China's most advanced export anti-ship missile CM302 is about to be delivered Iron Brothers Pakistan

[Adam WANG SHANGHAI MEGA]

China's most advanced export anti-ship missile CM302 is about to be delivered Iron Brothers Pakistan: performance far exceeds BrahMos

中国最先进出口反舰导弹即将交付他们：性能远超布拉莫斯
原创 战略吐槽秀 2018-02-11 12:14:07
Original strategy Tucao show 2018-02-11 12:14:07
China's most advanced anti-ship missiles will soon be delivered to them: the performance far exceeds BrahMos

据巴基斯坦媒体报道，巴基斯坦很可能从中国引进CM302型反舰导弹，这种反舰导弹虽然只是一款出口型号，比我国海军装备的YJ12型要落后不少，但却比俄罗斯和印度研制的布拉莫斯型反舰导弹要强出不少，之前印度宣称要出口布拉莫斯型反舰导弹，周边国家对此非常不愉快。因此，我国向巴基斯坦出口CM302并不奇怪，巴基斯坦在装备CM302以后，完全有能力解决绝大多数的海上遭遇战，尤其是改进以后的CM302还可以空射，虽然高达2吨的重量很难在巴基斯坦的战机上发射，但巴基斯坦完全可以从中国进口歼轰7战机，这种战机不但可以挂载CM302，还可以挂载YJ83的出口型即C803执行作战任务，这比印度海军的布拉莫斯+KH31组合要强大太多。
According to Pakistani media reports, Pakistan is likely to introduce CM302 anti-ship missiles from China. Although this anti-ship missile is only an export model, it lags behind the YJ12 model of our naval equipment. However, it is better than the cloths developed by Russia and India Ramos-type anti-ship missiles to be out a lot stronger, before India announced that it wants to export Brahmos anti-ship missiles, neighboring countries are very unpleasant. Therefore, it is not surprising that Pakistan exported CM302 to Pakistan. Having equipped the CM302, Pakistan was fully capable of resolving most of the maritime encounters. In particular, the CM302 after its improvement could also be air-launched. Although the weight of up to 2 tons is hard to find in Pakistan Of the fighters on the launch, but Pakistan can fully import F-7 fighters from China, this fighter not only can mount CM302, you can also mount YJ83 export-oriented C803 combat operations, which is better than the Indian Navy's BrahMos + KH31 combination to be strong and too much.

印度的布拉莫斯导弹号称俄罗斯和印度联合研制，但实际上绝大多数的技术和相关的设备都来自于俄罗斯，印度更多只是提供资金，尤其是布拉莫斯的所有零备件中有超过60%都是国外进口。但这款导弹毕竟还是有一些威慑能力的，尤其是印度近年以来已经展开了空射实验，虽然苏30MKI战机只能一次在机腹中线挂载1枚布拉莫斯导弹，但毕竟已经具备了空射能力，空射导弹因为动力和载机速度上的优势，射程至少可以提升20%左右，远远超过普通导弹的水准。



按照印度宣称的2.8马赫速度和280千米的射程，CM302可以远远超出，虽然受到国际条约限制，CM302的射程只有290千米，但CM302可以用3.5马赫以上的速度执行打击任务，而CM302的弹头也更加先进一些，其300千克级的半穿甲弹头只需要1枚就能击沉一艘8000吨级的大型战舰，一架歼轰7A在执行作战任务的时候可以挂载2枚CM302+2枚C803，4枚导弹可以轻松击沉印度的绝大多数战舰。巴基斯坦采购了我国大量的反舰导弹，早在上世纪80年代，巴基斯坦就先后进口了C701和C802/C803型反舰导弹，这几种导弹都是在中国海军中率先装备，随后巴基斯坦采购了这种导弹。
India's Brahmos missile claimed that Russia and India jointly developed, but in fact most of the technology and related equipment are from Russia, India is more than just providing funds, especially all the spare parts BrahMos More than 60% are imported. After all, this missile still has some deterrent capabilities. In particular, India has launched an air-to-air experiment in recent years. Although the Su-30MKI fighter can only mount one BrahMos missile in the midline once, it is already available Air-launched capabilities, air-launched missiles because of power and speed advantages, the range can be increased at least about 20%, far more than the average level of missiles.

在前两年，巴基斯坦又购买了我国的C-602型反舰导弹，这种反舰导弹不但拥有打击水面战舰的能力，还拥有改编成对地攻击导弹的能力，巴基斯坦试射这种反舰导弹以后，还让这款导弹具备了潜射的那能力，威慑能力大大提升。此次巴基斯坦购买CM-302也并不奇怪，巴基斯坦一直都购买我国的反舰导弹，此次为了对付布拉莫斯型反舰导弹，巴基斯坦购买CM-302并不奇怪，巴基斯坦已经购买了8艘我国研发的S-20型AIP潜艇，未来巴基斯坦将S-20和CM-302结合以后，威慑能力大大提升。

巴基斯坦海军的优势大多数情况下是依靠中国的先进装备来维持的，并且基本上都拥有生产能力，相对于印度，巴基斯坦海军获得威慑不但更加容易，也更容易承受，这就是中国的强大之处。


The CM302 can go far beyond India's 2.8 Mach speed and 280 km range. Although restricted by international treaties, the CM302 has a range of only 290 km. However, the CM302 can perform combat missions at speeds above 3.5 Mach, whereas the CM302 The warhead is also more advanced, and its 300-kilogram semi-armor-piercing warhead can sink an 8,000-tonne large battleship in just 1 piece. A JH 7A can carry 2 CM302 + 2 C803, 4 missiles can easily sink most of India's warships. Pakistan purchased a large number of anti-ship missiles in our country. As early as the 1980s, Pakistan imported C701 and C802 / C803 anti-ship missiles successively. These missiles were the first to be equipped in the Chinese navy. Subsequently, Pakistan purchased this Missiles.


In the previous two years, Pakistan also purchased our country's C-602 anti-ship missiles. Such anti-ship missiles not only have the capability to combat surface ships, but also have the ability to adapt to attack missiles in pairs. Pakistan is trying out such an anti-ship After the missile, but also to make this missiles have the potential to submarine, greatly enhanced deterrence. The Pakistani purchase of CM-302 is not surprising that Pakistan has always been to buy our anti-ship missiles, this time in order to deal with Brahmos anti-ship missiles, Pakistan bought CM-302 is not surprising that Pakistan has purchased 8 S-20 type AIP submarine researched and developed in our country will greatly enhance the deterrent capability after Pakistan combines S-20 and CM-302 in the future.



Most of the advantages of the Pakistani navy are maintained by China's advanced equipment and are basically capable of production. Compared with India, the deterrence of the Pakistani navy is not only easier but also easier to bear, which is the strength of China .

 

[Basel]

China's most advanced export anti-ship missile CM302 is about to be delivered Iron Brothers Pakistan: performance far exceeds BrahMos

中国最先进出口反舰导弹即将交付他们：性能远超布拉莫斯
原创 战略吐槽秀 2018-02-11 12:14:07
Original strategy Tucao show 2018-02-11 12:14:07
China's most advanced anti-ship missiles will soon be delivered to them: the performance far exceeds BrahMos

据巴基斯坦媒体报道，巴基斯坦很可能从中国引进CM302型反舰导弹，这种反舰导弹虽然只是一款出口型号，比我国海军装备的YJ12型要落后不少，但却比俄罗斯和印度研制的布拉莫斯型反舰导弹要强出不少，之前印度宣称要出口布拉莫斯型反舰导弹，周边国家对此非常不愉快。因此，我国向巴基斯坦出口CM302并不奇怪，巴基斯坦在装备CM302以后，完全有能力解决绝大多数的海上遭遇战，尤其是改进以后的CM302还可以空射，虽然高达2吨的重量很难在巴基斯坦的战机上发射，但巴基斯坦完全可以从中国进口歼轰7战机，这种战机不但可以挂载CM302，还可以挂载YJ83的出口型即C803执行作战任务，这比印度海军的布拉莫斯+KH31组合要强大太多。
According to Pakistani media reports, Pakistan is likely to introduce CM302 anti-ship missiles from China. Although this anti-ship missile is only an export model, it lags behind the YJ12 model of our naval equipment. However, it is better than the cloths developed by Russia and India Ramos-type anti-ship missiles to be out a lot stronger, before India announced that it wants to export Brahmos anti-ship missiles, neighboring countries are very unpleasant. Therefore, it is not surprising that Pakistan exported CM302 to Pakistan. Having equipped the CM302, Pakistan was fully capable of resolving most of the maritime encounters. In particular, the CM302 after its improvement could also be air-launched. Although the weight of up to 2 tons is hard to find in Pakistan Of the fighters on the launch, but Pakistan can fully import F-7 fighters from China, this fighter not only can mount CM302, you can also mount YJ83 export-oriented C803 combat operations, which is better than the Indian Navy's BrahMos + KH31 combination to be strong and too much.

印度的布拉莫斯导弹号称俄罗斯和印度联合研制，但实际上绝大多数的技术和相关的设备都来自于俄罗斯，印度更多只是提供资金，尤其是布拉莫斯的所有零备件中有超过60%都是国外进口。但这款导弹毕竟还是有一些威慑能力的，尤其是印度近年以来已经展开了空射实验，虽然苏30MKI战机只能一次在机腹中线挂载1枚布拉莫斯导弹，但毕竟已经具备了空射能力，空射导弹因为动力和载机速度上的优势，射程至少可以提升20%左右，远远超过普通导弹的水准。

按照印度宣称的2.8马赫速度和280千米的射程，CM302可以远远超出，虽然受到国际条约限制，CM302的射程只有290千米，但CM302可以用3.5马赫以上的速度执行打击任务，而CM302的弹头也更加先进一些，其300千克级的半穿甲弹头只需要1枚就能击沉一艘8000吨级的大型战舰，一架歼轰7A在执行作战任务的时候可以挂载2枚CM302+2枚C803，4枚导弹可以轻松击沉印度的绝大多数战舰。巴基斯坦采购了我国大量的反舰导弹，早在上世纪80年代，巴基斯坦就先后进口了C701和C802/C803型反舰导弹，这几种导弹都是在中国海军中率先装备，随后巴基斯坦采购了这种导弹。
India's Brahmos missile claimed that Russia and India jointly developed, but in fact most of the technology and related equipment are from Russia, India is more than just providing funds, especially all the spare parts BrahMos More than 60% are imported. After all, this missile still has some deterrent capabilities. In particular, India has launched an air-to-air experiment in recent years. Although the Su-30MKI fighter can only mount one BrahMos missile in the midline once, it is already available Air-launched capabilities, air-launched missiles because of power and speed advantages, the range can be increased at least about 20%, far more than the average level of missiles.

在前两年，巴基斯坦又购买了我国的C-602型反舰导弹，这种反舰导弹不但拥有打击水面战舰的能力，还拥有改编成对地攻击导弹的能力，巴基斯坦试射这种反舰导弹以后，还让这款导弹具备了潜射的那能力，威慑能力大大提升。此次巴基斯坦购买CM-302也并不奇怪，巴基斯坦一直都购买我国的反舰导弹，此次为了对付布拉莫斯型反舰导弹，巴基斯坦购买CM-302并不奇怪，巴基斯坦已经购买了8艘我国研发的S-20型AIP潜艇，未来巴基斯坦将S-20和CM-302结合以后，威慑能力大大提升。

巴基斯坦海军的优势大多数情况下是依靠中国的先进装备来维持的，并且基本上都拥有生产能力，相对于印度，巴基斯坦海军获得威慑不但更加容易，也更容易承受，这就是中国的强大之处。


The CM302 can go far beyond India's 2.8 Mach speed and 280 km range. Although restricted by international treaties, the CM302 has a range of only 290 km. However, the CM302 can perform combat missions at speeds above 3.5 Mach, whereas the CM302 The warhead is also more advanced, and its 300-kilogram semi-armor-piercing warhead can sink an 8,000-tonne large battleship in just 1 piece. A JH 7A can carry 2 CM302 + 2 C803, 4 missiles can easily sink most of India's warships. Pakistan purchased a large number of anti-ship missiles in our country. As early as the 1980s, Pakistan imported C701 and C802 / C803 anti-ship missiles successively. These missiles were the first to be equipped in the Chinese navy. Subsequently, Pakistan purchased this Missiles.


In the previous two years, Pakistan also purchased our country's C-602 anti-ship missiles. Such anti-ship missiles not only have the capability to combat surface ships, but also have the ability to adapt to attack missiles in pairs. Pakistan is trying out such an anti-ship After the missile, but also to make this missiles have the potential to submarine, greatly enhanced deterrence. The Pakistani purchase of CM-302 is not surprising that Pakistan has always been to buy our anti-ship missiles, this time in order to deal with Brahmos anti-ship missiles, Pakistan bought CM-302 is not surprising that Pakistan has purchased 8 S-20 type AIP submarine researched and developed in our country will greatly enhance the deterrent capability after Pakistan combines S-20 and CM-302 in the future.



Most of the advantages of the Pakistani navy are maintained by China's advanced equipment and are basically capable of production. Compared with India, the deterrence of the Pakistani navy is not only easier but also easier to bear, which is the strength of China .

Please share the source of news.

 

[Imran Khan]

Can someone please give us details

 

[Adam WANG SHANGHAI MEGA]

Long live the alliance between China and Pakistan.

https://www.toutiao.com/a6521145256203780621/

 

[Akasa]

The CM-302 is a significantly scaled-down variant of the YJ-12 and not too dissimilar to the BrahMos in terms of performance. Given that the BrahMos is undergoing further development into 600- and 800-km-ranged variants, the notion that the CM-302 will be "exceeding" the BrahMos in capability is certainly untrue.

 

[Adam WANG SHANGHAI MEGA]

The CM-302 is a significantly scaled-down variant of the YJ-12 and not too dissimilar to the BrahMos in terms of performance. Given that the BrahMos is undergoing further development into 600- and 800-km-ranged variants, the notion that the CM-302 will be "exceeding" the BrahMos in capability is certainly untrue.

600- and 800-km is a obvious violation of international treaties,but of course the meaning of international treaties is defined and explained by you westerns of course.


CM-302 for the entire supersonic missile, small size, light weight, powerful, modular, precision
CM-302 anti-ship missiles

High, with a zone outside the launch, penetration ability, damage power, hit accuracy and so on, suitable for a variety of platforms, is to combat air
Aircraft carriers, destroyers and other large and medium-sized surface ships killer weapons. Its maximum effective range of 290 km, warhead weight greater than 250 kg, hitting the probability of 0.9 [1].
Full supersonic means that repression of enemy air defense systems is stronger than anti-ship missiles that can only supersonic maneuvers at the end of the attack. The highlight, of course, is the combination with two ground-based over-the-horizon radar systems that provide a complete and robust shore-based coastal defense solution that is now almost monopolized by Russia's "fortress" system and may lack airborne target detection Small and medium sized countries with indicator systems are the main objectives of the CM-302 [4-6].
CM-302 supersonic missiles not only
CM-302 anti-ship missile ship, land launch

Completed the supersonic design, more full-scale supersonic missiles at the same time. It can be in the cruise time, the completion of the supersonic sudden movement, which will undoubtedly greatly improve the probability of its hit and reduce the enemy's anti-missile fire network threat targets. The missile in the sea swept the course of the ship can be above the water line to combat, such as the power part of the strike, which 5000 tons, 6,000 tons of destroyers is very large damage. In particular, the weakness of the aircraft carrier on the side of the deck, if hit, will be difficult to restore combat capability. Because of its speed, the terminal mobility makes it very viable [7].
The CM-302 is a full-range supersonic missile. Due to its small size, light weight, high power, high modularization and high precision, the CM-302 has the advantages of strong anti-collision capability, , Is a powerful weapon against aircraft carriers, destroyers and other large surface ships.
According to the person in charge of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, CM-302 can achieve full supersonic speed, anti-ship missiles that appeared in the air show in the past is also C prefix, such as C01, C02, C801, C802, C803 and so on, Is subsonic, or only in the end of the flight to achieve supersonic. The C302 full-scale supersonic anti-ship missile exhibited this time, its faster, more suppression of enemy air defense systems, plus it can also replace the warhead, which allows it to have a more diverse strike capability, Can be installed, including armor, blasting, delay and other warheads, making the missile more threatening and more flexible task .
China's self-developed CM-302 supersonic anti-ship missile speed can reach Mach 3 to 3.5 or so, a range of 300 km or less. The high speed performance of the CM-302 missile, with a high-performance ramjet engine, further reduces the enemy's reaction time and achieves breakthroughs. If the "saturation attack" is concentrated, the destructive power will be even more staggering. From the operational point of view, CM-302 missiles can be replaced by seeker way, the implementation of anti-ship and anti-radar operations, combat mode is very flexible.
The overall size of the CM-302 supersonic anti-ship missile is slightly smaller than the eagle -12 missile, but the warhead will not be less than 400 kg in mass. CM-302 supersonic anti-ship missile kinetic energy is larger, the same time delay fuze high explosive warhead, if the M2 flight speed hit 400 kg missile warhead, hit the energy equivalent to M0.9 900 to 1050 kg The warheads are more damaging to ships with multiple bulkheads, and one can destroy a large surface ship that displaces 8,000 tons of water https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/c0=baike180,5,5,180,60/sign=4fbd803f8e94a4c21e2eef796f9d70b0/faedab64034f78f06e03fbc370310a55b3191cf1.jpg

.

 

[Dalit]

This is huge and will shatter American and Indian delusions.

The more propaganda India and the US propagate against China and Pakistan the stronger this relationship will get.

 

[Adam WANG SHANGHAI MEGA]

Beyond "BrahMos" -Chinese-made CM-302 supersonic anti-ship missiles

From the appearance point of view, CM-302 uses a cylindrical body, a parabolic head, four side inlet was × configuration in the middle of the missile body, the fairing has been extended to the rear of the missile, 4 wing and steering tail X-type configuration, before and after convergence, configuration and inlet fairing. Wing position is more partial, using a small aspect ratio pointed tip wing, to ensure high-speed missile performance.
Legend: CM-302 air intake close-up

The CM-302 missile warhead weighs 250 kilos and its warhead type is the dominant semi-armor warhead that can drill into the interior of the warship to explode inside, causing even greater damage. It is estimated that about 2 CM-302 missiles will make the 6000-tonne large surface warship lose its combat effectiveness. Let the aircraft carrier lose combat capability may need about 10 CM-302 missiles hit aircraft carrier, respectively, against the carrier island, deck and other parts, as long as the aircraft carrier lost fly - the ability to recover the carrier-based aircraft carrier's combat effectiveness has been lost. So, to CM-302 warhead power, it is fully equipped with anti-aircraft carrier ability. Therefore, foreign media praised it as "China's export anti-aircraft missile."
Legend: CM-302 missile

The flight speed of the CM-302 supersonic anti-ship missile can reach about Mach 3 to 3.5 and a maximum range of up to 290 km, a figure very close to the BrahMos missile. However, it is worth mentioning that, CM-302 diameter of about 0.5 meters, while the length is about 6.3 meters. This size is relatively small in active supersonic anti-ship missiles. The BrahMos anti-ship missile has a diameter of 0.67 meters, a length of 8.1 meters and a launch weight of 3 tons. The size of the CM-302 is much smaller than the BrahMos, so the launch weight should be under 2 tons. Achieving just the same range as 2/3 of the BrahMos' weight is enough to justify the CM-302's technological advances. Yin Lixin, chief engineer of the International Department of Aerospace Science and Industry, Hospitality International, made it clear that compared with BrahMos, the CM-302 has a similar range but is smaller in size and lighter in weight and superior in overall performance to BrahMos.

超越“布拉莫斯”——国产CM-302超音速反舰导弹首次亮相
2016-12-19 14:03 兵工科技
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（文章来源：兵工科技）



由于作战理念的差异，西方国家长期以来都没有研制超音速反舰导弹。因此，俄罗斯在超音速反舰导弹领域一直以来都是一枝独秀，俄印联合研制的“布拉莫斯”超音速导弹更是成为耀眼的明星。不过，我国近年来也推出了多款外贸型超音速反舰导弹，继2014年珠海航展上首次推出CX-1导弹之后，2016年，中国航天科工集团首次展出了CM-302超音速反舰导弹。

从外形上看，CM-302采用了圆柱形弹体，抛物线头部，四个侧进气道呈×型配置在弹身中部，其整流罩一直延伸到导弹尾部，4个弹翼和操纵尾翼X型相应配置，前后衔接，配置与进气道整流罩上。弹翼位置较偏后，采用的是小展弦比切尖三角翼，保证了导弹高速飞行性能。

图注：CM-302进气口特写

CM-302导弹战斗部重250千克，其战斗部类型为主流的半穿甲战斗部，可钻入军舰的内部从里面的爆炸，造成更大的破坏。据估计，2枚左右的CM-302导弹就可以使6000吨级的大型水面战舰失去战斗力。要让航母失去作战能力可能需要10枚左右的CM-302导弹命中航母，分别打击航母舰岛、甲板等部位，只要航母丧失放飞-回收舰载机的能力，航母的战斗力就已经丧失。所以，以CM-302的战斗部威力来说，也是完全具备反航母能力的。所以外媒将其赞誉为“中国出口型反航母导弹”。

图注：CM-302导弹

CM-302超声速反舰导弹的飞行速度可达到马赫数3至3.5左右，最大射程可达290公里，这一数据与“布拉莫斯”导弹非常接近。不过值得一提的是，CM-302的直径约在0.5米左右，而长度则约为6.3米。这个尺寸在现役超音速反舰导弹里面是相对较小的。"布拉莫斯"反舰导弹的直径为0.67米，长度为8.1米，发射重量达到3吨。CM-302的尺寸比布拉莫斯还要小许多，因此发射重量应该在2吨以下。以仅为“布拉莫斯”2/3的重量达到与其相同的射程，足以证明CM-302技术上的先进之处。航天科工三院国际合作部总工程师殷立新明确表示，对比“布拉莫斯”， CM-302射程与其相当，但体积更小、重量更轻，综合性能优于“布拉莫斯”。

 

[CrusherChamp]

 

[Areesh]

Definitely a big news if true

 

[Cookie Monster]

Definitely a big news if true

Pakistan should "jointly develop" a supersonic missile with China "based on YJ12"(*cough* get the exact same thing *cough*). Just like how India got Brahmos(P800 Oniks). Then Pakistan can "further develop" that missile "by itself" to have a longer range...taking the same route as Brahmos. Since Pakistan will "develop" it by itself, the range limit(imposed by international treaties) wouldn't apply. The missile can then be revealed at an appropriate time. It would be a major boost to Pak forces against the massive Indian Navy.

 

[Areesh]

Pakistan should "jointly develop" a supersonic missile with China "based on YJ12"(*cough* get the exact same thing *cough*). Just like how India got Brahmos(P800 Oniks). Then Pakistan can "further develop" that missile "by itself" to have a longer range...taking the same route as Brahmos. Since Pakistan will "develop" it by itself, the range limit(imposed by international treaties) wouldn't apply. The missile can then be revealed at an appropriate time. It would be a major boost to Pak forces against the massive Indian Navy.

True. That would be the right thing to do.

 

[CrusherChamp]

Pakistan should "jointly develop" a supersonic missile with China "based on YJ12"(*cough* get the exact same thing *cough*). Just like how India got Brahmos(P800 Oniks). Then Pakistan can "further develop" that missile "by itself" to have a longer range...taking the same route as Brahmos. Since Pakistan will "develop" it by itself, the range limit(imposed by international treaties) wouldn't apply. The missile can then be revealed at an appropriate time. It would be a major boost to Pak forces against the massive Indian Navy.

I think Pakistan is already on that path. I have no evedence may b i am wrong. Recently Pakistan have test fire a anti ship. No confirm specs......... u know what i am trying to say

 

[Beast]

The CM-302 is a significantly scaled-down variant of the YJ-12 and not too dissimilar to the BrahMos in terms of performance. Given that the BrahMos is undergoing further development into 600- and 800-km-ranged variants, the notion that the CM-302 will be "exceeding" the BrahMos in capability is certainly untrue.

Recently, many claim China and Professor Ma WeiMing is bragging about China electric propulsion system and EM electric technology being advance or ahead of US by ten years. Guess what?

Not even US mount a prototype railgun onboard ship cos their system is too bulky and not mature enough to do that. China beat them by it.

 

[Han Patriot]

Recently, many claim China and Professor Ma WeiMing is bragging about China electric propulsion system and EM electric technology being advance or ahead of US by ten years. Guess what?

Not even US mount a prototype railgun onboard ship cos their system is too bulky and not mature enough to do that. China beat them by it.

We seldom brag, I can't say they are no braggards, but on average, our culture despises bragging and boasting. If an Admiral said we have this xxx and that xxx, there is almost 90% chance it will happen. You can see this in J-20, Y-20, EMALS, and railguns and recently WS-10B engines.