China sets R&D targets for 2020

[Economic superpower]

BEIJING - China expects knowledge-intensive services to contribute 20 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020, up from 15.6 percent in 2015, according to the country's five-year plan for science and technology progress by 2020.

The State Council plan, published on Monday, lists targets for science and technology from 2016 to 2020 as well as government action to help realize the targets.

Total factor productivity, of which technology is a sub-set, aims to account for 60 percent of growth in 2020, up from 55.3 percent last year.

The number of patent applications in 2020 is expected to be double that of 2015, according to the plan.

By 2020, out of every 10,000 workers, 60 will be engaged in research and development, up from 48.5 in 2015, the plan said.

Priorities for the government over the next five years include directing resources to strategic areas, fostering creativity, creating a favorable policy environment and removing barriers to innovation.

The country will spend more resources in research areas key to its national strength and security, including computer chip, integrated circuit equipment, broadband mobile telecommunication, digital machinery, nuclear power, genetic modification, water pollution control, new medicines, manned space programs and lunar exploration.

China also hopes to make breakthroughs in areas such as deep-sea exploration, quantum computing and brain science. Agriculture, computing, green energy, biology and environmental protection will also receive more attention. The government promises greater support for basic research, science labs and international research.

China will take an active part in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) telescope project, according to the plan.

The plan lists measures to improve legislation on research and development, streamline fund raising and raise the efficiency of governance.

The government will encourage enterprises to invest more in R&D and offer preferential policies to knowledge-intensive startups while pushing universities and research institutes to improve efficiency.

China will also expand cooperation in science and technological development with other countries, especially those along the Belt and Road.

The government will encourage joint research projects between Chinese and foreign institutes and enterprises to attract more high-level foreign experts to work in China.

 

[Economic superpower]

China aims for broad tech progress

China is pursuing multidimensional advantages by developing technologies for deep space, the deep ocean, deep earth and the deep-blue cyber sector.

That's according to the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) for science, technology and innovation, which was released on Monday by the State Council, China's Cabinet.

Looking ahead to 2030, the plan includes space station services, deep-ocean installations and Mars exploration.

More specific proposals are focused on the exploration of the moon in 2018 and Mars in 2020, as well as new technologies to probe deep-ocean minerals and observe Earth's polar regions. The plan aims to sustainably develop ocean resources and maintain ecological balance, as well as improve predictions on both natural trends and disasters.

"The plan illustrates the strategic aims of the nation," said Xu Jing, director of the Department of Innovation and Development at the Ministry of Science and Technology. "It addresses cutting-edge leading trends."

Xue Lan, dean of School of Public Policy and Management at Tsinghua University, has high hopes for China's role in the age of innovation.

"We have improved much in terms of national science capability in recent years," Xue said. "This is the first time China has been presented with a chance to lead an industrial revolution, and we have to grasp that chance."

He said citations of published work by Chinese researchers－a criterion reflecting quality rather than simply quantity－have increased in recent years. According to the master plan, China would rise to second place worldwide by 2020, from a projected fourth in 2015.

Other projects concentrate on fields that are less visible by the public, such as quantum communication and brain science.

"Sometimes the lesser-known ones make great differences too," Xu said.

He said that the nation's ability to study and combat infectious diseases had risen following an emphasis on the field in the previous master plan. China has developed vaccines for swine flu, for example, as well as quick diagnostic approaches to curb Ebola soon after an outbreak.

The blueprint also promotes applied science as it focuses more on the national economy, he said.

"Some of the breakthroughs are not in the technology, but in the commercial patterns that come with it," Xue said.

 

[GS Zhou]

Some exciting projects mentioned by this plan (Not exhaustive):
- 5G communication technology: 5G commercial operation starts in 2020 (2020年启动5G商用)

- Nuclear power: complete the construction of CAP1400 reactor by 2020 (2020年，CAP1400示范工程力争建设完成)

- Moon mission: Chang'e 4 lunar orbiter be launched in 2018. The orbiter will land on the far side of the moon (2018年发射嫦娥四号，实施世界首次月球背面着陆巡视探测)

- Mars mission: A Mars orbiter be launched in 2020. China will orbit Mars, land and deploy a rover – all in this one mission. After this mission completed, China's next target is to launch a new Mars orbiter and bring back some Mars samples (按照“一步实现绕落巡、二步完成取样回”的发展路线，到2020年发射首颗火星探测器，突破火星环绕和进入、着陆与巡视核心关键技术，通过一次发射实现火星环绕和着陆巡视探测，开展火星全球性、综合性的科学探测，高起点完成首次火星探测任务，实现我国月球以远深空探测能力的突破)

- Super computers: build EFLOPs computer with own technology (依托自主可控技术，研制满足应用需求的E级高性能计算机系统，使我国高性能计算机的性能在“十三五”期间保持世界领先水平)

- New types of satellites: develop and launch new types of satellites, e.g. Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer, Einstein Probe, Water Cycle Observation Mission satellite, Advanced Space Solar Observatory (研制太阳风—磁层相互作用全景成像卫星、爱因斯坦探针卫星、全球水循环观测卫星、先进天基太阳天文台卫星等，争取在2020年前后发射)

 

[Economic superpower]

China is rapidly closing the technology gap with the West.

No wonder the haters are so furious.

 

[Shotgunner51]

China is rapidly closing the technology gap with the West.

No wonder the haters are so furious.

See the R&D results in numbers, by 2014 China has already overtaken US, Japan, SK and EU in patent. These five dominates global patent by representing 82% of the world.

Top five countries are China, US, Japan, SK, Germany.

https://defence.pk/threads/wipo-global-ranking-–-2015-edition.413822/

 

[BoQ77]

See the R&D results in numbers, by 2014 China has already overtaken US, Japan, SK and EU in patent. These five dominates global patent by representing 82% of the world.

View attachment 324341

Top five countries are China, US, Japan, SK, Germany.

https://defence.pk/threads/wipo-global-ranking-–-2015-edition.413822/

You dont understand the meaning of those charts

 

[Economic superpower]

You dont understand the meaning of those charts

Neither does a troll like you.

 

[Economic superpower]

China to boost scientific and technological innovation

The State Council issued a national scientific and technological innovation plan in a bid to build China into an innovative country and a scientific and technological power.

As the world’s second-largest economy undergoes economic transition for further development, technology innovation has never been more significant, the plan said.

Based on the idea that innovation is the prime development driving force, the plan is a blueprint designed for technological innovation development during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020).

The plan aims to substantially improve China’s technology and innovation capabilities, and lift the country’s comprehensive innovation capabilities into the world’s top 15.

China has witnessed major developments in technology improvements, such as manned space flights and lunar probes, manned deep-sea submersible, deep earth exploration, super computers and quantum communication.

Some figures provide evidence of the nation’s efforts and development in technological innovation.

In 2015, nationwide expenditure on scientific research and experiments totaled 1.42 trillion yuan ($213.4 billion); it accounted for the world’s second largest number of published international science and technology papers; and the national comprehensive innovation capabilities ranked 18th in the world.

In addition, the contribution rate of technology to economic growth increased from 20.9 percent in 2010 to 55.3 percent in 2015.

The plan urged to play the key leading role of scientific and technological innovation in uplifting the industries to the medium- and high-end, developing new growth drivers, expanding new development space, improving development quality and efficiency.

The plan called efforts to accelerate the implementation of major national scientific and technological projects and launch the scientific and technological innovation 2030 project.

China should construct an internationally-competitive industrial technology system, make an integrated arrangement of modern agriculture, new generation of information technology, intelligent manufacturing and energy, promote the disruptive technological innovation and lead the industrial revolution, the plan said.

It also called for the building of a technology system which support the improvement of people’s livelihood and sustainable development, which can safeguard national security and strategic interests by developing strategic high-technologies in deep sea exploration, deep earth exploration, space exploration, and Internet technologies.

China should strengthen original innovation capabilities and cultivate important strategic innovation forces, said the plan.

The plan also said China should take the lead in organizing international big science plans and programs and strive to lead the world science direction in more advanced basic fields and make breakthroughs in more strategic fields.

The plan also called for the building of the innovation bases led by national laboratories and cultivation of world class scientists and technological talents.

The country should support Beijing and Shanghai to build scientific and technological innovation centers with international clout, set up a batch of innovative provinces and cities and regional innovation centers, promote the innovative development of national innovation demonstration zones as well as new and hi-tech development zones, according to the plan.

The plan also urged the building of a Belt and Road innovation community aiming to improve the country’s ability in allocation of global innovation resources and fully participate in the global innovation governance.

Furthermore, efforts will be made to further promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, reform science and technology systems, improve social scientific literacy, and strengthen science popularization infrastructure, according to the plan.

The plan also urged to clear systematic barriers hampering innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

To ensure effective implementation of the plan, efforts will be made to strengthen legal protection on innovation, improve inclusive and supporting policy system, implement intellectual property rights strategies, advance technology standard strategies, and enhance policy coordination, according to the State Council.

 

[Economic superpower]

Scientific research sales rules to be eased further

New policy introduced to encourage more purchases by small and micro-businesses

The central government is to further relax regulations covering the transfer of scientific and technological research achievements from national research institutions to enterprises.

The decision was announced on Wednesday in a statement issued after a State Council executive meeting presided over by Premier Li Keqiang.

Measures will be introduced to encourage such transfers.

First, national research institutes and universities will have the right to sell their research findings to enterprises without national-level approval.

The policy is aimed at encouraging more scientific research achievements to be sold to small and micro-businesses. It calls for special organizations to be set up to supervise these sales.

Second, all profits earned through the sales will go to research producers.

Third, at least 50 percent of such sales will go to researchers, who will eventually be allowed to work with the enterprises that buy their research findings for a maximum of three years. They will retain their positions on research bodies to help the enterprises to better implement research achievements.

The measures are also aimed at accelerating the process of turning scientific and technological achievements into productivity to advance China's innovation-driven strategy and supply-side structural reform.

Bi Yalei, head of the Department of Development at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was delighted to hear about the new decision, describing it as a long-awaited relaxation.

He said that for many years financial approval procedures had been a headache when the institute had tried to sell research findings to enterprises because both sides had to wait a long time to obtain government-level approval.

"The approval procedure used to take a very long time, and this delayed the process of turning such research findings into new productivity."

Bi also said that such measures will greatly encourage scientific researchers in their work.

Gao Xudong, deputy director of the Research Center for Technological Innovation at Tsinghua University in Beijing, praised the move to allow researchers to work with enterprises for three years. "Some enterprises who bought scientific research findings could not fully use them due to a lack of understanding of the findings," he said.

@TaiShang @Shotgunner51 @AndrewJin @GS Zhou @ChineseTiger1986
@cirr @Jlaw @Dungeness

 

[Bussard Ramjet]

See the R&D results in numbers, by 2014 China has already overtaken US, Japan, SK and EU in patent. These five dominates global patent by representing 82% of the world.

View attachment 324341

Top five countries are China, US, Japan, SK, Germany.

https://defence.pk/threads/wipo-global-ranking-–-2015-edition.413822/

These are patents filed in each individual country's patent office. It is generally known that patents filed in China are usually of low quality.

Rather, have a look at number of patents filed under WIPO for international protection. These are directly handled by WIPO and are more reliable. In that metric China is number 3. (As far as I remember.)

 

[Jlaw]

You dont understand the meaning of those charts

Please do explain Professor BQ

These are patents filed in each individual country's patent office. It is generally known that patents filed in China are usually of low quality.

Rather, have a look at number of patents filed under WIPO for international protection. These are directly handled by WIPO and are more reliable. In that metric China is number 3. (As far as I remember.)

Well Professor Ramjet, how is India doing in the patent field? After all India has a population dividend. You have the most engineers who work at NASA--in fact if I am correct India churn out the most engineers per year! With so many engineers I expect India to be a powerhouse in the science and R&D field by 2012 at the latest.

I like to hear your comments...

 

[Bussard Ramjet]

Well Professor Ramjet, how is India doing in the patent field? After all India has a population dividend. You have the most engineers who work at NASA--in fact if I am correct India churn out the most engineers per year! With so many engineers I expect India to be a powerhouse in the science and R&D field by 2012 at the latest.

I like to hear your comments...

1. India has not entered the phase of population dividend. Please look it up to know what it is.
2. Indian engineering degree is worthless. Indian engineering degrees can be bought by anyone within a day.
3. While most of Indian engineering graduates are worthless, a chunk are actually decent, and a small minority are world class.

 

[Jlaw]

1. India has not entered the phase of population dividend. Please look it up to know what it is.
2. Indian engineering degree is worthless. Indian engineering degrees can be bought by anyone within a day.
3. While most of Indian engineering graduates are worthless, a chunk are actually decent, and a small minority are world class.

Not true. If Indian engineering degrees are worthless why does NASA, JPL, etc have so many Indian engineers?!

 

[Bussard Ramjet]

Not true. If Indian engineering degrees are worthless why does NASA, JPL, etc have so many Indian engineers?!

They are all from that small minority of world class engineers.

If you take a small minority of a very large number, it is by itself quite a reasonable number.

 

[AndrewJin]

1. India has not entered the phase of population dividend. Please look it up to know what it is.
2. Indian engineering degree is worthless. Indian engineering degrees can be bought by anyone within a day.
3. While most of Indian engineering graduates are worthless, a chunk are actually decent, and a small minority are world class.

There is no such term as "dividend" any more, pls do not fool yourself....