renhai
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The United States excels in using financial means to control other countries.I don't understand? How does US "force" anyone to buy US bonds? They offer an interest rate on a certain period length to hold them till maturity....then its up to the country/institution/individual if its worth it compared to other investment decisions on offer for their spare capacity (past consumption).
BD is in no position to buy (i.e essentially invest in) USD bonds in any meaningful way.
BD runs a large trade deficit with the world, so it has to keep its forex as relatively liquid as possible.
i.e BD situation is one where it wants the world to buy its bonds (in exchange for their USD or other world standard liquid forex)....rather than vice versa (which needs large spare capacity...and maybe we can have that conversation in 2050 onwards).
That situation wont change a long time as BD simply does not want to reform to bring in high levels of capital investment that say China did in 80s, 90s etc at its rough same stage in its development process.
i.e China is completely different scenario given its long term trade surplus and thus incentive to make higher return on what it holds (i.e essentially invest in US this way and keep that much USD outside of world circulation at same time to help lubricate its own economic model for as long as possible).
We all know. Both China and Bangladesh developed through manufacturing. But the United States is not. The United States relies on finance and the dollar. Do you know Japan's "Plaza Accord"?
So the United States has many means to force any country to purchase US bonds. Unless you are G2. Even the G7 must purchase US bonds.
Even if Bangladesh is fully industrialized in the future, Bangladesh will have enough gold reserve in the future, and the future Bangladeshi currency will get SDR... But if the United States forces Bangladesh to buy its debt. What does Bangladesh do?