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Civil Service reform : A confirmation of Disaster

The problem here is : one corrupt and incapable group is trying to take lead from another corrupt yet capable group. The funny part is : for legislation they will again invite these bureaucrats. :lol:

I don't agree whatsoever with this one group being capable. Corrupt are not capable of delivering excellent public service, and only a fool would believe otherwise!

You may choose to believe otherwise!

It's no different than saying 'khata hai to lagata bhi hai'. For Babu's then 'khata hai to kuch karta bhi hai'
 
@fitpOsitive this thread would end by nowhere citing the fact that it is throwing blame on ruling party.
Many guys on thread have no clue about working of Government,CS do need change,reconstruction and full shielding from ruling junta,but what these guys are suggesting akins to bringing down whole state in one go.
Govt isn't fool many babus sitting at many places have required qualification not everyone is M.A pass.What Phd's are doing under supervision of HEC is well known,almost 90% doctorate holders sitting in research related fields have done nothing about it.
Baat chal he nikli hai tou PHD holder @Dubious tag hain,jo aap ko sarkari idaro mai bethey PHD's ka hal bata suktey hain.
 
Hey I am 19 years old. My family belongs to working class and falls in middle class. After 10 years, will I be able to win an election???
Join PTI for further guidance.

@fitpOsitive this thread would end by nowhere citing the fact that it is throwing blame on ruling party.
Many guys on thread have no clue about working of Government,CS do need change,reconstruction and full shielding from ruling junta,but what these guys are suggesting akins to bringing down whole state in one go.
Govt isn't fool many babus sitting at many places have required qualification not everyone is M.A pass.What Phd's are doing under supervision of HEC is well known,almost 90% doctorate holders sitting in research related fields have done nothing about it.
Baat chal he nikli hai tou PHD holder @Dubious tag hain,jo aap ko sarkari idaro mai bethey PHD's ka hal bata suktey hain.
Main khud boht kch janta hon. Allah nain chaha tu jald Pakistan main kisi bari jagah nazar aaonga.
The problem here is : I am trying to save a better part of Pakistan from a worst part of Pakistan. I am seeing a total destruction in the name of restructuring.
 
@fitpOsitive this thread would end by nowhere citing the fact that it is throwing blame on ruling party.
Many guys on thread have no clue about working of Government,CS do need change,reconstruction and full shielding from ruling junta,but what these guys are suggesting akins to bringing down whole state in one go.
Govt isn't fool many babus sitting at many places have required qualification not everyone is M.A pass.What Phd's are doing under supervision of HEC is well known,almost 90% doctorate holders sitting in research related fields have done nothing about it.
Baat chal he nikli hai tou PHD holder @Dubious tag hain,jo aap ko sarkari idaro mai bethey PHD's ka hal bata suktey hain.

You are comparing a PhD with a mere MA?


Well dear guess what that PhD guy was too occupied with his research that he couldn't get enough time to prove his "worth" by appearing for a ridiculously hodge podge of an exam with no clear objectives. Lil did he know that he'd be declared a nobody if he doesnt carry butlers and an sho around. That contempt is pretty much expected from the class who've turned a school teacher /maashter into a derogatory term over time.


This Mera puttar afsar bny ga mentality is the biggest reason we are lagging behind. Every other kid wants an elite squad around to show off his swag. There's a craze of trying their luck to get a taste of unfathomable power for nothing. To progress state must massively reduce the raw authority and charm associated with the civil service by allocating all provincial and federal secretary posts to the skilled guys for a modestly fixed term and not for eternity, only then the youngsters gonna concentrate on inventions and publishing research journals. These babus are dime a dozen but albayrooni and tesla are only one


Join PTI for further guidance.


Main khud boht kch janta hon. Allah nain chaha tu jald Pakistan main kisi bari jagah nazar aaonga.
The problem here is : I am trying to save a better part of Pakistan from a worst part of Pakistan. I am seeing a total destruction in the name of restructuring.

Just make sure to claim copy right otherwise there's no guarantee that some middle man/babu won't plagiarize your ideas and sell them to the politicians as his own

full shielding from ruling junta,
They are servants of the state not her oligarchs, Never!

And why an MA pass can not be boss of a PhD? Tamam jobs ki kuch requirements hoti hain

You ma'am are a classic product of the system.

Tamam jobs ki kuch requirements hoti hain Jo un requirements ko pura krtay Hain wo select hojatay hain.

1 banda ms international affairs Hai vo railways m or doosra MBA vo police m fark sirf 2 numbers ka

Yeh konsi requirement Hai?
 
The problem here is : one corrupt and incapable group is trying to take lead from another corrupt yet capable group. The funny part is : for legislation they will again invite these bureaucrats. :lol:
Do you have any proof of this "corrupt but capable" claim?
 
Main khud boht kch janta hon. Allah nain chaha tu jald Pakistan main kisi bari jagah nazar aaonga.
The problem here is : I am trying to save a better part of Pakistan from a worst part of Pakistan. I am seeing a total destruction in the name of restructuring.
Hope so.
You are comparing a PhD with a mere MA?


Well dear guess what that PhD guy was too occupied with his research that he couldn't get enough time to prove his "worth" by appearing for a ridiculously hodge podge of an exam with no clear objectives. Lil did he know that he'd be declared a nobody if he doesnt carry butlers and an sho around. That contempt is pretty much expected from the class who've turned a school teacher /maashter into a derogatory term over time.


This Mera puttar afsar bny ga mentality is the biggest reason we are lagging behind. Every other kid wants an elite squad around to show off his swag. There's a craze of trying their luck to get a taste of unfathomable power for nothing. To progress state must massively reduce the raw authority and charm associated with the civil service by allocating all provincial and federal secretary posts to the skilled guys for a modestly fixed term and not for eternity, only then the youngsters gonna concentrate on inventions and publishing research journals. These babus are dime a dozen but albayrooni and tesla are only one
Please give us a solution.
 
Hope so.

Please give us a solution.


Read with https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/restructuring-and-reforming-civil-service-of-pakistan.574738/


1-Scrap hiring permanent gazetted officers wrt civil service altogether.recruit them from a rookie stage.


2- never give them power beyond a district. Hired and retired in the district.


3- make watchdog kinda committees constituting civil society and technical guys over every department like they do in the assemblies. Many would volunteer for them in their free time.


4- make every department chief answerable to the elected mayor and he in return to the city council and those committees.


5- hire professionals at provincial and federal level to serve as secretaries for a 3-5 years term. Besides Constitute more committees of nerds and layman like they would do in a district. This practice gonna revolutionize our education system and shall directly connect the technical head and the elected representatives with no middleman (pas) obstructing the state's business.


6- adopt American policing system with a local touch . No cop shall be transferred to any other city but he be rotated in the Thanas of his own city of domicile only . However the deputy and chief must be from some other city to curb nepotism and stagnant performance . This way we could quickly fix the responsibility and no I.g sy report talab kr li drama. Coz there won't be no ig left. Every chief and deputy will be held responsible for maintaining his city's law and order.


7- a cop must not be taken bonded labor from. He do his 8-10 hours shift he goes home with city govt paying for all the challans, fuel and stationery expenditures - - - - - - - -. Having said that the forensic and ballistic expert guys shall remain independent as an institution.


8- no civil servant must be sent on deputation in any other department period! Case in point no local cop, as there won't be no csp's, should go to FIA or anti corruption at any level. Coz he's not trained to investigate corporate crimes.


9-provincial anti corruption must be made an independent body like nab. The only interference they have is when the cm and opposition leader appoints its chief.


10- raising of a judicial police force to execute court orders working on the lines of us marshals and also composed of registered volunteers to decrease the expenses of the city govt is needed.


11- for all civil service employees other than the professional secrataries and d.g 's directly hired on contract a complete abandonment of the colonial seniority based promotion criterion by using fpsc, ppsc and nts to conduct performance based promotional exams for all govt entities.otheriwse keep working in the same pay scale or get retired.


12- a complete ban on allocating renovation, tea parties, luxury vehicles, villas, foreign scholarships budgets other than a decent 5-10 Marla govt quarter, health insurance and ta/da. Like they provide it to govt doctors, engineers lawyers etc. Fix a time span only after which a paint scheme or other wear and tear grant could be allowed like plumbing and other basic expenditures. That's it.


13- no minni trucks for anyone other than the police force as they are the one carrying the civil hard power. Any other guy working on field duty can very well discharge his functions using a 1000 cc of the department or of his own.


13- now if our primary aim is getting the service and not drawing a yearly lottery for an ordinary Joe like what they show in the hunger games then the recommendations I listed are very much practical, cost efficient and acceptable to all except for the csp's and specifically for the pas. Never give raw power into govt employee's hand and fix responsibility. Make everyone look out for everyone and that only happens when all are given balanced perks.

@Verve @Haris Ali2140
 
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In this thread, I will present the series of columns written by an ex-bureaucrat.
This will shed some light on what is actually the management problem of Pakistan. The author might not preset the real solution, but that I will present in last.

The original series is in Urdu, so I will use Google translator to present the translation is well(translation is pathetic). I will present the real source as well.

Part 1:
ڈیڑھ سال کے بعد عمران خان صاحب کی سول سروسز ریفارمز کمیٹی کی پٹاری سے جو برآمد ہوا ہے اس نے ہر بددیانت، چور، کرپٹ سیاستدان اور ہر طالع آزما، ہوسِ اقتدار میں غرق، مسند اقتدار پر موجود شخص کے ہاتھ میں ایک ایسا چابک تھما دیا ہے، جس کے خوف سے اعلیٰ سے اعلیٰ اور ادنی سے ادنیٰ سرکاری ملازم،ایک سدھائے ہوئے خوف زدہ ریچھ کی طرح انکے حکم پر ناچے گا۔ خان صاحب کی ٹیم کی ان ریفارمز میں ایمانداری کی حفاظت، غلط احکامات سے انکار، اور بددیانت وزراء وزرائے اعلیٰ اور وزرائے اعظم کے سامنے سینہ سپر ہونے والے شخص کے لیے کوئی تحفظ موجود نہیں ہے۔ ان ریفارمز کے بعد سول سرونٹ ایک ایسی گاڑی بن جائے گا جس کی اسٹیرنگ پر اگر ایک بددیانت شخص بیٹھے گا تو وہ اسے بھی تیز رفتاری کے ساتھ کرپشن کی منزل مقصود پر پہنچائے گا اور اگر اس بد دیانت حکمران نے اس کے بالا دست بیوروکریٹس ٹولے کو بھی قابو میں کیا ہوا ہے تو پھر ہر جھوٹے بد دیانت سول سرونٹ کی پرموشن کو پر لگ جائیں گے۔اسکے مقابلے میں اگر آپ سول سروس کو ٹھیک کرنا چاہتے ہو تو پہلے دیانت دار سیاستدان ڈھونڈو، پھر دیانتدار اعلیٰ بیوروکریٹ ڈھونڈو، اور جب تک وہ میسر آئیں گیاتنے عرصے میں خان صاحب کی ریفارمز پوری بیوروکریسی کو کرپشن، ناہلی اور بددیانتی کی دلدل میںدھکیل چکی ہو گی۔پاکستان کی سول سروس کو تباہ و برباد کرنیاور اسے نا اہل اور بددیانت بنانے کے جس سفر کا آغاز زوالفقارعلی بھٹو نے 1973ء کے آئین میں سے سول سروس کیلئے آئین میں موجود آئینی تحفظ کو ختم کرکے کیا تھا آج عمران خان صاحب کی ٹیم نے اس میں آخری کیل ٹھونک دی ہے۔ کیا بددیانتی، نااہلی اور کرپشن کا رونا سول سروس میں پہلی دفعہ رویا گیا ہے؟ اور کیا یہ رونا صرف پاکستان میں رویا جاتا ہے؟ پوری دنیا میں بیوروکریسی ایک ایسا ادارہ تصور ہوتی ہے جو خود اپنی اصلاح سے عاری، تبدیلی کا مخالف، سٹیٹس کو (Status Quo) کا حامی اور خودپسندی کا شکار ہوتا ہے۔ دنیا بھر میں پبلک ایڈمنسٹریشن پر اتھارٹی سمجھے والے اور بیوروکریسی، سول سروس کے بارے میں دنیا بھر کے لئے علمی اور تحقیقی کتب کا ذخیرہ چھوڑ جانے والوں کے نزدیک بیوروکریسی کا یہی خلاصہ ہے۔ان لکھاریوں میں دنیا کے ہر ملک اور ہر بڑی یونیورسٹی کے سکالرز شامل ہیں۔ بیوروکریسی انسانی تاریخ میں حکمرانوں کی اس وقت ضرورت بنی جب 3500 قبل مسیح میں دجلہ و فرات کے درمیان آباد بابل کی تہذیب میں انسان نے لکھنا شروع کیا۔ مٹی کی تختیوں پر فصلوں کا حساب و کتاب ہوتا اور پھر ان پر لگان لگایا جاتا۔ وہ چند لوگ جو پڑھنا لکھنا اور حساب کتاب جانتے تھے،اب بادشاہ کی حکمرانی کے لیے اہم ترین ضرورت بن گئے۔یوں بیوروکریسی کا گروہ وجود میں آگیا۔ فراعینِ مصر کے زمانے میں یہ سول سروس چند خاندانوں کی مہارت تصور ہوتی تھی جو نسل در نسل منتقل ہوتی رہتی۔ دریائے نیل کے کنارے آباد اس تہذیب میں روزمرہ انتظامی معاملات حل کرنے والے افراد ان ہی خاندانوںمیں سے چنے جاتے تھے۔ قدیم روم میں بیوروکریسی کے عہدے دار کو پرو کونسل (Proconsul) کہا جاتا تھا۔وہ عہدیدار جو کونسل یعنی سینٹ کے عطاء کردہ اختیارات کے مطابق عمل کرتا ہو۔ رومن تہذیب نے انسانی تاریخ میں سب سے پہلے سول اور ملٹری کمانڈ کے درمیان تفریق کی تھی۔ پرو کونسل ایک طرح کا سول گورنر ہوتا جس کے ماتحت فوج نہیں ہوتی تھی۔ فوج اپنے سپہ سالار کے ماتحت ہوتی جو بادشاہ کو جوابدہ ہوتا۔ انسانی تاریخ میں بادشاہ کو شیشے میں اتار کر اپنی مراعات میں اضافے اور کیڈر کو وسعت بھی رومن بیوروکریسی نے دلائی۔ رومن بادشاہ ڈائیو کلیٹیان (Dioclection) جو 284 عیسوی سے 305 عیسوی تک برسرِ اقتدار تھا، اس نے بیوروکریسی کے کہنے پر انتظامی اضلاع دگنے کردیے اور یوں بیوروکریٹس کی تعداد میں بے پناہ اضافہ ہوگیا۔ اضلاع اب اتنے چھوٹے ہوگئے تھے کہ لوگوں سے اکٹھا کیا جانے والا ٹیکس، انتظامیہ کے اخراجات کیلئے ناکافی ہوگیا۔ٹیکس مزید لگے، معاشی صورتحال خراب ہوئی اور یوں اس معاشی بدحالی اور انتظامی نااہلی نے رومن بادشاہت کی تباہی پر مہر تصدیق ثبت کر دی۔مرکزی روم سے علیحدہ ہوکر 395 عیسوی میں بازنطینی سلطنت نے قسطنطنیہ میں ایک اور مرکزِ اقتدار قائم کرکے قدیم عالمی طاقت کے حصے بخرے کر دیے۔ اس دور کے مشہور عیسائی مصنف لیکٹنیٹس (Lactantius) جوسب پہلے عیسائی ہونے والے رومن بادشاہ کانسٹنٹین (Constantine) کا مشیر تھا اور جسے رومن عیسائی ''سسرو'' کہتے ہیں، اس نے تحریر کیا ہے کہ رومن سلطنت کی بربادی، زوال اور تباہی کی اصل بنیاد یہی سول سروس ریفارمز تھیں۔ بیوروکریسی کا خوف ہی تھا کہ بازنطینی بادشاہوں نے ایک انتہائی پیچیدہ اور اشرافیہ پر مبنی سول سروس کا نظام تخلیق کیا جس میں لاتعداد سول اور ملٹری کیڈر ہوتے تھے۔ بادشاہ کو سینیٹ اور فوج دونوں مل کر منتخب کرتے تھے۔ بڑے شہروں کی بیوروکریسی اور فوج علیحدہ ہوتی اور صوبوں کی انتظامیہ اور فوج مختلف۔ آج بھی دنیا بھر میں لکھنے والے جب کسی ملک کی بیوروکریسی کی پیچیدگیوں اور خرابیوں کا ذکر کرتے ہیں اسے ''بازنطینی'' کا نام دیتے ہیں۔ آج کی جدید بیوروکریسی کا زیادہ تر تصور چین کی کوئین (Qin) خاندان کے دور یعنی 206 قبل مسیح کے زمانے میں قائم سول سروس سے مستعار لیا گیا ہے۔ اس دور میں پہلی دفعہ پورے چین کو ایک قانونی نظام کے تحت متحد کیا گیا تھا۔ اس سے پہلے چین میں بڑے بڑے خاندانوں کے بچوں کو سول سروس میں لیا جاتا یا انتظامی ذمہ داریاں سونپی جاتی تھیں اور یہ سول سرونٹ اپنے اپنے علاقوں میں بہت زیادہ خودمختار ہوتے تھے۔ سول سروس کے اس طریق کار کو ختم کر کے ایک مرکزی بیورو کریسی قائم کی گئی، جس میں ملک بھر سے ذہین افراد کوانٹرویو کے ذریعے بھرتی کیا جاتا تھا۔ اسکے بعد جب ہن (Han) خاندان برسراقتدار آیا تو انہوں نے مشہور چینی فلاسفر کنفولشیش کی تعلیمات کے مطابق ایک نئی سول سروس کا آغاز کیا۔اس خاندان کے بادشاہ وین (Wen) نے 165 قبل مسیح میں سول سروس میں بھرتی ہونے کے لئے مقابلے کے امتحانات کا آغاز کیا اور نوکری کیلئے اس میں کامیابی کی شرط رکھ دی۔یہ امتحان 618 عیسوی تک آتے آتے تنگ (Tang) خاندان کے زمانے میں پرموشن، اور یہاں تک اعلیٰ اور ذمہ دار عہدوں پر تعیناتی کے لیے بھی لازم کردیا گیا اور یوں امتحانات کا ایک مربوط نظام قائم ہو گیا۔ لیکن ابھی تک اعلیٰ عہدوں پر تعیناتی کے لیے بادشاہ یا حکمرانوں کی مرضی کو بہت اہمیت حاصل تھی۔ مگر جب سونگ (Song) خاندان برسراقتدار آیا تو انہوں نے اس کو بدل کر رکھ دیا اور اب صرف سول سروس کے امتحانات میں حاصل ہونیوالی اسناد کوہی اعلیٰ عہدوں پر تعیناتی کیلئے اہمیت دی جانے لگی۔ اس کیساتھ ساتھ سانگ خاندان نے انسانی تاریخ میں پہلی دفعہ مقابلے کے امتحان (Competitive Examinations) کا آغاز کیا۔پہلے صرف پاس ہونا ضروری سمجھا جاتا تھا مگر اس نظام کے تحت بہترین پوزیشن لینے والے افراد ہی بیوروکریسی کے اعلیٰ عہدوں کے مستحق ٹھہرائے جاتے۔ انسانی تاریخ کایہ بہترین نظام 1905ء تک قائم رہا۔اسکا زوال بھی عالمی طاقتوں کے درمیان معاشی رسہ کشی کی وجہ سے ہوا۔ دس مئی 1905ء کو چین نے امریکی مال کا وسیع پیمانے پر بائیکاٹ کردیا۔اسکی وجہ یہ تھی کہ اس لیے ان دنوں امریکہ نے بھی بالکل آج کے کرونا وائرس کی طرح 1903ء سے 1905ء تک امریکہ میں پھیلنے والی طاعون کو چینیوں کے کھاتے میں ڈال کر امریکہ میں موجود چینیوں کی آبادیوں پر کریک ڈاؤن شروع کردیے، یہاں تک کہ 1905ء کی سان فرانسسکو میں پھیلنے والے طاعون کے بعد چینیوںکی امریکہ میں امیگریشن پر پابندی کا قانون نافذ کردیا۔امریکی سی آئی اینے چینی علاقے تبت میں باقاعدہ منصوبہ بندی سے بغاوت کروادی۔ پورے چین میں افراتفری کا سماں پیدا ہوا اور اس کے ساتھ یہ پر امن ملک ایمرجنسیوں کی زد میں آگیا جس کیساتھ ہی اسکی شاندار سول سروس کا بھی خاتمہ ہوگیا (جاری ہے)
Translation part 1:
After a year and a half, what has been recovered from the beating of Imran Khan's Civil Services Reform Committee has put a whip in the hands of every misogynist, thief, corrupt politician and every scoundrel, drowning in lust, power. Given his fear, from high to high and from low to public servant, will dance at his command like a scared scared bear. These reforms of Khan's team have no protection for honesty, denial of wrong orders, and corrupt ministers for the chief minister and the prime minister. After these reforms, the civil servant will become a vehicle whose steering, if an unscrupulous person sits, will speed it up to the destination of corruption and if this unscrupulous ruler has taken over his bureaucrats. If you want to fix the civil service, find the honest politician first, then look for the honest high bureaucrat, and then when you want to fix the civil service, By the time he arrived, Khan's reforms were being blamed for corruption, incompetence and corruption throughout the bureaucracy. The journey that led to the dismantling and disqualification of Pakistan's civil service and the disqualification of Pakistan started by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ended the constitutional protection of the constitution for civil service from the 1973 constitution today. The team has put the final nail in it. Is the cry of misconduct, incompetence and corruption the first time weeping in the civil service? And is this weeping only heard in Pakistan? Bureaucracy is a concept all over the world that is self-sustaining, anti-change, supportive of status quo and self-reliant. This is a summary of bureaucracy for those who understand the authority of public administration around the world, and for those who have left a repository of scholarly and research books on civil service worldwide. These authors include countries from all over the world and every major university. Scholarships included. Bureaucracy became the need of rulers in human history when humanity began to write in Babylonian civilization between the Euphrates and the Euphrates in 3500 BC. Crops were accounted for on the plinth and then planted on them. Those few who knew how to read and write, now became the most important requirement for the rule of the king. This group of bureaucracy came into being. In the time of the Pharaohs of Egypt, the civil service was considered to be a skill of a few families, which was passed down from generation to generation. In this civilization on the banks of the Nile, those who deal with everyday affairs were chosen from these families. In ancient Rome, a bureaucracy official was called a Proconsul. An official who acted in accordance with the powers granted by the council. Roman civilization first distinguished between civil and military command in human history. The Pro Council was a kind of civil governor with no army under it. The army was under his commander, who was responsible to the king. The Roman bureaucracy also encouraged the king to expand his privileges and expand the cadre in human history. The Roman king, Diocletian, who ruled from 284 CE to 305 CE, doubled the administrative districts at the behest of the bureaucracy, and the number of bureaucrats increased dramatically. The districts were now so small that the taxes collected by the people were insufficient to cover the expenses of the administration. Taxes increased, the economic situation worsened, and this economic misery and administrative disqualification registered the destruction of the Roman Empire. Separating from Central Rome in 395 CE, the Byzantine Empire established another center of power in Constantinople and destroyed parts of the ancient world power. The well-known Christian author of this period, Lactantius, who was the adviser of Constantine, a former Christian Roman king, and called the Roman Christian "Cicero", wrote that the ruin, fall and destruction of the Roman Empire. This was the basis of civil service reform. The fear of the bureaucracy was that the Byzantine monarchs created a highly sophisticated and elite civil service system consisting of numerous civil and military cadres. Both the Senate and the army were chosen by the king together. The bureaucracy and army of the major cities are separate and the administration and army of the provinces are different.
Even today writers around the world refer to the complexities and drawbacks of a country's bureaucracy as "Byzantine". Much of today's modern bureaucracy has been borrowed from the civilian service of the Qin dynasty of China, dating back to 206 BC. For the first time in this period the whole of China was united under a legal system. Prior to this, children from large families in China were given civil service or assigned administrative responsibilities, and these civil servants were very independent in their respective territories. This process of civil service was abolished and a central bureaucracy was established, in which intelligent people from all over the country were recruited through the interview. Then when the Han family came to power, they started a new civil service in accordance with the teachings of the famous Chinese philosopher Confuclius. King Wen of that family competed for enlistment in the civil service in 165 BC. Started the exams and laid the conditions for success in the job. These exams were made mandatory for the promotion of the Tang Dynasty, up to 618 CE, and even for the appointment of high and responsible positions. Thus an integrated system of examinations was established. But still the will of the kings or rulers was of paramount importance for the appointment of high officials. But when the Song Dynasty came to power, they changed it and now only the certificates obtained in the Civil Service examinations started to be given importance for deployment to higher positions. Along with this, the Sang family started the Competitive Examinations for the first time in human history. At first it was considered necessary to pass, but under this system, those who took the best positions would be eligible for the highest bureaucracy positions. The best system of human history existed until 1905. The decline was also caused by economic coercion between world powers. On May 10, 1905, China boycotted the widespread deportation of American goods. The reason was that, in those days, the United States, like the present-day Corona virus, put the plague that spread to the United States from 1903 to 1905 into the Chinese account. The crackdown on Chinese settlers in the United States began, even after the outbreak of San Francisco in 1905, the Chinese imposed a law banning immigration to the United States. ۔ All over China, chaos ensued, and with it came a peaceful country of emergency, with which its brilliant civil service also ended (continued)

Link To the article
Can we have a link to said reforms? So we can decide for ourselves how much weight there is in these pre warnings
 
Can we have a link to said reforms? So we can decide for ourselves how much weight there is in these pre warnings
Members of PTI are in preparation phase. Although ex bureaucrats, such as this guy, are shouting loud, and so far no press release by the govt.
Few glimpse of what is going on behind the scenes is as below:
The link
 
Can we have a link to said reforms? So we can decide for ourselves how much weight there is in these pre warnings
Nice to know you are a phd, is it related to science or non-science (if you don’t mind my asking, reply not necessary) ?
 

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