"
Operation Polo, the code name of the Hyderabad "
Police Action"
[5][6] was a military operation in September 1948 in which the
Indian Armed Forces invaded the
State of Hyderabad and overthrew its
Nizam, annexing the state into the
Indian Union.
At the time of
Partition in 1947, the
princely states of India, who in principle had self-government within their own territories, were subject to
subsidiary alliances with the British, giving them control of their external relations. In the
Indian Independence Act 1947 the British abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the option of opting for full independence. However, by 1948 almost all had
acceded to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that of the wealthiest and most powerful principality, Hyderabad, where the Nizam,
Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII, a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army recruited from the Muslim aristocracy, known as the
Razakars.
[7]:224 The Nizam was also beset by the
Telangana uprising, which he was unable to subjugate.
[7]:224
The Indian government, anxious to avoid what it termed a
Balkanization of what had been the Indian Empire, was determined to effect the integration of Hyderabad into the new Indian Union.
[7]:223 Amidst atrocities by the Razakars, the Indian Home Minister
Sardar Pateldecided to annex Hyderabad
[8] in what was termed a "police action". The operation itself took five days, in which the Razakars and the Hyderabadi Military were defeated swiftly.
[3]
The operation led to massive violence on communal lines. The Indian prime minister
Jawaharlal Nehruappointed a commission known as the
Sunderlal Committee. Its report, which was not released until 2013, concluded that "as a conservative estimate...27,000 to 40,000 people had lost their lives during and after the police action."
[3] Other scholars have put the figure at 200,000, or even higher.
[4][9]:11""
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_integration_of_Hyderabad
Do i really need to tell you about occupation of J&K?