As already said THERE is a huge difference between the number of publications and the quality of it.
When i worked in a lab, in Europe, there was :
Nature which is for recognition work. nature doesn't mean 100% quality of the work but more the recognition of the lab/scientists on their recognized work.
PRL was what we were all dreaming to have an article on it . we were always hoping successful work so we can get it.
Then you have the level just below.
And many many low level publications: everyone can publish in it. even i remember in another labs some people were doing same experiments that so many did but with very small difference ... like that they multiply the number of publications than they can get some money from the state.
everyone working in these labs know this.
what i mean is this is nothing to do with number of publications: the level of science in a country.
USA Japan and Europe will keep the best for a long time.
As it was showed with number of publications in Nature.
But Investing so much in science is a good step ! the next very important step is to make the best scientists come in China !
and give them everything to make them able to have better possibility for research than in USA.
but i guess it will take long time for this.