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Microwave photonics-based radar imaging chip the size of a sand grain successfully developed and applied to high-resolution(1.3cm) imaging radar

我国微波光子雷达成像分辨技术已达国际领先

2019-04-28 22:35:59

来源:科技日报

科技日报4月27日消息,“我们已经研制出微波光子雷达成像芯片,像砂粒一样小,比传统雷达设备小一万倍。它不仅可用于安全领域,在无人驾驶汽车等也可以大展身手。”4月27日,在2019全国微波光子雷达技术研讨会上,南京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院副院长、雷达成像与微波光子技术教育部重点实验室副主任潘时龙告诉记者,我国在微波光子雷达部分技术领域已取得较大进展,成像雷达分辨率达1.3厘米,已领先其他国家。

微波光子技术被美、俄、欧认为是决定“未来战场优势”的关键技术。微波光子学是利用光子技术完成微波、毫米波、THz波系统中复杂甚至是无法完成的信号产生、处理、传输与控制等功能。

微波光子雷达利用光子技术,能够有效提升雷达系统的目标分辨率、作用距离、响应速度等关键性能,有助于实现侦察、干扰、探测、通信的一体化。

20190428222326871.gif


对低空飞行的小型无人机实时成像动图
(Real-time motion imaging of a small UAV flying at low altitude)


“微波光子雷达带宽大,可支持多频段、多信号协同工作,实现高分辨率成像、多目标识别和低RCS目标探测。同时,可以显著提升信噪比和改善因子,大大改善强杂波中微弱信号的检测能力。可以产生和处理适应各种复杂环境的信号波形,拓展了信号自由度。” 中国工程院院士、南航电子信息工程学院院长贲德认为其优势明显,“比如1千兆到100千兆是微波光子雷达工作的频段,现有雷达对这个频段显得有些无能为力。”

目前,美国、俄罗斯、欧盟等都在开展实用化微波光子雷达相关的研究。在我国,以中国科学院、南京航空航天大学为代表,诸多高校和研究所均开展了一系列的关键技术攻关和探索。已经初步掌握了光子任意波形产生技术、超宽带信号光子采集技术、超宽带信号光子波束控制技术、超宽带信号光子处理技术等微波光子雷达的初步技术。

本次研讨会邀请了国内微波光子雷达领域17位著名专家,就光子技术在雷达领域的应用做特邀报告,共同探讨微波光子技术如何进一步促进雷达发展升级。
Hendrik_2000 at SDF had the article translated (thanks for that!) as follows:

Via @cirr

Microwave photonics-based radar imaging chip the size of a sand grain successfully developed and applied to high-resolution (1.3cm) imaging radar

China's microwave photon radar imaging resolution technology has reached the international leading

2019-04-28 22:35:59

Source: Science and Technology Daily

NEWS – 27 April: "We have developed a microwave photon radar imaging chip, as small as sand grains, 10,000 times smaller than traditional radar equipment. It can be used not only in the security field, but also in driverless cars. On April 27th, at the 2019 National Microwave Photonic Radar Technology Symposium, Pan Shilong, Deputy Dean of the School of Electronics and Information Engineering of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Deputy Director of the Ministry of Education of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics Technology, told reporters that China has made great progress in the field of microwave photonic radar technology. The resolution of imaging radar is 1.3 cm, which is ahead of other countries.

Microwave photon technology is considered by the United States, Russia, and Europe as the key technology to determine the “future battlefield advantage.” Microwave photonics is a photon technology that performs complex, even incomplete, signal generation, processing, transmission, and control functions in microwave, millimeter-wave, and THz wave systems.

Microwave photonic radar can effectively improve the target performance, range and response speed of the radar system by using photon technology, which is helpful for the integration of reconnaissance, interference, detection and communication.

<See the GIF pic>
Real-time motion imaging of a small UAV flying at low altitude

"Microwave photonic radar has large bandwidth and can support multi-band and multi-signal cooperation to achieve high-resolution imaging, multi-target recognition and low RCS target detection. At the same time, it can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and improvement factor, and greatly improve the strong clutter. The ability to detect weak signals can generate and process signal waveforms that adapt to various complex environments and expand the degree of freedom of signals.”

Yan De, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Dean of the School of Electronic Information Engineering of China Southern Airlines, believes that its advantages are obvious, “such as 1 Gigabit to 100 Gigabit is the frequency band for microwave photon radar operation. Existing radars seem to be incapable of this band.”

At present, the United States, Russia, and the European Union are conducting research on practical microwave photonic radar. In China, represented by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Nanjing Aerospace University, many universities and research institutes have carried out a series of key technical research and exploration. The preliminary techniques of photon arbitrary waveform generation technology, ultra-wideband signal photon acquisition technology, ultra-wideband signal photon beam control technology, ultra-wideband signal photon processing technology and other microwave photon radars have been mastered.

This seminar invited 17 famous experts in the field of microwave photon radar to make a special report on the application of photon technology in the radar field, and jointly explore how microwave photonic technology can further promote the development and upgrade of radar.
 
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China’s meter wave anti-stealth radar capable of guiding missiles to destroy stealth aircraft: senior designer
By Liu Xuanzun Source:Global Times Published: 2019/5/23 17:18:41

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A JY-27A long-range air surveillance & guidance radar is seen during the 12th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition, also known as Airshow China 2018, in Zhuhai, South China's Guangdong Province, on 7 November, 2018. Photo: IC

China's meter wave anti-stealth radar can not only detect advanced stealth aircraft, but also guide missiles to destroy them, a senior Chinese radar designer said at a recent interview.

Meter wave radar can be deployed on vehicles, on land and warships, creating a dense web that gives hostile stealth aircraft nowhere to hide, Chinese military experts told the Global Times on Thursday.

"As long as they are designed to serve this purpose, meter wave anti-stealth radars can fulfill the requirement," Wu Jianqi, a senior scientist at the state-owned China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC) who conducts researches and designs anti-stealth radar, said when asked in an interview with the Naval & Merchant Ships magazine whether a meter wave radar can guide missiles to shoot down stealth aircraft.

Meter wave radars can detect stealth aircraft because modern stealth aircraft are mainly designed to avoid detection by microwave radar, and are less stealthy to meter wave radar, military experts noted.

However, analysts previously said that because of their low resolution and accuracy, meter wave radars can only send warnings about incoming threats. And even if microwave radars compensate for the shortcomings of the meter wave radars, they are unable to entirely overcome these shortcomings.

Wei Dongxu, a Beijing-based military analyst, told the Global Times that older meter wave radars could only see roughly an object's general direction, not its exact location.

Wu solved the issue by designing the world's first practical meter wave sparse array synthetic impulse and aperture radar, according to the magazine.

Wu said that his radar has multiple transmitting and receiving antennas tens of meters high, scattered in a range of tens to hundreds of meters. They can continuously cover the sky as the radar receives echoes from all directions.

Wei said that this significantly enhances the radar's ability to track an aerial target, pinpointing the stealth aircraft's exact coordinates by synthesizing parameters and data gathered by the radar under the support of advanced algorithms.

Since the radar can now see stealth aircraft clearly and track them continuously and accurately, it could become capable of guiding long-range anti-aircraft missiles and land precision strikes on them, Wei said.

Although other countries like Russia are also developing meter wave radar, Wu seems confident that China's are the best.

"As for now, I do not see a meter wave air defense radar from abroad that can match the criteria of the advanced meter wave radar [like the one China has]," Wu said.
 
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New radar system immune to 'radar killer' missiles
By Liu Xuanzun Source:Global Times Published: 2019/6/10 17:58:40

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Radar expert Liu Yongtan (right) and defense engineering expert Qian Qihu were given the 2018 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award — the nation's highest scientific award — in Beijing on January 8. Photo:VCG

China's maritime early warning radar system is immune to "radar killer" missiles and is capable of detecting stealth aircraft, according to its developer in a recent interview with media.

The maritime radar system, developed by a team led by Chinese academician Liu Yongtan, can detect naval and aerial hostiles hundreds of kilometers away under any weather condition.

It features high frequency electromagnetic waves that have long wavelengths and wide beams, Liu said in an interview with the Naval and Merchant Ships magazine published this month.

While electromagnetic waves emitted by a normal radar travel in straight lines and, since the Earth is round, cannot help see what is beyond the horizon, the high frequency ones used by Liu's radar travel along the sea surface, and he said this makes it possible to detect and monitor vessels and aircraft beyond visual range.

The long wavelengths used by the system mean it could also detect stealth aircraft, Liu said. This is because current stealth aircraft are mainly designed to hide from microwaves and not waves of longer wavelengths, experts said.

The radar can also avoid attacks from anti-radiation missiles, thanks to the waves' wide beams, because such missiles cannot carry antenna large enough (to track them), Liu said.

Wei Dongxu, a Beijing-based military analyst, told the Global Times on Monday that stealth aircraft and anti-radiation missiles are two killers of radars.

Normal radars cannot detect stealth aircraft, and they would have to destroy radars first to let non-stealth aircraft in safely. An anti-radiation missile tracks an electromagnetic wave source, so it is the natural enemy of radars, Wei explained.

Liu's radar has a much higher chance of survival in a potential attack and can provide an umbrella for a sneak attack from stealth aircraft, Wei said.

A land-based version of the system can detect naval and aerial hostiles hundreds of kilometers away, which helps expand China's maritime early warning and defense depth, Liu said. Variants of the system can also be equipped on ships, providing them with early warning capabilities in the high seas with a much farther detection range, he said.

In January, Liu received the 2018 State Preeminent Science and Technology Award — the nation's highest scientific award with 8 million yuan ($1.17 million) prize — for his contributions to the development of the radar system.

Military experts said that Liu was awarded because he substantially enhanced the China's capability to resist external threats, as the radar system is dubbed a "country's first line of defense."
 
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