Now, read below to know nowhere in the wiki reporting there is a word on privately borrowed money. Are you stupid enough not to understand the difference?
Multilateral[edit]
Multilateral debt is the money India owes to international financial institutions such as the
Asian Development Bank (ADB), the
International Development Association (IDA), the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and others. Borrowing from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are not included under multilateral debt, and are instead classified separately under the IMF head. As on 31 March 2021, India had a total multilateral debt of $69.7 billion. The country's major creditors are the IDA, ADB, and IBRD. The IFAD and a few other multilateral creditors hold the remaining portion of the multilateral debt.
Bilateral[edit]
Bilateral debt is the money India owes to foreign governments. As on 31 March 2021, India had a total bilateral debt of $31.0 billion.
Currency composition[edit]
India's external debt is held in multiple currencies, the largest of which is the
United States dollar. As on 31 March 2020, 53.7% of the country's debt was held in U.S. dollars. The rest of the debt is held in
Indian rupees (31.9%),
Japanese yen (5.6%),
special drawing rights (4.5%),
Euros (3.5%) and other currencies (0.8%).
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Concerns and issues[edit]
Moody’s Investors Service upgraded India's government
bond rating from Baa3 to Baa2 on 16 November 2017. In the announcement, Moody’s noted that "greater expectation of a sizeable and sustained reduction in the general government debt burden, through increased government revenues combined with a reduction in expenditures, would put positive pressure on the rating."