The manchurians were only interested in enriching themselves not building a stronger china, same as when the mongols took over china. Those are the unfortunate chapters in the chinese history.
I don't think any chinese is against building a stronger defence capability, but sometimes military fans are quite impatient, they envy the military might of the US and wish we could somehow spend our way to catch up, but the truth is a country's military capability goes hand in hand with its overall industrial/technological capabilities, even if China now spends all of its money on military we will still be behind the US because buying other people's stuff can never lead you to the VERY top.
We have to focus on improving our education, industries, innovations and economy and our military will improve along with it, if you look at China 30 years ago and now it is very obvious that we didn't get to where we are today by focusing on developing our military but by developing our economy. China as the world's 2nd largest economy still lacks world leading universities, research scientists and industries, this MUST change, the government's decision to focus on education reform and push towards a more industrialized economy from a labour-intensive one should be welcomed. We are not stupid people who can only follow the steps of others, in fact a disproportionate percentage of the best PhD students in the western world's best universities are Chinese, we need to create an environment where China can attract and keep its best, only then we can truly stand on equal footing with the United States, the road is long but the direction is clear, we should welcome our government on these initiatives.
Also on the current military budget, china has the world's 2nd largest military budget! The money we had last year and years before that was enough to fund the research of aircraft carriers and J-XX, what make you think that after this increase that somehow we won't be able to afford it anymore?? The truth is we are going to have our aircraft carriers and our J-XX, in fact both of them are going to come out this year, there's no need to be impatient, the day that we have the Chinese equivalent of companies like Boeing, General Electric and IBM, the Chinese equivalent of MIT, CalTech and Cambridge, the day that we'll truly be the leading civilization of this world once again, we are heading the right direction, so be proud and be patient!