISI or Imam’s linkages with the Afghan Taliban. When nothing came out he had to be eliminated otherwise the game would be up.
The incredible story of arrest of Raymond Davis and Imam’s purported execution by the Pakistani Taliban soon after seems to be interwoven and interlinked somewhere. Were they trying to coerce the whereabouts of OBL from him considering him as a renegade or rouge ISI person. It also gives credence to the perception in Pakistan’s establishment of Pakistani Taliban being a tool in the pay of distant paymasters as part of the new great game. It will remain a mystery till his remains are found, DNA tested and given a proper Islamic burial. His friends, colleagues and lastly his family will miss his colourful personality for a long time to come. It is very difficult to fill such vacuum.
