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China Outer Space Science, Technology and Explorations: News & Updates

【北斗导航卫星实时捕捉境内大地震事件】
日前，青海果洛州玛多县（北纬34.59度，东经98.34度）发生7.4级地震，震源深度17公里。武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心耿江辉课题组（PRIDE）研发的北斗/GNSS实时地震监测系统（GSeisRT软件系统）成功监测到该次地震事件，并在课题组网站上发布相关结果。
图为在线地震监测系统实时捕获的“陆态”网络QHMD站的地震位移波形，该站位于震中以北约37公里，地震使其向西永久性地移动了约22厘米、向北约7厘米。
基于该站的位移波形和方荣新博士的PGD震级函数，PRIDE团队研制的实时速报系统通过峰值地面位移计算出的实时震级为7.12级，与地震台网中心公布的震级仅差0.28个震级单位，验证了北斗/GNSS在快速分辨大地震（震级>7级）和震级快速确定方面的高效性和可靠性，为北斗/GNSS地震预警的工程化应用奠定了基础。
据悉，这是我国北斗卫星导航定位系统首次实时捕捉到境内的大地震事件。​

China Aerospace News
Today at 10:41

[Beidou navigation satellite captures major earthquake events in China in real time]

A few days ago, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurred in Maduo County (34.59 degrees north latitude, 98.34 degrees east longitude) in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province, with a focal depth of 17 kilometers. The Beidou/GNSS real-time seismic monitoring system (GSeisRT software system) developed by the Geng Jianghui Research Group (PRIDE) of the Research Center for Satellite Navigation and Positioning Technology of Wuhan University successfully monitored the earthquake event and published the relevant results on the research group's website.

The picture shows the seismic displacement waveform of the "land state" network QHMD station captured by the online seismic monitoring system in real time. The station is located about 37 kilometers north of the epicenter. The earthquake permanently moved about 22 cm west and 7 cm north.

Based on the displacement waveform of the station and the PGD magnitude function of Dr. Fang Rongxin, the real-time rapid report system developed by the PRIDE team calculated the real-time magnitude of 7.12 through the peak ground displacement, which is only 0.28 magnitude units away from the magnitude announced by the Seismic Network Center. It verified the efficiency and reliability of Beidou/GNSS in quickly distinguishing large earthquakes (magnitude>7) and quickly determining magnitude, laying a foundation for the engineering application of Beidou/GNSS earthquake early warning.

It is reported that this is the first time that China Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system has captured a major earthquake in China in real time.

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JSCh said:
今天 10:00 来自 微博视频 已编辑​
【天火三号试车成功，建议公司下次换个好点的摄像头】北京天兵科技自主研制的国内首台30吨推力HCP火箭发动机天火三号（TH-3）全系统热试车取得成功。​
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12月以来，TH-3发动机共进行了6次稳态程序的考核，发动机启动、关机平稳，稳态工作参数正常，发动机各项性能指标均达到了设计要求，全面通过热试车考核。​
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天火三号30吨级发动机是继天火一号（1000N）全系统热试车、天火二号（10000N）全系统热试车成功研制的基础上，由天兵科技独立自主研发生产的，是目前世界上HCP推进剂体系中推力量级最大的发动机，从设计到生产、再至试验点火成功，历时一年，发动机主要零组件采用3D打印方案，发动机研制过程中借鉴了液体火箭发动机和固体火箭发动机交叉融合的设计经验，进行了大量首创性的精密结构、新材料、新工艺的工程应用，提高产品可靠性的同时，大幅降低了发动机生产成本。​
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天兵科技称，HCP推进剂是航天领域内公认的先进液体推进剂体系，具有绿色无毒、常温贮存、高性能（公司未公开TH3的比冲水平，但以NOFBX相关论文称，比冲可以高到325s，远在单组元发动机之上，甚至超过传统肼基推进剂）、低成本、系统简洁可靠性高的特点。天火三号发动机的试车成功，标志着该推进剂体系的研究已进入工程化应用阶段。采用HCP推进剂的天火三号发动机具备了传统低温双组元推进剂的高性能，同时具备了单组元发动机的可靠性和使用便捷性。这意味着，装备天火三号发动机的液体运载火箭较同等运力规模的火箭，起飞重量降低50%、零部件数量减少60%，大幅降低了运载火箭的制造和发射成本，同时显著提升了运载火箭的可靠性，是未来低成本、高频次进入太空的优质解决方案。此外，得益于天火发动机先进的设计理念和HCP推进剂体系的特点，天火系列发动机还具备连续深度变推力能力，能够让火箭更容易实现回收复用功能。​
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现在是点评时间，这个HCP应该是一种预混合的推进剂，国外叫NOFBX。绿色无毒比冲相对高，听起来很美，但国内外不大力推进是有原因的，有一定危险性。此类发动机国内外试车时都炸过台子，这种发动机在关闭时控制不好容易回火，沿着燃烧室往上烧，因为推进剂本身就是混合好的。航天爱好者网超话 #中国航天# L航天爱好者网的微博视频​

Space Enthusiast Network
Today at 10:00 from Weibo video

Beijing Tianbing Technology independently developed the first domestic 30-ton thrust HCP rocket engine Tianhuo III (TH-3) full system hot test successfully.

Since December, the TH-3 engine has undergone a total of 6 steady-state program assessments. The engine starts and shuts down smoothly, and the steady-state working parameters are normal. The engine's performance indicators have reached the design requirements and fully passed the hot test.

The 30-ton engine of Tianhuo-3 is developed and produced by Tianbing Technology independently following the successful development of Tianhuo-1 (1000N) full-system hot test run and Tianhuo-2 (10000N) full-system hot test run. It is currently the largest thrust HCP propellant engine system in the world. From design to production, and then to the successful test ignition, it took one year. The main components of the engine used 3D printing. The design experience of the cross-fusion of liquid rocket motors and solid rocket motors was used for reference in the engine development process. A large number of pioneering engineering applications of precision structures, new materials, and new processes have been carried out to improve product reliability and greatly reduce engine production costs.

Tianbing Technology claims that HCP propellant is a recognized advanced liquid propellant system in the aerospace field. It has green, non-toxic, room temperature storage, and high performance (The company has not disclosed the specific impulse level of TH3, but according to NOFBX related papers, the specific impulse can be as high as 325s, which is far higher than that of other mono-propellant engine and even more than traditional hydrazine-based propellants), low cost, simple system and high reliability. The successful test run of the Tianhuo-3 engine indicates that the research on the propellant system has entered the engineering application stage. The Tianhuo-3 engine with HCP propellant has the high performance of traditional cryogenic bi-propellant, and at the same time has the reliability and convenience of mono-propellant engine. This means that the liquid launch vehicle equipped with the Tianhuo-3 engine has a 50% lower take-off weight and a 60% reduction in the number of parts than a rocket of the same capacity, which greatly reduces the manufacturing and launch costs of the launch vehicle, and at the same time significantly improves the reliability of the launch vehicle. It is a high-quality solution for low-cost, high-frequency entry into space in the future. In addition, thanks to the advanced design concept of the Tianhuo engine and the characteristics of the HCP propellant system, the Tianhuo series of engines also have the ability for continuous throttleability, which can make it easier for the rocket to realize the recovery and reuse function.

Here is the time for comment (Note: from editor of Space Enthusiast Network).
This so-called HCP should be a pre-mixed propellant, called NOFBX abroad. Green and non-toxic, the specific impulse is also relatively high, sounds wonderful. But there are reasons why domestic and foreign efforts are not vigorously pursue. There is a certain risk. This type of engine has a history of explosion during test runs at home and abroad. This kind of engine is not easy to control during turn off, when it could backfire and burn up along the combustion chamber because at that time the propellant is already well mixed.

Video link of the test -> L航天爱好者网的微博视频

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https://twitter.com/x/status/1399367667354587146
Andrew Jones @AJ_FI

Space Pioneer/Beijing Tianbing Technology has carried out a hot fire test of its Tianhuo-11 30-ton staged combustion, variable thrust kerolox engine. Space Pioneer earlier worked on the TH-1 HCP green propulsion engine. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nx7cTBDvYBDVflXQxcLwrg…

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10:10 PM · May 31, 2021
 
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JSCh said:
LHAASO Discovers a Dozen PeVatrons and Photons Exceeding 1 PeV and Launches Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Astronomy Era
2021-05-15

China's Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO)—one of the country's key national science and technology infrastructure facilities—has found a dozen ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic accelerators within the Milky Way. It has also detected photons with energies exceeding 1 peta-electron-volt (quadrillion electron-volts or PeV), including one at 1.4 PeV. The latter is the highest energy photon ever observed. These findings overturn our traditional understanding of the Milky Way and open up an era of UHE gamma astronomy. These observations will prompt us to rethink the mechanism by which high-energy particles are generated and propagated in the Milky Way. In addition, these observations will encourage us to explore more deeply violent celestial phenomena and their physical processes as well as test basic physical laws under extreme conditions. These discoveries are published in the journal Nature on May 17. The LHAASO International Collaboration, which is led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, completed this study.

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LHAASO Discovers a Dozen PeVatrons and Photons Exceeding 1 PeV and Launches Ultra-High-Energy Gamma Astronomy Era ----Institute of High Energy Physics
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www.nature.com

Hunting the strongest accelerators in our Galaxy

Very-high-energy γ-rays from possible astrophysical particle accelerators.
www.nature.com www.nature.com
 
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Launch of powerful new carrier rocket expected in 2022
2021-06-04 08:35:05
China Daily

CAS Space, a Beijing-based rocket company owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has begun to design what it expects will be the world's most powerful solid-propellant carrier rocket, the company's chairman said.

Yang Yiqiang, a senior rocket scientist and founder of CAS Space, told China Daily in an exclusive interview this week that the rocket－ZK 2－is in the research and development stage at laboratories in Beijing and will be ready for its debut flight before the end of 2022, if everything goes according to schedule.

The ZK 2 will have a core stage and two side boosters, each of which will have a diameter of 2.65 meters and use solid propellants. The rocket will be 39.7 meters tall and have a liftoff weight of 343 metric tons. It will be able to transport satellites with a combined weight of 3.55 tons to a sun-synchronous orbit 700 kilometers above Earth.

These specs would make the ZK 2 the world's largest and mightiest solid-fuel rocket and even more powerful than several liquid-propellant models in China's Long March rocket fleet, such as the Long March 2C and 4B, Yang said.

The world's most powerful operational solid-fuel rocket is Arianespace's Vega, jointly developed by the Italian Space Agency and the European Space Agency. With a liftoff weight of 137 tons, the European rocket can put payloads weighing 1.4 tons into a sun-synchronous orbit.

"The ZK 2's major clients will be satellite companies that want to build and operate a low-orbit satellite network," Yang said, explaining that the rocket is suitable for deploying such networks, as it can launch a large quantity of small satellites in a single flight.

"The rocket will have better flexibility than large, liquid-propellant rockets ... because it is designed for both land- and sea-based launches, and liquid-fuel rockets are unsuitable for sea-based missions. Moreover, when launched from a land-based facility, solid-propellant rockets are less dependent on ground devices and thus are easier to launch," Yang said.

CAS Space is currently preparing for the first flight of its first product, the ZK 1A solid-propellant rocket, which is scheduled to launch six small satellites in the second half of the year, Yang said. The 31-meter craft will be able to put satellites weighing 1.33 tons into a sun-synchronous orbit.

If the launch succeeds, ZK 1A will replace the Long March 11 as China's most powerful solid-fuel rocket, he said.

The company is working with the government in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, to build a 40-hectare production complex in the city's Nansha district.

As China's southernmost carrier rocket production facility, the complex is to have an initial annual production capacity of 30 rockets upon completion of the first phase next year, Yang said.

Speaking of how CAS Space started, Yang said the Chinese Academy of Sciences now needs a lot of carrier rockets to launch its experimental satellites and technology demonstration equipment. The top science body wanted its own rocket research and production capabilities, which resulted in the founding of CAS Space.

He said one of the company's most important missions is to provide launch services for the academy.

Compared with other rocket makers, CAS Space has optimized design, procurement and manufacturing procedures, which Yang said are more efficient and economical. The company uses the latest technologies and highly integrated equipment on its rockets, which guarantees a reduction in costs and fewer problems in design, production and launch operations, he said.
 
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【长三乙助推器成功进行伞降落区控制】执行风云四号B卫星发射任务的长三乙火箭首次完成了我国基于300平方米可控翼伞的助推器落区控制飞行搭载验证。助推器与芯级分离后，实现了高动态下的卫星导航连续定位，在预定高度执行了各项关键动作，最终，在翼伞的作用下，按预定的归航策略向目标机动点飞行，试验获得圆满成功。
长三甲系列运载火箭副总设计师胡炜介绍，这也是全球采用翼伞控制圆满归航的最重的火箭分离体，试验获取了落区控制系统的全部飞行数据，为后续伞降落区控制技术工程应用，以及火箭残骸落区安全性的提升提供重要参考。助推器伞降控制系统由火箭院总体设计部抓总研制，伞系统由北京空间机电研究所研制。在火箭分离体落区控制技术方面，火箭院先后突破了一子级栅格舵落区控制技术和助推器伞降落区控制技术，为未来实现子级可控回收、垂直返回等新技术奠定了重要的技术基础。(航天科技一院)​

China Aerospace
Today at 09:59

[CZ-3B rocket booster successfully controls the landing zone]

The CZ-3B rocket, which performs the FY-4B satellite launch mission, has completed the technological verification of a booster landing area control flight with a 300-square-meter parafoil in China for the first time. After the booster is separated from the core stage, the continuous positioning with satellite navigation under highly dynamical condition is realized, and various key actions are performed at preset altitudes. Finally, under the action of the parafoil, it flies to the target maneuver point according to the programmed homing flight plan. The test was a complete success.

Hu Wei, Deputy Chief Designer of Changsanjia Series Launch Vehicle introduced, this is the world’s heaviest rocket/parts to have successfully return with parafoil control. The test has obtained all the flight data of the landing zone control system, which provides important reference for both subsequent application of parafoil landing zone control technology engineering and safety improvement of rocket/part landing zone. The booster parafoil landing control system was developed by the General Design Department of the Rocket Academy, and the parachute system was developed by the Beijing Space Electromechanical Research Institute.

In regards to control technology of rocket landing zone, the Rocket Academy has successively made brake through with the first core stage grid rudder landing zone control technology and the booster parachute landing zone control technology, it has laid an important technical foundation for future realization of new technologies such as recoverable rocket stage and vertical return. (First Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology)

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JSCh said:
https://twitter.com/x/status/1399367667354587146
Andrew Jones @AJ_FI

Space Pioneer/Beijing Tianbing Technology has carried out a hot fire test of its Tianhuo-11 30-ton staged combustion, variable thrust kerolox engine. Space Pioneer earlier worked on the TH-1 HCP green propulsion engine. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nx7cTBDvYBDVflXQxcLwrg…

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10:10 PM · May 31, 2021
Click to expand...

That structure looks a little filmsy - how is it able to stop the rocket from shooting forward when its engines emit so much thrust.
 
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letsrock said:
That structure looks a little filmsy - how is it able to stop the rocket from shooting forward when its engines emit so much thrust.
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You know the problem with American tech like US space shuttle and F-22 raptor being retired. They look flashy and plenty of tech but not practical when the exorbitant cost destroy any meaningful way to continue using it..

Chinese do practical things. If making it flashy will increase the cost by 3-4 times with no meaningful tech contribution. The Chinese rather make it ugly and save the cost for more practical or cost saving measures.
 
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China making plans for future space exploration: official
Source: Xinhua| 2021-06-12 20:48:19|Editor: huaxia

1310004735_16235020991841n.jpg
The China National Space Administration released new images on June 11, 2021 taken by the country's first Mars rover Zhurong. The photo shows China's national flag unfurled from the glistening landing platform on the red planet. (Photo provided to Xinhua)

BEIJING, June 12 (Xinhua) -- China is making plans for the future development of its space program, including exploring asteroids and the Jovian system, collecting samples from Mars and exploring the polar region of the moon, said an official from the China National Space Administration (CNSA) on Saturday.

Xu Hongliang, a spokesperson of the CNSA, said at a press conference held in Beijing that about the year 2025 China plans to launch a probe to collect samples from a near-Earth asteroid and explore a comet in one mission.

China plans to launch a Mars sample-return mission and a Jovian system exploration mission sometime about 2030, Xu said.

In addition, China plans to launch the Chang'e-6 and Chang'e-7 lunar probes in the coming five years to explore the environment and resources and collect samples from the polar region of the moon, Xu said.

By the end of 2022, China will have completed the construction of its space station, in which astronauts can stay for prolonged periods to carry out scientific experiments, Xu said.

"We should coordinate space science, space technology and space applications, in accordance with the principle of being technically realizable, financially affordable and scientifically contributive," said Xu.

The development of heavy-lift launch vehicles, reusable space transportation systems and satellite internet will also be the focus of future development plans, according to Xu.

The CNSA released new images taken by the country's first Mars rover Zhurong on Friday, signifying the complete success of China's first Mars exploration mission.

Xu said that China has seen new breakthroughs in the country's Tianwen-1 mission. The probe has, for the first time, successfully completed the interplanetary flight, soft-landing and roving on an extraterrestrial planet.

The completion of the orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission indicates that the country has come to the forefront of the world in Mars exploration, Xu said.

He also noted that this is the first time that the country has carried out monitoring and communication activities over a distance of 400 million km and obtained first-hand scientific data on Mars.


【行星探测工程后续任务已得到中央肯定，相关方案正按程序履行报批手续】中国的行星探测工程，下一步拟于2028年实施火星取样返回任务。同时还将在2025年前后实施近地小行星取样返回和主带彗星的环绕探测，2029年实施木星系及行星际穿越探测任务。后续行星探测工程任务，已经得到中央肯定，相关方案正按程序履行报批手续。​

China Aerospace
June 12 at 21:47

[The follow-up mission of the planetary exploration project has been affirmed by the central government, and the relevant plans are undergoing approval application in accordance with the procedures]

In China’s planetary exploration project, the next step is to implement a Mars sample return mission in 2028. At the same time, near-Earth asteroid sampling and return and main belt comet orbit detection will be carried out around 2025, and Jupiter system and interplanetary crossing missions will be carried out in 2029. Subsequent planetary exploration missions have been affirmed by the central government, and the relevant plans are undergoing approval application in accordance with procedures.

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JSCh said:
China making plans for future space exploration: official
Source: Xinhua| 2021-06-12 20:48:19|Editor: huaxia

1310004735_16235020991841n.jpg
The China National Space Administration released new images on June 11, 2021 taken by the country's first Mars rover Zhurong. The photo shows China's national flag unfurled from the glistening landing platform on the red planet. (Photo provided to Xinhua)

BEIJING, June 12 (Xinhua) -- China is making plans for the future development of its space program, including exploring asteroids and the Jovian system, collecting samples from Mars and exploring the polar region of the moon, said an official from the China National Space Administration (CNSA) on Saturday.

Xu Hongliang, a spokesperson of the CNSA, said at a press conference held in Beijing that about the year 2025 China plans to launch a probe to collect samples from a near-Earth asteroid and explore a comet in one mission.

China plans to launch a Mars sample-return mission and a Jovian system exploration mission sometime about 2030, Xu said.

In addition, China plans to launch the Chang'e-6 and Chang'e-7 lunar probes in the coming five years to explore the environment and resources and collect samples from the polar region of the moon, Xu said.

By the end of 2022, China will have completed the construction of its space station, in which astronauts can stay for prolonged periods to carry out scientific experiments, Xu said.

"We should coordinate space science, space technology and space applications, in accordance with the principle of being technically realizable, financially affordable and scientifically contributive," said Xu.

The development of heavy-lift launch vehicles, reusable space transportation systems and satellite internet will also be the focus of future development plans, according to Xu.

The CNSA released new images taken by the country's first Mars rover Zhurong on Friday, signifying the complete success of China's first Mars exploration mission.

Xu said that China has seen new breakthroughs in the country's Tianwen-1 mission. The probe has, for the first time, successfully completed the interplanetary flight, soft-landing and roving on an extraterrestrial planet.

The completion of the orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission indicates that the country has come to the forefront of the world in Mars exploration, Xu said.

He also noted that this is the first time that the country has carried out monitoring and communication activities over a distance of 400 million km and obtained first-hand scientific data on Mars.


【行星探测工程后续任务已得到中央肯定，相关方案正按程序履行报批手续】中国的行星探测工程，下一步拟于2028年实施火星取样返回任务。同时还将在2025年前后实施近地小行星取样返回和主带彗星的环绕探测，2029年实施木星系及行星际穿越探测任务。后续行星探测工程任务，已经得到中央肯定，相关方案正按程序履行报批手续。​

China Aerospace
June 12 at 21:47

[The follow-up mission of the planetary exploration project has been affirmed by the central government, and the relevant plans are undergoing approval application in accordance with the procedures]

In China’s planetary exploration project, the next step is to implement a Mars sample return mission in 2028. At the same time, near-Earth asteroid sampling and return and main belt comet orbit detection will be carried out around 2025, and Jupiter system and interplanetary crossing missions will be carried out in 2029. Subsequent planetary exploration missions have been affirmed by the central government, and the relevant plans are undergoing approval application in accordance with procedures.

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China need to get Long March 9 rocket up by 2023. I am confident this is a possible time line. The rocket engine is ready and the fuselage has also been fabricated.. All it need is quickly assemble this rocket and test it. Build the relevant launch ground station. The time available is not much but its possible.
 
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【航天科技八院研制大型复合材料液氧贮箱成功通过工程应用试验验证】据航天科技八院今日公众号消息:近日，由该院805所设计研制的3.35米直径复合材料液氧贮箱低温力学试验圆满完成。这是国内大型复合材料液氧贮箱首次通过工程应用量级的试验验证，标志着我国复合材料液氧贮箱已经初步具备工程应用能力，后续预计在我国新一代运载火箭上实现工程应用。805所开展了3.35米直径复合材料液氧贮箱低温110%使用压力试验，各项关键技术攻关成果得以集中验证，产品性能表现良好。
10余项关键技术的攻克打破了以往复合材料极少涉足于低温密封领域的局面，国内首次低温力学试验的成功，更是表明了805所在大型复合材料液氧贮箱的关键技术攻关上取得了实质性突破，这使得复合材料液氧贮箱于“十四五”在我国新一代运载火箭上实现工程应用的目标变得现实可行。​

China Aerospace
Today at 17:10

[The large-scale composite liquid oxygen storage tank developed by the Eighth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology successfully passed the engineering application verification test]

According to today’s public account of the Eighth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology: Recently, the 3.35-meter-diameter composite liquid oxygen storage tank designed and developed by the 805 Institute of the Academy has successfully completed the low-temperature mechanical test. This is the first time that a large-scale composite liquid oxygen tank in China has passed the test and verification of the engineering application level, marking that my country's composite material liquid oxygen tank has initially possessed engineering application capabilities, and it is expected to realize engineering application on my country's new generation of carrier rockets in the future. The 805 Institute carried out a low-temperature 110% pressure test of a 3.35-meter-diameter composite liquid oxygen storage tank. The key technical research results have been intensively verified, and the product has performed well.

The overcoming of more than 10 key technologies broke the previous situation that composite materials rarely involved in the field of low-temperature sealing. The success of the first domestic low-temperature mechanical test and the 805 made a substantial breakthrough in the key technology of large-scale composite liquid oxygen storage tanks. This makes it realistic and feasible to achieve the goal of engineering application of composite liquid oxygen tanks in my country's new generation launch vehicles during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

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