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China Outer Space Science, Technology and Explorations: News & Updates

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China is funding a concept study of a 4-6m space telescope named HABITATS ( HABItable Terrestrial planetary ATmospheric Surveyor). HABITATS will be dedicated for the characterization of habitable rocky planets around nearby stars, which aims to start its operation within the next 10-15 years and last for 5+ years.

Source:
搜寻系外生命信号的天邻计划(I)
搜寻系外生命信号的天邻计划系列(II)

Excerpt:

我们提出了雄心勃勃的天邻计划(HABITATS,HABItable Terrestrial planetary ATmospheric Surveyor),一个专用于研究系外行星大气的空间望远镜项目。它将站在前人巡天成果的肩上,通过光谱观测获取大量信息,提高人类对于行星性质的了解,探索宜居带超级地球和类地行星的性质,搜寻可能的生命信号,开启人类研究行星、认识宇宙的新篇章。​
计划中的天邻将是口径大于4米的轻量型空间望远镜,服役于150万公里以外的日地L2轨道。L2轨道可以提供极佳的动力学稳定性和热环境稳定性,以及对单颗星长时间连续观测的能力。天邻将采用单镜面离轴三镜系统,计划包括高稳定度指向成像传感器、高对比度星冕仪、紫外到光学波段的高分辨率光谱仪和近红外波段的低分辨率光谱仪等4个主要天文设备。计划应用简单成熟的光学系统,设计时将尽量减少可移动部件,从而大幅降低本项目的风险,提高设计运行寿命。同时这样稳定的系统将拥有非常高的稳定度和精度,使得观测类似太阳-地球这样的宜居带行星系统成为可能,而通用大型空间望远镜包括JWST难以做到。​
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图7. 天邻计划概念图(图源:作者)​
天邻将专注于观测太阳系附近的G型星或K型星系统。它将对行星系统进行长达几十到几百小时的长时间、多波段(包括紫外、可见光和近红外波段)观测,利用凌星光谱法、次食光谱法或直接光谱法获得各类行星尤其是岩石类行星大气的光谱,研究行星大气的温度、结构和组成,分析行星大气或表面上可能存在的生命信号。在5年的服役寿命期间,预计可获得10个以上宜居带类地行星的光谱,并通过这些光谱来判断行星中是否有生命信号。​

Machine translation:

We have proposed the ambitious HABITATS (HABItable Terrestrial planetary ATmospheric Surveyor), a space telescope project dedicated to studying the atmosphere of exoplanets. It will stand on the shoulders of predecessors of sky surveys, obtain a large amount of information through spectral observations, improve human understanding of the nature of planets, explore the nature of super-earths and terrestrial planets in the habitable zone, search for possible signals of life, and open up human research on planets. A new chapter in understanding the universe.

The planned Tianlin(HABITATS) will be a lightweight space telescope with a caliber greater than 4 meters, serving in the Sun-Earth L2 orbit 1.5 million kilometers away. The L2 orbit can provide excellent mechanical and thermal stability, as well as the ability to continuously observe a single star for a long time. Tianlin will adopt a single-mirror off-axis three-mirror system. The plan includes four major astronomy systems, including a high pointing stability imaging sensor, a high-contrast coronagraph, a high-resolution spectrometer in the ultraviolet to optical band, and a low-resolution spectrometer in the near-infrared band. It plan to use simple and mature optical system, with minimal movable parts, to reduce the risk and increase the design operating life. Furthermore such a system will have very high stability and accuracy, making it feasible to observe habitable planetary systems similar to Sun-Earth, which would be difficult for general space telescopes including James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Tianlin will focus on observing G-type stars or K-type star systems near the solar system. It will conduct long-term, multi-wavelength (including ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared) observations for tens to hundreds of hours, and use transit spectroscopy, secondary eclipse spectroscopy or direct spectroscopy to obtain the atmospheric spectra of various types of planets, especially rocky planetary; studying the temperature, structure and composition of planetary atmospheres, and analyzing the signs of life that may exist on the planetary atmosphere or on the surface. During the five-year service life, it is estimated that the spectra of more than 10 terrestrial planets in the habitable zone can be obtained, and these spectra can be used to determine whether there are signs of life on the planets.
 
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Chinese Deep Space Exploration: Venus Orbiter and Lander, Mars Sampling Return, Asteroid Probe

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/china-outer-space-science-technology-and-explorations-news-updates.464793/post-12820736

Tianwen-2 Mission

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/china-outer-space-science-technology-and-explorations-news-updates.464793/post-12839973

Tianwen-4 Mission

https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/china-outer-space-science-technology-and-explorations-news-updates.464793/post-12892519

Tianwen-3 Mission

This slide gives the roadmap of a Martian sample return mission as currently envisaged in China.

It would follow the already tested and proven Chang'e-5 lunar return sample strategy.

Two launches in November 2028, landing on Mars in October 2029, takeoff in July 2030 and return to Earth in September 2031.

The orbiter would be launched by CZ-5, the lander with ascender-rocket by a CZ-3B.

The orbiter will enter Mars orbit and wait, while the lander that made the trip separately would land on Mars.

After the collection of rocks, the ascender rocket would take off, then rendezvous and dock with the orbiter in Mars orbit, before transferring the rock samples, and separate and crash land to the surface.

The orbiter with the rock container would make the return trip following an earth transfer orbit. A reentry capsule would separate from the orbiter and dive into the earth atmosphere, with a skip reentry, bringing the rocks to earth.

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https://archive.ph/P9l4y/912fd111e3e7200c312728c8400a89c8fe341810.jpg ; https://archive.ph/P9l4y/a66b8a430b7c54cdc81ac9035a5f25b64521fe86/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210326194135/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EwhhN2UXEAAmsxI?format=jpg&name=large
1. Roadmap of a Martian sample return mission.

But wait, Mars weather already landed in Jiuquan SLC as of 15th March 2021! :rofl::rofl::rofl::rofl::rofl::rofl::rofl:

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https://archive.ph/8bkkH/3333fb70533a640079c57850d4864840486cc74e/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210326195750/https://archive.ph/8bkkH/3333fb70533a640079c57850d4864840486cc74e/scr.png ; https://archive.ph/8bkkH ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210315121012/https://twitter.com/HenriKenhmann/status/1371433506216153092
2. Mars weather already landed in Jiuquan SLC as of 15th March 2021.

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【中国 ASO-S 即将研制成功,将对太阳磁场进行探测】

中国第一颗综合性太阳探测卫星——先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S),即将进入正样研制阶段。目前,卫星的工程样机研制已经接近完成,有望于 2022 年发射升空。ASO-S 主要科学目标为研究“一磁两暴”,即太阳磁场以及两类最剧烈的太阳爆发现象——耀斑和日冕物质抛射。届时,ASO-S 将详细记录第二十五个太阳活动周的“太阳风暴”,并及时预报太阳爆发对地球的可能影响。​

MIT Technology Review
Today at 15:30 from the weibo.com

[China’s ASO-S is about to be successfully developed and will explore solar magnetic field]

China's first comprehensive solar exploration satellite - Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), will soon enter full prototype development stage. At present, the development of an engineering prototype of the satellite is almost complete, and is expected to be launched in 2022. The main scientific goal of ASO-S is to study "one magnet and two eruptions". That is, the solar magnetic field and the two most violent solar eruptions - solar flares and coronal mass ejections. ASO-S is expected to record in details the "solar storm" of the 25th solar active week, and timely forecast possible impact of the solar eruption to planet Earth.

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NEWS RELEASE 2-APR-2021
Evidence for PeVatrons, the Milky Way's most powerful particle accelerators | EurekAlert! Science News
CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES HEADQUARTERS

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The China-Japan collaboration placed new water Cherenkov-type muon detectors under the existing air-shower array in 2014.
CREDIT
Image by Institute of High Energy Physics


The Tibet ASγ experiment, a China-Japan joint research project on cosmic-ray observation, has discovered ultra-high-energy diffuse gamma rays from the Milky Way galaxy. The highest energy detected is estimated to be unprecedentedly high, nearly 1 Peta electronvolts (PeV, or one million billion eV).

Surprisingly, these gamma rays do not point back to known high-energy gamma-ray sources, but are spread out across the Milky Way (see Fig.1).

Scientists believe these gamma rays are produced by the nuclear interaction between cosmic rays escaping from the most powerful galactic sources ("PeVatrons") and interstellar gas in the Milky Way galaxy. This observational evidence marks an important milestone in revealing the origin of cosmic rays, which has puzzled mankind for more than a century.

Cosmic rays are high-energy particles from outer space that are mainly composed of protons and nuclei, as well as small numbers of electrons/positrons and gamma rays. Cosmic rays below a few PeV are believed to be produced in our Milky Way galaxy, and a source that can accelerate cosmic rays up to PeV energy is called a PeVatron. Although supernova remnants, star-forming regions and the supermassive black hole at the galactic center are suggested to be candidate PeVatrons, none have been identified observationally yet, mainly because the majority of cosmic rays have an electric charge and will lose their original direction when propagating in the Milky Way as well as be bent by the magnetic field.

However, cosmic rays can interact with the interstellar medium near their acceleration place and produce gamma rays with roughly 10% of the energy of their parent cosmic rays. As the direction of electrically neutral gamma rays cannot be changed by the magnetic field, ultra-high-energy gamma rays (0.1-1 PeV) may tell us where the PeVatrons are in the Milky Way.

The Tibet ASγ experiment was started in 1990. After several expansions, the current air shower array consists of more than 500 radiation detectors distributed across about 65,000 square meters. In order to improve its sensitivity to gamma rays observations, new water Cherenkov-type muon detectors with a total effective area of 3400 m2 were added under the existing surface cosmic-ray detectors in 2014 (see Fig. 2).

Since gamma-rays events are muon poor and the dominant proton/nucleus events are muon rich, this feature can be used to suppress the background induced by the proton/nucleus events. Using this technique, the Tibet ASγ experiment successfully reduced proton/nucleus background events to one millionth, the most efficient one ever realized in this kind of experiment. We can therefore detect ultra-high-energy gamma rays almost free of cosmic-ray background events.

Scientists from the Tibet ASγ experiment observed gamma rays with energies between about 0.1 and 1 PeV coming from the galactic disk regions. Specifically, they found 23 ultra-high-energy cosmic gamma rays with energies above 398 TeV along the Milky Way. Of these, the highest energy observed was nearly 1 PeV, which is a new world record for gamma ray photons detected anywhere.

Surprisingly, these gamma rays do not point back to the most powerful known high-energy gamma-ray sources, but are spread out along the Milky Way! Scientists soon noticed that these gamma rays probably originated from the interaction of PeV cosmic rays and the interstellar medium after they escaped from the acceleration sources (PeVatrons). This process, known as "hadronic origin," produces gamma rays with energies roughly one-tenth that of their parent cosmic rays via the production and subsequent decay of neutral pions.

These diffuse gamma rays hint at the ubiquitous existence of powerful cosmic particle accelerators (PeVatrons) within the Milky Way. In other words, if PeVatrons exist, the cosmic rays they emit would permeate the galaxy, producing a diffuse glow of gamma rays of extreme energies. That' s just what scientists with the Tibet ASγ experiment have found. This is a long-awaited discovery for decades, providing unequivocal evidence for the existence of PeVatrons in the past and/or now in our Milky Way galaxy.

Two years ago, scientists of the Tibet ASγ experiment found extremely energetic gamma rays from the Crab Nebula, a pulsar wind nebula in the Milky Way. Those gamma rays were probably produced in a different manner, such as by high energy electrons/positrons in the nebula, a process called "leptonic origin."

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Distribution of the ultra-high-energy gamma rays (yellow points) detected by the Tibet ASγ experiment in the galactic coordinate system. They are obviously concentrated along the galactic disk. The gray shaded area indicates what is outside of the field of view. The background color shows atomic hydrogen distribution in the galactic coordinates.
CREDIT
Image by https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/foreground/fg_hi4pi_get.cfm

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The Tibet air shower array located 4300 m above sea level in Tibet, China
CREDIT
Image by Institute of High Energy Physics



Also report of the research from the "American Physical Society"
 
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In reply to an inveterate lier masquerading behind an Iranian false flag (user:sha-ah), that reposted no less than 3 times the same rubbish, here a small clarification.

And not in the Iranian Space thread, as obviously the intent of the poster was only for trolling and disinformation.

The most devastating space related disaster of all time

The Nedelin Disaster

A rush job ended with nearly 100 lives lost when a fully-fueled rocket ignited on the launchpad during testing.

October 22, 2010

There's some justice in the fact that the worst rocket accident in history, which happened 50 years ago this week, is remembered by the name of the man who caused it.

Marshal Mitrofan Nedelin was an ambitious military leader who rose to command the Soviet Union's Strategic Missile Forces during the Cold War. In the autumn of 1960, his main focus was developing the new R-16 intercontinental ballistic missile, which was meant to be an answer to the American Atlas. According to Soviet rocket designer Boris Chertok in his landmark history Rockets and People, work on the R-16 was proceeding ahead of schedule, with a target date of July 1961 for the first launch, when Nedelin upped the ante: He would launch by November 7, in time for the 43rd anniversary of the Soviet revolution.

Nedelin's desire for glory cost him his life, and the lives of nearly 100 others. Rushing the schedule led exhausted workers to take all kinds of short cuts and risks, including continuing to work on the missile after it was fully fueled on the launch pad at Baikonur, with some 250 people milling around within close range.

On the evening of October 24, a cascading series of errors, including a mistaken switch setting, led to a rocketeer's worst nightmare: the R-16's second stage fired on the pad, still attached to the first stage underneath it, which immediately exploded.

Chertok describes the scene:
Propellant components splashing out of the tanks soaked the testers standing nearby. Fire instantly devoured them. Poisonous vapors killed them. Of course, the quality of the film frames is not up to today's standards but when viewed in slow motion you can see how the missile and erector burned and how the frantic people trapped on the service platforms jumped straight into the fire and were instantly consumed. The enormous temperature at a significant distance from the epicenter of the fire burned peoples' clothing, and many of those fleeing who got bogged down in molten asphalt burned up completely.

There was an investigation, but no witch-hunt or official blame. Soviet authorities decided that being on the scene of the accident was punishment enough for the engineers and technicians who survived. Families of the victims were told to keep quiet, and the first detailed accounts of the accident were not published until the late 1980s.

As for Marshal Nedelin, he was near the base of the missile at the time of the explosion, and perished in the blast. Writes Chertok: "The majority of the dead were unrecognizable. ... Nedelin was identified by the 'Gold Star' medal that had survived."

A new documentary on the Nedelin disaster will air on Russian TV this weekend:


https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/the-nedelin-disaster-146124579/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqT90VmYgEU


But, this is nothing compared to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, that was even worse if one consider that military or civilian casualties covered by state secrecy inflict lesser national humiliation and loss of international prestige, compared to the death of one's first ever astronaut televised live worldwide!

The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was a fatal disaster in the United States space program that occurred on 1st February 2003, when the Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere, killing all seven crew members. The disaster was the second fatal accident in the Space Shuttle program, after the 1986 breakup of Challenger soon after liftoff.

Ilan Ramon

Ilan Ramon, a colonel in the Israeli Air Force was the first Israeli astronaut, and was killed in the re-entry accident with all the six other crew members.

With Ilan Ramon's death, Israel is to this day, the only nation in the world to have lost its first ever astronaut during a maiden spaceflight.

faded_Star_of_David.jpg

https://archive.is/0WUZC/93e8c8bbf76711aa4f5214f007382893bfcc483d.jpg ; https://archive.is/0WUZC/7caab1bfa4fed8cdaf1ed6f5b0e6b5460a2dee4f/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20201128054552/https://israelforever.org/images/faded_Star_of_David.jpg ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210131173017/https://israelforever.org/interact/blog/defining_moments/ ; https://archive.ph/UodQ6
1. The tattered remains of an Israeli Air Force flag which Ramon carried into space, found among the debris in Texas.


The Columbia Disaster Was Worse Than You Thought
1,190,789 views •Apr 27, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXiZ3RHR3bg


Conclusion, if Iran's first astronaut can't make it back alive to Earth, it won't beat the Israeli record!

Source:

Recap by order of gravity:

5. 🇨🇳 On 15 February 1996, a Long March rocket carrying the Intelsat 708 Satellite veered off course immediately after launch, crashing in the nearby village 22 seconds later, destroying 80 houses. According to official Chinese reports there were 6 fatalities and 57 injuries resulting from the incident, but other accounts estimated 100 fatalities.

4. 🇷🇺 The Nedelin Disaster was worse with 300 casualties including top rocket scientists, delaying the development of the R-16 ICBM.

3. 🇮🇷 The Bidganeh arsenal explosion was a large explosion that occurred about 13:30 local time, 12 November 2011 in Iran's Moddares garrison missile base. The facility is also referred to as Shahid Modarres missile base,[1] and the Alghadir missile base.[2] Seventeen members of the Revolutionary Guards were killed in this incident,[3] including Major General Hassan Moqaddam, described as "a key figure in Iran's missile programme".
The consequences have been devastating for Iran with the loss of its Chief designer General Hassan Tehrani Moggadam, delaying severely the development of the Qaem SLV. Indeed, a decade later, as of 2021, this 3.5 meter diameter rocket has still not been flown.

2. 🇧🇷 The Brazilian 22nd August 2003 Alcântara VLS accident during the Brazilian Space Agency's third attempt to launch the VLS-1 rocket, killing 21 people.
The explosion leveled the rocket's launch pad, reducing a 10-story high structure to a pile of twisted metal. But worse, the death of key scientist simply put an end to the Brazilian space effort.

1. 🇺🇸🇮🇱 The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was a fatal disaster in the United States space program that occurred on 1st February 2003, when the Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere, killing all seven crew members. The disaster was the second fatal accident in the Space Shuttle program, after the 1986 breakup of Challenger soon after liftoff.
This catastrophe totally discredited the space shuttle as a viable space transportation system, ending with its final flight on July 2011.
Leaving the U.S. without any manned space launcher for a decade, until the advent of the SpaceX Crew Dragon on 16 November 2020, but with a much decreased cargo capacity, compared to the space shuttle.

Ilan Ramon, a colonel in the Israeli Air Force was the first Israeli astronaut, and was killed in the re-entry accident with all the six other crew members.
With Ilan Ramon's death, Israel is to this day, the only nation in the world to have lost its first ever astronaut during a maiden spaceflight.

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https://archive.vn/9wZvQ/9eacdc743affd740f9ccb6630d1019990983c782.jpg ; https://archive.vn/9wZvQ/be2e271db6c250cacebbb47411afa8e8dcb9b9a0/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210404233515/https://i.imgur.com/sUo6A7t.jpg
2. With Ilan Ramon's death, Israel is to this day, the only nation in the world to have lost its first ever astronaut during a maiden spaceflight.

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:cool:🚬
 
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(Yicai Global) April 7 -- The Chinese port city of Ningbo, best known as the home of the world’s busiest port in terms of cargo tonnage, is to build a CNY20 billion (USD3.1 billion) rocket launch site to meet surging demand for putting satellites into orbit.

The Ningbo International Commercial Space Launch Center will be able to launch 100 rockets a year, the Zhejiang Daily reported yesterday, citing a local government planning document.


 
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Asian Space Powers Smash The 50 Years Old U.S.-SOV Conspiracy on Mars' Water

Mangalayaan and Tianwen-1 force the U.S. and Soviet to end one of the 50 years long campaign of disinformation, thus revealing the scope of the lies.

This one is the no water other that on Earth fallacy, that ended only after the Cold War by the end of the 1990s.

As for water on Mars, the disinformation campaign ended only by 2010, under the threat of the truth being revealed by India's MARS ORBITER MISSION (MOM, Mangalayaan).

Indeed, instead of following China in its space race, to end up at the second place again and again, India has decided to skip its second Lunar Orbiter Mission and send the same spacecraft instead on a Mars orbit.

India's Chandrayan-1 Lunar orbiter was launched on 22 October 2008, behind China's first lunar orbiter Chang'e-1 launched on 24th October 2007.

China's second lunar orbiter Chang'e-2 was launched on 1st October 2010.

India's Chandrayan-2 Lunar orbiter would have only secured a second place again, but the decision was taken sometimes after October 2010 and the official announcement on 5th August 2012 during the Independence Day address of India to redirect into a Mars orbiter mission.

Mangalayaan was finally launched on 5th November 2013, entering Mars orbital insertion on 23rd September 2014.

Thus instantaneously ending the U.S. and Soviet monopoly of orbital imagery of the red planet, and smashing half-century of disinformation by the 2 former European superpowers:

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https://archive.is/ieW1i/20b434359b0b3b03346bc79168106261e2b07a82.jpg ; https://archive.is/ieW1i/6b8f0ceb6a49ea54a4aaec94b87eb1e2d0be66ba/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210409185158/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Pictures%20from%20Mars%20Colour%20Camera%20%28MCC%29%20onboard%20India%E2%80%99s%20Mars%20Orbiter%20Spacecraft/mom.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210409185458/https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission/pictures-mars-colour-camera-mcc-onboard-india%E2%80%99s-mars-orbiter ; https://archive.ph/T5uuC
1. Mangalayaan smashing 50 years of European disinformation: Olympus Mons Water ice Clouds.

This ground breaking event for mankind has forced the U.S. to claim in a damage control attempt, the alleged sudden discovery of water on Mars for themselves.

And as the falsification becomes meaningless in face of the truth speakers, the NASA's released images of Mars have been less and less photoshoped with passing time.

Indeed, with the arrival of China's own Mars orbiter, lander and rover Tianwen-1, in March 2021, water clouds can no longer be denied. In the below official picture, no caption can be found. A possible interpretation is that the water seen might not be clouds in the sky but be in the solid form on the ground such as ice crystals or snow pushed by the wind to form snow-dunes.

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https://archive.ph/HGgGP/b256f1face517999989a67e3c475e8c1fa3cf9bc.jpg ; https://archive.ph/HGgGP/f60d28bd3699dfe009b3169911defc561d8803c0/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210304041342/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-04/China-releases-image-of-Mars-captured-by-Tianwen-1-YlGrQYTx96/img/2e42477dfc8e4dda9ad7a80e1efe1c9d/2e42477dfc8e4dda9ad7a80e1efe1c9d.jpeg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210304012304/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-04/China-releases-image-of-Mars-captured-by-Tianwen-1-YlGrQYTx96/index.html ; https://archive.ph/styop
2. With the arrival of China's own Mars orbiter, lander and rover Tianwen-1, in March 2021, water clouds or dunes can no longer be denied.

As of 2021, the U.S. NASA is no more frantically photoshoping every single frames, and we can see the water cloud in the picture taken recently by the U.S. Perseverance Mars Rover:

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https://archive.ph/5veF3/9ea4e31ae7caaafe51417fb4557564ebb025aa37.jpg ; https://archive.ph/5veF3/4e9ad854a86ded8764a7b74ecb839f002f5ad035/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210407082843/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020-raw-images/pub/ods/surface/sol/00043/ids/edr/browse/rcam/RRF_0043_0670767855_054EBY_N0031398RHAZ02006_00_0LLJ01_1200.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210409191918/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/ ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210409192139/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/RRF_0043_0670767855_054EBY_N0031398RHAZ02006_00_0LLJ ; https://archive.ph/F0n4k ; https://archive.ph/F0n4k/d393eae6fea83d6792cb328a1b2b41c300c637ef/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210409191918/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/ ; https://archive.ph/eAsHW
3. Clouds visible not erased by the U.S. censorship. NASA's Mars Perseverance rover acquired this image of the area in back of it using its onboard Rear Right Hazard Avoidance Camera. This image was acquired on Apr. 4, 2021 (Sol 43) at the local mean solar time of 15:14:38.

Conclusion, Asians must never thrust the Europeans. For the sake of Asia's own survival, and to not be fooled then robbed like the African failed states.

China, India, North Korea, Myanmar, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey should always do everything possible to break the European powers' technological and scientific hegemony.

Furthermore, Asians should not fall in the trap of the good cop versus the bad cop clumsy trick, that only benefit both the U.S. good cop and the Russian bad cop, the old duo that have been working hands in gloves over the last 200 years!

Do you hear that #KimJongUn, #XiJinping, #ImranKhan, #HassanRouhani, #RecepTayyipErdogan, #NarendraModi?

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07:38, 09-Apr-2021
China launches satellite for space environment study
Updated 09:49, 09-Apr-2021
CGTN

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China's Long March-4B rocket blasts off with a Shiyan-6 satellite for space environment study, April 9, 2021. /CMG

China launched a satellite into planned orbit on Friday for space environment study. The satellite was carried by a Long March-4B rocket departing from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in north China's Shanxi Province.

The satellite, the third of the Shiyan-6 series, was launched at 7:01 a.m. It will be used to carry out space environment survey and experiments on related technologies.

The first and second Shiyan-6 satellites were both launched by China's Long March-2D rocket, in November 2018 and July 2020 respectively, for similar objectives.

The Long March-4B carrier rocket is a three-stage carrier rocket powered with liquid fuel under normal temperature.

The rocket is capable of launching various types of satellites to different orbits, and can launch multiple satellites in single flight. It can carry a payload of up to 2.5 tonnes to a sun-synchronous circular orbit.

Friday's launch was the 365th by the Long March rocket series.


#我国成功发射试验六号03星# 【国家纳米科学中心研发的纳米复合超黑涂层材料成功应用于卫星光学系统暗弱目标探测】2021年4月9日,我国在太原卫星发射中心成功将试验六号03星发射升空,卫星顺利进入预定轨道。该卫星光学系统遮光板表面采用了国家纳米科学中心研发的纳米复合超黑涂层材料,实现对太阳光及地气光等杂散光的抑制,将大幅提高卫星光学系统对暗弱目标的探测能力。
空间卫星光学系统的暗弱信号探测能力和精度严重受到杂散光影响,超黑材料光吸收率提高1%即可数量级地提升其抑制杂散光的能力。基于碳纳米材料本征吸光和微纳复合结构多重反射吸光协同效应机制,国家纳米科学中心研制的工程化大面积纳米复合超黑涂层材料,紫外-可见-近红外范围吸收率高达99.6%,超过目前航天领域现役的美国、法国、以色列同类产品性能,吸光率和技术成熟度均优于美国宇航局纳米技术路线图指标;经独立第三方检测,全面满足了广角吸收、高频振动、高速冲击、质量损失、紫外老化、冷热循环等卫星发射和空间极端环境应用的各项指标和性能。试验六号03星的成功发射,是我国卫星光学系统第一次采用超黑材料遮光板技术。
纳米复合超黑涂层材料在暗弱目标探测、星际导航、红外隐身等领域具有广阔的应用前景http://t.cn/A6cItn8k
图1. 纳米复合超黑涂层材料遮光板样件
图2. 涂敷了现役航天黑漆(左)和纳米复合超黑涂层(右)的几何结构样件比较​

China Aerospace
Today at 18:09

The nanocomposite ultra-black coating material developed by the National Nanoscience Center has been successfully applied to the detection of faint targets in satellite optical system

On April 9, 2021, my country successfully launched the Shiyan-6 03 satellite at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, and the satellite successfully entered the intended orbit. The surface of the Shiyan-6 satellite optical system light shield adopts the nanocomposite super-black coating material developed by the National Nanoscience Center to suppress stray light such as sunlight and earth atmosphere light, which will greatly improve the satellite optical system's ability to detect dim targets. Dim signal detection capability and accuracy of the space satellite optical system is seriously affected by stray light, Increasing light absorption rate by 1% can suppress stray light by orders of magnitude.
Utilizing synergistic mechanism of both the intrinsic light absorption characteristic of carbon nanomaterials plus multiple reflection light absorption capability of micro-nano composite structure, National Nanoscience Center has engineered a large-area nanocomposite ultra-black coating material with an absorption rate of up to 99.6% in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared range. Exceeding the performance of similar products in the United States, France, and Israel currently in service in space, and the absorbance and technological maturity are even better than those of NASA’s nanotechnology roadmap; tested by an independent third party, it has fully met target in wide angle absorption, high frequency vibration, high-speed impact, degradation, UV aging, hot and cold cycle resilience, and other performances indicators used in satellite launch and extreme space environment applications.

The successful launch of Shiyan-6 03 satellite is the first time that China's satellite optical system uses super black material light-shielding technology. Nanocomposite ultra-black coating materials have broad application prospects in dim target detection, interstellar navigation, infrared stealth and other fields http://t.cn/A6cItn8k

Figure 1. Sample of light-shielding plate with nano-composite super-black coating material
Figure 2. Comparison of geometric structure samples coated with active aerospace black paint (left) and nanocomposite ultra-black coating (right)

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The maiden flight of LM-7A failed last March. This is a replacement flight to launch "New technology verification"-6 satellite.

I think you are confusing it with the LM-7 that send the cargo to the new space station?

From Amaury67 via 9ifly.spacety.com,
View attachment 722877
Global Times @globaltimesnews
China state-affiliated media

A Long March-7 Y3 carrier rocket, tasked with sending the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft to space to prepare for China’s upcoming space station mission, has been built and arrived at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province on Monday.

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3:51 PM · Apr 12, 2021
 
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4月16日 18:00 已编辑​
【“云龙”组合动力发动机关键试验完成,用于空天往返飞行器】中国航天报记者从中国航天科工三院31所获悉,由该所研制的组合动力发动机——“云龙”发动机的预冷装置已经完成了目前国内最大尺度、最大空气流量的温降试验,试验结果超出预期。

早在2018年,三院负责人曾对媒体公开表示,我国正在研制一种用于天地往返运输并可重复使用的“空天飞机”。按计划,“云龙”发动机将为空天往返飞行器提供动力。

记者获悉,去年,31所完成了该型发动机原理样机的整机试制,并通过了第一阶段的系统级地面试验验证。该型发动机多项关键技术攻关获得突破。 @中国航天科工

China Aerospace News
April 16 18:00

[The key test of the "Yunlong" combined cycle engine has been completed, for use in aerospace shuttles]

A reporter from China Aerospace News learned from the 31st Institute of the Third Academy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp. that the pre-cooling device of the combined cycle engine-"Yunlong" developed by the institute has completed temperature reduction test with the largest scale and largest air flow in China. The result exceeded expectations.

As early as 2018, the person in charge of the 31st institutes publicly stated to the media that China is developing a reusable "Ground to space plane" for transportation between earth and space. According to the plan, the "Yunlong" engine will provide power for this aerospace shuttle.

The reporter was informed that last year, 31 st Institute completed the trial production of the prototype of this type of engine, and passed the first phase of the system-level ground test verification. A number of key technological breakthroughs have been made for this type of engine.

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This is from a presentation in 2019. The precooler for 2020 is almost on schedule. Prototype of 15ton thrust in 2025.

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【中国小行星探测器将搭载的俄罗斯仪器将研究等离子问题】俄罗斯卫星通讯社4月16日的报道:俄科学院太空研究所首席科研员亚历山大•扎哈罗夫接受卫星通讯社采访时表示,中国“郑和”号小行星探测器将飞往主带彗星Elst–Pizarro,其搭载的俄罗斯仪器将研究这颗小行星的等离子环境。​
扎哈罗夫说,中国在一年半前邀请俄罗斯参加这个项目,俄方提议建造两台仪器,分别记录小行星抛出的尘粒和研究太阳风行星际等离子体与这颗小行星的相互作用。扎哈罗夫补充到,“中国让我们自己选,结果决定在‘郑和’号上安装研究等离子环境的仪器。”扎哈罗夫指出,这颗小行星处于活跃期,这一点值得关注。此类小行星的行为“就像彗星,也就是说有自己的尾巴”,可以和彗星一样可能曾“给地球带来水和生命”。 此前曾有报道称,中国计划在2024年发射“郑和”号探测器,考察近地小行星Kamoalewa(469219)并把星壤样本带回地球,同时对小行星Elst–Pizarro(7968)展开研究。​

China Aerospace
April 16th 18:08

[Russian instruments to be carried by the Chinese asteroid probe, will research plasma]

Sputnik News Agency reported on April 16: In an interview with Sputnik News Agency, chief researcher Alexander Zakharov of the Institute of Space Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences said that the Chinese asteroid probe "Zheng He" will fly to the main belt asteroid Elst–Pizarro, It will carry Russian instrument that will study the plasma environment of this asteroid.

Zakharov said that China invited Russia to participate in this project a year and a half ago. Russia proposed to build two instruments to record the dust particles thrown by the asteroid and to study the interaction between the interplanetary solar wind plasma and the asteroid. Zakharov added, "China let us choose by ourselves, and in the end we decided to install instruments for studying the plasma environment on the "Zheng He". Zakharov pointed out that this asteroid is in an active period, which deserves attention. Such asteroids behave like comets, that is to say they have their own tails, and may have “brought water and life to the earth” just like comets. It was previously reported that China plans to launch the Zheng He probe in 2024 to investigate the near-Earth asteroid Kamoalewa (469219) and bring samples of the stellar soil back to Earth, while also conducting research on the asteroid Elst-Pizarro (7968) .

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From 卡尔达瓦里希 via weibo.

Picture of Tianhe core module of Chinese Space Station. Preparing for launch set on 29th April by LM-5B rocket. Roll out of the rocket is expected to be on day after tomorrow at 23rd April.

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