Chinese Agent Caught while Stealing F-22 stealth Technology.

[roshangjha]

rubbish! yindian invented zero symbol . the world can make up another symbol easily..lol

Yeah... Yeah... Whatever.

Go and do it instead of Ranting about it.

Research before you post.

 

[jai231179]

you indians are so stuck with agent V movie altest they have the balls and brians to do it

Agent Vinod you mean? The new Saif Ali Khan flick? Hah! I knew it! All these chest-thumping Indiaphobes had to end up being closet Bollywood lovers

Enjoy!

 

[qwerrty]

Yeah... Yeah... Whatever.

Go and do it instead of Ranting about it.

Research before you post.

LOL



0 (number)

History
Mesopotamia

By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, the Babylonian mathematics had a sophisticated sexagesimal positional numeral system. The lack of a positional value (or zero) was indicated by a space between sexagesimal numerals. By 300 BC, a punctuation symbol (two slanted wedges) was co-opted as a placeholder in the same Babylonian system. In a tablet unearthed at Kish (dating from about 700 BC), the scribe Bêl-bân-aplu wrote his zeros with three hooks, rather than two slanted wedges.[8]

The Babylonian placeholder was not a true zero because it was not used alone. Nor was it used at the end of a number. Thus numbers like 2 and 120 (2×60), 3 and 180 (3×60), 4 and 240 (4×60), looked the same because the larger numbers lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder. Only context could differentiate them.

India

The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division.[9][10] The Indian scholar Pingala (circa 5th-2nd century BC) used binary numbers in the form of short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), making it similar to Morse code.[11][12] He and his contemporary Indian scholars used the Sanskrit word śūnya to refer to zero or void. The use of a blank on a counting board to represent 0 dated back in India to 4th century BC.[13] In 498 AD, Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata stated that "Sthanam sthanam dasa gunam" or place to place in ten times in value, which is the origin of the modern decimal-based place value notation.[14]

The oldest known text to use a decimal place-value system, including a zero, is the Jain text from India entitled the Lokavibhâga, dated 458 AD, where shunya ("void" or "empty") was employed for this purpose.[15] The first known use of special glyphs for the decimal digits that includes the indubitable appearance of a symbol for the digit zero, a small circle, appears on a stone inscription found at the Chaturbhuja Temple at Gwalior in India, dated 876 AD.[16][17] There are many documents on copper plates, with the same small o in them, dated back as far as the sixth century AD, but their authenticity may be doubted.[8]

China

Since the 4th century BC, counting rods were used in China for decimal calculation s including the use of blank spaces. Chinese mathematicians understood negative numbers and zero, some mathematicians indicated the for the latter with wúrù (無入 "no entry"), kōng (空 "empty") and the frame-like symbol 口/囗, until Gautama Siddha introduced the symbol 0 in the 8th century.[18][19]

Prior to that, The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, composed in the 1st century AD, had already explicitly stated "[when subtracting] subtract same signed numbers, add differently signed numbers, subtract a positive number from zero to make a negative number, and subtract a negative number from zero to make a positive number."[20]

The Arab world

The Hindu-Arabic numerals and the positional number system were introduced around 500 AD, and in 825 AD, it was introduced by a Persian scientist, al-Khwārizmī,[21] in his book on arithmetic. This book synthesized Greek and Hindu knowledge and also contained his own fundamental contribution to mathematics and science including an explanation of the use of zero. It was only centuries later, in the 12th century, that the Arabic numeral system was introduced to the Western world through Latin translations of his treatise Arithmetic.

Greeks and Romans

Records show that the ancient Greeks seemed unsure about the status of zero as a number. They asked themselves, "How can nothing be something?", leading to philosophical and, by the Medieval period, religious arguments about the nature and existence of zero and the vacuum. The paradoxes of Zeno of Elea depend in large part on the uncertain interpretation of zero.
Example of the early Greek symbol for zero (lower right corner) from a 2nd century papyrus

By 130 AD, Ptolemy, influenced by Hipparchus and the Babylonians, was using a symbol for zero (a small circle with a long overbar) within a sexagesimal numeral system otherwise using alphabetic Greek numerals. Because it was used alone, not just as a placeholder, this Hellenistic zero was perhaps the first documented use of a number zero in the Old World. However, the positions were usually limited to the fractional part of a number (called minutes, seconds, thirds, fourths, etc.)—they were not used for the integral part of a number. In later Byzantine manuscripts of Ptolemy's Syntaxis Mathematica (also known as the Almagest), the Hellenistic zero had morphed into the Greek letter omicron (otherwise meaning 70).

Another zero was used in tables alongside Roman numerals by 525 (first known use by Dionysius Exiguus), but as a word, nulla meaning "nothing", not as a symbol. When division produced zero as a remainder, nihil, also meaning "nothing", was used. These medieval zeros were used by all future medieval computists (calculators of Easter). The initial "N" was used as a zero symbol in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or his colleague around 725.

The Americas

The back of Olmec stela C from Tres Zapotes, the second oldest Long Count date discovered. The numerals 7.16.6.16.18 translate to September, 32 BC (Julian). The glyphs surrounding the date are thought to be one of the few surviving examples of Epi-Olmec script.

The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar developed in south-central Mexico and Central America required the use of zero as a place-holder within its vigesimal (base-20) positional numeral system. Many different glyphs, including this partial quatrefoil—MAYA-g-num-0-inc-v1.svg—were used as a zero symbol for these Long Count dates, the earliest of which (on Stela 2 at Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas) has a date of 36 BC.[22] Since the eight earliest Long Count dates appear outside the Maya homeland,[23] it is assumed that the use of zero in the Americas predated the Maya and was possibly the invention of the Olmecs. Many of the earliest Long Count dates were found within the Olmec heartland, although the Olmec civilization ended by the 4th century BC, several centuries before the earliest known Long Count dates.s lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder. Only context could differentiate them.

Although zero became an integral part of Maya numerals, it did not influence Old World numeral systems. Quipu, a knotted cord device, used in the Inca Empire and its predecessor societies in the Andean region to record accounting and other digital data, is encoded in a base ten positional system. Zero is represented by the absence of a knot in the appropriate position.
As a number

0 is the integer immediately preceding 1. In most cultures, 0 was identified before the idea of negative things (quantities) that go lower than zero was accepted. Zero is an even number,[24] because it is divisible by 2. 0 is neither positive nor negative. By most definitions[25] 0 is a natural number, and then the only natural number not to be positive. Zero is a number which quantifies a count or an amount of null size.

The value, or number, zero is not the same as the digit zero, used in numeral systems using positional notation. Successive positions of digits have higher weights, so inside a numeral the digit zero is used to skip a position and give appropriate weights to the preceding and following digits. A zero digit is not always necessary in a positional number system, for example, in the number 02. In some instances, a leading zero may be used to distinguish a number.
As a year label
Main article: 0 (year)

In the BC calendar era, the year 1 BC is the first year before AD 1; no room is reserved for a year zero. By contrast, in astronomical year numbering, the year 1 BC is numbered 0, the year 2 BC is numbered −1, and so on.[26]
0 (number) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/4107
A Brief History of Zero and Indian Numerals



The Chinese had a multiplicative system with the base 10, probably derived from the Chinese counting board. By the fourth century BC the counting board, a checker board with rows and columns, had come into use there. Numbers were represented by little rods made from bamboo or ivory. The abacus was introduced in China around the fourteenth century AD. Somewhere around or before the year 600 AD (the exact place and date remains uncertain) Indians dropped symbols for numbers higher than 9 and began to use symbols for 1 through 9 in our familiar place-value arrangement. Authors James E. McClellan and Harold Dorn speculate whether “The appearance of zero within the context of Indian mathematics may possibly be due to specifically Indian religio-philosophical notions of ‘nothingness.’” This is controversial but worth considering. Ideas have practical consequences, and it sounds plausible that the concept of “nothingness” would have greater cultural resonance in a country influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism than in Christian-dominated Europe, for example.

The question nevertheless remains why Indians dropped their own multiplicative system and introduced the place-value system, including a symbol for zero. We currently don’t know for sure. Victor J. Katz elaborates in his fine A History of Mathematic, Second Edition:

“It has been suggested, however, that the true origins of the system in India may be found in the Chinese counting board. Counting boards were portable. Certainly, Chinese traders who visited India brought them along. In fact, since southeast Asia is the border between Hindu culture and Chinese influence, it may well have been the area in which the interchange took place. Perhaps what happened was that the Indians were impressed with the idea of using only nine symbols, but they took for their symbols the ones they had already been using. They then improved the Chinese system of counting rods by using exactly the same symbols for each place value rather than alternating two types of symbols in the various places. And because they needed to be able to write numbers in some form, rather than just have them on the counting board, they were forced to use a symbol, the dot and later the circle, to represent the blank column of the counting board. If this theory is correct, it is somewhat ironic that Indian scientists then returned the favor and brought this new system back to China early in the eighth century.”

A decimal place-value system for integers definitely existed in India by the eighth century AD, possibly earlier. Although decimal fractions were used in China, in India there is no early evidence of their use. It was the Muslims who “completed the Indian written decimal place-value system by introducing these decimal fractions.”

 

[Bobby]

You dont respect other races do you Mr Humble China man??

Chinese dont respect anybody..that's why world dont respect them

Being the largest weapon importer with virtually no high tech indigenous weapon is indeed ashamed.

Atleast nobody can call us thieves or begger....

you indians are so stuck with agent V movie altest they have the balls and brians to do it

Ha ha .. interesting...then ..what will you call a rapist...

 

[OrionHunter]

They are accused of conspiring to buy unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, as well as E-2C Hawkeye surveillance airplanes and stealth technology related to F-22 fighter planes.

So one can buy drones, E-2C Hawkeye surveillance airplanes and stealth technology related to F-22 fighter planes off the shelf? Are they available at Harrods and Walmart? I wanna lay my hands on a E-2C Hawkeye so I can keep a hawk's eye on my girlfriend!!

 

[Rusty]

I always find it hilarious when Indians complain of theft of IP.
Indian's live in the worlds biggest glass house and they still think they can throw rocks.
The entire drug industry in India is based on stolen IP from the west.
In fact it was only in 2005 that they decided to stop stealing, but even then they say they will continue to steal drugs made before 1995.

And of course let's not forget the rampant piracy in India.
Indians are used to the taste of shoes since they seem to put their foot in their mouths so often,
They can't even tell when they are doing it.

 

[peaceful]

You dont respect other races do you Mr Humble China man??

indian or westerns are not considered as a race.

learn something first.

 

[chauism]

So you r proud about stealing....?

When China does industrial espionage it is called stealing, and when Israeli Mossad covertly successfully obtained the blueprint of Mirage IIIC from Francen because of the embargo it is called the greatest industrial espionage work. What is with the double standard here?

Interesting thing about industrial espionage is that everyone is doing that even between allies (France spying on US). During the early 1990s, France was described as one of the most aggressive pursuers of espionage to garner foreign industrial and technological secrets.http://www.hanford.gov/files.cfm/frenchesp.pdf

One of the earlist case of industrial espionage was actually done to China by Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles involving technique of manufacturing porcelain, raising silkworms, and manufacturing artificial flowers and synthetic pearls, and practicing oral vaccination against smallpox. Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

[peaceful]

Chinese dont respect anybody..that's why world dont respect them

you should go out more often and see whether Chinese or indians have more respect overseas.

When China does industrial espionage it is called stealing, and when Israeli Mossad covertly successfully obtained the blueprint of Mirage IIIC from Francen because of the embargo it is called the greatest industrial espionage work. What is with the double standard here?

Interesting thing about industrial espionage is that everyone is doing that even between allies (France spying on US). During the early 1990s, France was described as one of the most aggressive pursuers of espionage to garner foreign industrial and technological secrets.http://www.hanford.gov/files.cfm/frenchesp.pdf

One of the earlist case of industrial espionage was actually done to China by Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles involving technique of manufacturing porcelain, raising silkworms, and manufacturing artificial flowers and synthetic pearls, and practicing oral vaccination against smallpox. Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

don't waste your time with those indians.

their IQ is 85!

 

[Contract Killer]

rubbish! yindian invented zero symbol . the world can make up another symbol easily..lol

Ya ya.... we know chinese. they can easily do it.

you should go out more often and see whether Chinese or indians have more respect overseas.





don't waste your time with those indians.

their IQ is 85!

We don't need to steal any thing.

We don't need to copy anything.

So we are happy with this IQ level.

What about you guys???? Even with those super IQ, any invention? Any latest tech created by you?

 

[amidamaru]

i think you will find the west was WELL AHEAD of china when by the time they had ANYTHING to do with china at all lol

so think again

 

[peaceful]

i think you will find the west was WELL AHEAD of china when by the time they had ANYTHING to do with china at all lol

in your parallel universe.

We don't need to steal any thing.

We don't need to copy anything.

you didn't get the point, did you?

if india is given the full design details of intel processor, boeing airliner, can india build it? no, it can't.
because it is not industralized, you don't have the ability to produce the raw material in the first place.

that is why you don't do that - because such information is not useful.

even after high IQ ppl need to stole it. chinese must be so lazy to use their IQ .

dude, it is well observed and reported by the entire world that indians are considered as lazy.

read more and see the real image of india/indian.

 

[lightoftruth]

in your parallel universe.



you didn't get the point, did you?

if india is given the full design details of intel processor, boeing airliner, can india build it? no, it can't.
because it is not industralized, you don't have the ability to produce the raw material in the first place.

that is why you don't do that - because such information is not useful.



dude, it is well observed and reported by the entire world that indians are considered as lazy.

read more and see the real image of india/indian.

as if we care , if we go through worlds opinion Chinese ppl stinks but that not what we believe. some countries shameful actions shows that they lack the ability to use their "IQ".

 

[sangsharma]

in your parallel universe.



you didn't get the point, did you?

if india is given the full design details of intel processor, boeing airliner, can india build it? no, it can't.
because it is not industralized, you don't have the ability to produce the raw material in the first place.

that is why you don't do that - because such information is not useful.



dude, it is well observed and reported by the entire world that indians are considered as lazy.

read more and see the real image of india/indian.

Better to be lazy instead.

 

[peaceful]

as if we care , if we go through worlds opinion Chinese ppl stinks but that not what we believe. some countries shameful actions shows that they lack the ability to use their "IQ".

if we go through worlds opinion Chinese ppl stinks? really?

trust me dude, indians are considered as dishonest, dirty, noisy, poor in general.

Better to be lazy instead.

I think I made a minor mistake - a lot of low caste Indians work hard, but a lot of indians with whiter skin are damn lazy.