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Hyperion,
It is not the size of the hole (of water ingress) but the size of the compartment (in the ship flooded) that will be the determinant of whether the ship will sink or not. Now all warships (actually all ships) including Carriers are subdivided in a number of water-tight compartments. This is done to minimise/control progressive flooding.
Incidentally this aspect of ship design and construction in modern times took primacy after the sinking of the Titanic.
My knowledge of Naval Architechture and Damage Control allows me to agree with what Oscar has been saying. Actually, his choice of the USS Yorktown as illustration is particularly appropriate.
If the W/T compartments are well closed down and D/C control measures are well employed, its no easy task to sink a Carrier.