Nilgiri
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Well, as we now know, the life expectancy in India in 1970 is 49. So what do you think China's life expectancy is in 70s?
The key is who will see the data? Mao Zedong in the world to promote China's life expectancy? Or do you think the Chinese in 70s care about life expectancy?. So Mao Zedong needs to make "data"?
China did almost nothing in 80s. 10 years of complete loss. and China's Maoists use the 80s inaction to attack Deng. oh, the only thing that China has opened up is the world arms market. China's arms exports began in the Iran-Iraq war, the Thailand-Vietnam War, and Saudi regional ambitions.
I am not really talking about intent and such, just that much more opaque process and data handling in the past means I don't hold the numbers from the period to be very credible (but of course there is some). All developing countries more or less suffer from this phenomenon esp in their first few decades as a modern nation state. I mean I criticize Bangladesh a lot for its high corruption and low institutional capacity with regards to its claimed data today....so I cannot treat China (or India for that matter) in an earlier period differently when they had the same phenomenon as well.
What we do know today is that both China and India have about (the same) average institutional capacity and corruption perception in world ranking metrics, thus its suffice to say China is more or less about 8 years higher life expectancy and various percentages of lower mortality among all age groups that correlate with that (i.e one would assume the existing lack of perfection in corruption and institutional strength affect both about the same, i.e about same shift from published data and exact reality). How both countries exactly got to those situations has only more generalised explanation (and somewhat mitigated by inheriting different society situations too) rather than specific data analysis given the nature of that time period before 1990s (when cold war ended and economic development means there is fundamental need to improve transparency and perception based verification to some threshold).
The more important point to me is that India is not stuck at certain X amount of life expectancy or X amount of human development but adding and even seems to be accelerating now (if you look at HDI, India added 44 points over 5 years from 2010 to 2015, a lot more than any other country in South Asia) . There is also enough success stories within parts (even large parts) of India that can be spread and applied to the areas that are lacking and holding back the average.