topjumper
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I have said it before here and I will repeat: There is no such thing as 'military technology', only the adoption and adaptation of technology for military uses.
The only way for China to have as active the adoption and adaptation of technology for military uses as the US is for China to have fundamental changes at the societal level. The US DoD thru DARPA encourages civilians to investigate and innovate, allow the new technologies to mature and it does not need to be widespread among the civilian sector to mature, re: the Internet for example, then the US military will adopt and adapt. This 'catch up' is under the assumption that the US will remain static. Good luck with your assumption.
Then you do not know much.
Now now gambit, let's not play with word games. While it is true that there are many branches of science that have potential military applications, such as fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, computer science, materials engineering, mechanical engineering just to name a few, it is nonetheless entirely valid for one to collectively refer the subsets of these sciences applicable to military weaponry as military technology, however wide this definition may seem, it was nevertheless appropriate for someone to make his/her point.
I think the essential point you were making is that the United States by far is leading in many branches of scientific research at civilian/commercial institutions such as universities, engineering firms etc, and these researches will be beneficial to your military weaponry developments as well as others. I have to agree with you on this one -- the US is by far the world's leader in annually registered patents, published research papers etc just look at a few research capability indicators, but I also think in your post you were somewhat suggesting that the current Chinese society/social system does not encourage or is not as suitable for scientific research at civilian institutions compared to the US, that I must disagree.
In fact education, science and technology development has consistently been the focus of the Chinese government ever since Deng Xiao Ping era, while many US politicians have backgrounds in law, banking, business etc, in China the top politicians are engineers/technologists, for example president Jiang Zemin is a graduate in electrical engineering from a top chinese university, the current president Hu Jintao was a hydraulic engineer from Tsinghua university, it may not mean much in practice but it does give you an indication of how much respect/focus people in china have for science and technology. If we look at the number of patents filed per year by country as a rough guide on indigenous research capability(however imperfect this indicator is) -- 10 years ago China's patent filings was not even 1/10 of the US total, but by 2008 China's total filing was 203,257 while the US total was 389,073, and in 2008 its education budget increased over 45% compared to 2007 and this trend is continuing.
I am not debating for the fact that US is the leader in world class research in many fields and it has the capability to attract the world's leading scientists, I have immense respect for your great country in that field, but I would just like to point out to you that China in fact is catching up on the US in terms of education and scientific research, you don't have to stand still (or remain "static" in your word) for the rest of the world to catch up on you, other countries just need to focus on research more and develop faster to catch up, to simply suggest that your society is best suited for research and other countries can only copy your model and forever play the catch up game is -- an inaccurate if not ignorant (forgive my bluntness) assessment from your part in my opinion.
Regards.