What's new

BATTLE OF BATAPUR 6 SEPTEMBER1965 -THE DEFENCE OF LAHORE

From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, By Farooq Bajwa
page 173-174
__________________________________________________________________________

Military planning by the Pakistani forces was meant to have ensured that all such major bridges were wired for demolition in the event of an Indian attack, but this bridge's demolition charges were not ready on 6 September. Pakistani sappers had begun work frantically up on news of the attack but Indian forces managed to get close to the bridge on the morning of 6 September when the explosive charges were not yet complete.The result was that the first demolition attempt failed to blow up the bridge, but it was rendered unfit for armoured crossing. In any event, the Indian troops were met by fierce shelling under the command of 114 Brigade and were said to have shown 'an inexplicably lathargic attitude to command'. 13 Punjab's performance was judged to have been 'depressing and deplorable' especially in comparison to the more daring moves of 3 Jat regiment (H. Singh, 91).

In this sector (Batapur), therefore, Riddle forces were now facing some determined defensive fighting by the defending 10 Division, and by the late afternoon the initial assault has resulted in the Indian troops not only being halted but also giving up some of the main gains of the offensive, including Dograi. The afternoon reverses seem to have dented the morale of the GOC 15 Infantry as Prasad reported at 1300 hours that 'his position was desperate on account of heavy casulties and no further offensive action was possible'. Harbaksh Singh says that he found this account hard to believe and so we went to see with his own eyes the military state of affairs on the fround, and concluded that the only thing seriously damaged was the will to fight of General Prasad. Harbaksh Singh said of Prasad that 'there was the unmistakable air of the defeatist about him'. but he decided to give Prasad an opportunity to pull himself together and redeem himself (H. Singh, 92).

Another attack was ordered on the afternoon of 6 September by the Indian 38 Infantry to capture the bridge near Bhasin - which, unknown to the Indian forces, had already been blown up by the Pakistani sappers. 38 Brigade began its move around 2030 hours, 6 September but was soon bogged down by accurate Pakistani artillery fire and took up defensive positions and was unable to advance at all. During the fighting 38 Brigade lost contact with the headquarters of 15 Division and so Prasad set out himself in the afternoon of 7 September to try and locate its whereabouts with a small group. Unfortunately for the hapless Prasad, Pakistani forces ambushed the team and not only captured twelve men and four jeeps but also, even more embarrasingly for the Indians, captured Prasad's briefcase and notebook and then broadcast the contents on Pakistan Radio (Chakravorty, 151).

_______________________________________________________

@senses
 
. .
It is just one of many, many battles where Pakistani forces were heavily outnumbered by indians, but yet emerged victorious without any massive air support and so on.

Pakistan's forces have defeated numberically superior indian forces in battles after battles after battles!

While indians can probably show three (or even less!) when they accomplished a similar feat..
It's actually other way around where u launched surprise attack and invasion and ended up defending Lahore...

Wow I really give you applause the way history been rewritten in Pakistan

Even discovery channel has recent documentary on 1965 how Pakistan with massive advanced weapons advantage over Indians finally endru do up defending Lahore. If the call was to conquer Pakistan and hold its advancement by now Pakistan could had different map. Say thanks ymto gratefulness of Indian politicians you are still intact. Replace India with China and see what could be the result

Only you take pride of one of the worst defeat in modern tank battle history. What a shame

Battle of Asal Uttar
Battle of Asal Uttar
आसल उत्ताड़ का युद्ध

Part of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Captured Pakistani tanks on display near Bhikhiwind, India
Date September 8–10, 1965
Location Asal Uttar (Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India)
Result Decisive Indian Victory.[1]
Belligerents

India
Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
Lt. Gen. Harbaksh Singh
Lt. Gen. JS Dhillon
Maj. Gen. Gurbaksh Singh
Lt Gen Hanut Singh Rathore
Maj. Gen. Nasir Ahmed Khan[2]

Brigadier A.R.Shami [3][4]
Strength
45 Centurion tanks,
45 M4 Sherman tanks,
8th Light Cavalry (45AMX-13 tanks)
4th Cavalry(44 Pattontanks)[2] 5th Horse (44 Patton tanks)[2]

6th Lancers (44 Patton tanks)[2]

24th Cavalry (44 Patton tanks)[2]

12th Cavalry (44 M24 Chaffee tanks)[2]

19th Lancers (44 Patton tanks)[2]
Casualties and losses
10 tanks destroyed or damaged[5] Over 99 tanks destroyed[6][7][8]
The Battle of Asal Uttar (Hindi : आसल उत्ताड़[a] ,Punjabi: ਆਸਲ ਉਤਾੜ[9]) was one of the largest tank battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It was fought from 8 to 10 September 1965, when the Pakistan Armythrust its tanks and infantry into Indianterritory, capturing the Indian town of Khem Karan 5 km from the International Border.[10]The Indian troops retaliated, and after three days of bitter fighting, the battle ended with the Pakistani forces being repulsed near Asal Uttar. Factors that contributed to this were the fierce fight put up by Indian army, conditions of the plains, better Indian tactics and a successful Indian strategy.[7][11]

This battle is compared with the Battle of Kursk in the second world war for how it changed the course of the India Pakistan war of 1965 in India's favour. War historians, including Dr. Philip Towle, regard the Indian resistance near Khem Karan as one of the key turning points of the war, one which tilted the balance of the war in favour of India.[8] Peter Wilson states[1] that the defeat of Pakistan Army in the battle of Asal Uttar was one of the greatest defeats suffered by Pakistan forces in the course of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965.[1]

What led to Defence of Lahore?

U invaded .... Ended up with defending Lahore... And that's a victory because u defended Lahore?

What is next taliban claiming victory just because they still alive?

Over 99 tanks destroyed and India lost only 10 tanks that too when u have superior tanks and weapons system that India. It was our courage won us war. Think about now we are far more superior than you can we ever will be in Ur modern history. Our capabilities are about to match and aimed to match at China. And you know China aims for US the Americans... Whee u will be in the next 20 years Pakistan? No where in the horizon. Reality will. Strike back once your kids are educated. How many lies you say they will get back at you with facts available in open source even today and in future
 
. .
Both of them are located in disputed territory.
India was one to violate International border, not Pakistan. It make India an aggressor, not Pakistan .........
I stand corrected

Grand Slam violated International Border- Hence the Indian reaction- you would notice even recently last year I think- When there was firing from your side on International border in Jammu area- India retaliated in Sialkot an International border-
 
.
It's actually other way around where u launched surprise attack and invasion and ended up defending Lahore...

Wow I really give you applause the way history been rewritten in Pakistan

Even discovery channel has recent documentary on 1965 how Pakistan with massive advanced weapons advantage over Indians finally endru do up defending Lahore. If the call was to conquer Pakistan and hold its advancement by now Pakistan could had different map. Say thanks ymto gratefulness of Indian politicians you are still intact. Replace India with China and see what could be the result

Only you take pride of one of the worst defeat in modern tank battle history. What a shame

Battle of Asal Uttar
Battle of Asal Uttar
आसल उत्ताड़ का युद्ध

Part of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Captured Pakistani tanks on display near Bhikhiwind, India
Date September 8–10, 1965
Location Asal Uttar (Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India)
Result Decisive Indian Victory.[1]
Belligerents

India
Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
Lt. Gen. Harbaksh Singh
Lt. Gen. JS Dhillon
Maj. Gen. Gurbaksh Singh
Lt Gen Hanut Singh Rathore
Maj. Gen. Nasir Ahmed Khan[2]

Brigadier A.R.Shami [3][4]
Strength
45 Centurion tanks,
45 M4 Sherman tanks,
8th Light Cavalry (45AMX-13 tanks)
4th Cavalry(44 Pattontanks)[2] 5th Horse (44 Patton tanks)[2]

6th Lancers (44 Patton tanks)[2]

24th Cavalry (44 Patton tanks)[2]

12th Cavalry (44 M24 Chaffee tanks)[2]

19th Lancers (44 Patton tanks)[2]
Casualties and losses
10 tanks destroyed or damaged[5] Over 99 tanks destroyed[6][7][8]
The Battle of Asal Uttar (Hindi : आसल उत्ताड़[a] ,Punjabi: ਆਸਲ ਉਤਾੜ[9]) was one of the largest tank battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It was fought from 8 to 10 September 1965, when the Pakistan Armythrust its tanks and infantry into Indianterritory, capturing the Indian town of Khem Karan 5 km from the International Border.[10]The Indian troops retaliated, and after three days of bitter fighting, the battle ended with the Pakistani forces being repulsed near Asal Uttar. Factors that contributed to this were the fierce fight put up by Indian army, conditions of the plains, better Indian tactics and a successful Indian strategy.[7][11]

This battle is compared with the Battle of Kursk in the second world war for how it changed the course of the India Pakistan war of 1965 in India's favour. War historians, including Dr. Philip Towle, regard the Indian resistance near Khem Karan as one of the key turning points of the war, one which tilted the balance of the war in favour of India.[8] Peter Wilson states[1] that the defeat of Pakistan Army in the battle of Asal Uttar was one of the greatest defeats suffered by Pakistan forces in the course of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965.[1]

What led to Defence of Lahore?

U invaded .... Ended up with defending Lahore... And that's a victory because u defended Lahore?

What is next taliban claiming victory just because they still alive?

Over 99 tanks destroyed and India lost only 10 tanks that too when u have superior tanks and weapons system that India. It was our courage won us war. Think about now we are far more superior than you can we ever will be in Ur modern history. Our capabilities are about to match and aimed to match at China. And you know China aims for US the Americans... Whee u will be in the next 20 years Pakistan? No where in the horizon. Reality will. Strike back once your kids are educated. How many lies you say they will get back at you with facts available in open source even today and in future

This battle is not related to Battle of Batapur or defence of Lahore in 1965.
1st armoured was tasked with a different mission unrelated to Lahore. Infact it was located some 50km south east of Lahore.

The role of armour in the battle for Lahore was limited . Indian armour was divided down to squadron level and played a negligible role on 6th and 7th September. In any case Indian Shermans were no match to Pakistan’s Pattons of which the 23 Cavalry held two squadrons.

The Pakistani tank/infantry counterattack on 8th September however produced a crisis of operational level in the Indian 15th Infantry Division. On 8th September as a result of Pakistani armour/infantry counterattack an Indian infantry brigade became so demoralised that two of its units simply abandoned their defences and bolted away leading to a situation where a fresh Indian infantry brigade was rushed to combat the situation as reinforcement.

However, the operational crisis had been caused in Indian 15th Infantry Division which seriously weakened the Indian resolve to capture Lahore.

This fact is well attested in "War Dispatches" of General Harbaksh Singh.

Grand Slam violated International Border- Hence the Indian reaction- you would notice even recently last year I think- When there was firing from your side on International border in Jammu area- India retaliated in Sialkot an International border-

The term Line of Control (LoC) refers to the military control line between the Indian and Pakistani controlled parts of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu—a line which, to this day, does not constitute a legally recognised international boundary but is a de-facto border.

International Border is the line that both countries and the rest of the world have agreed upon.

Pakistan advanced through LOC in Grand Slam in J&K but Indian attacked on International Border in Lahore.
 
.
The term Line of Control (LoC) refers to the military control line between the Indian and Pakistani controlled parts of the former princely state of Kashmir and Jammu—a line which, to this day, does not constitute a legally recognised international boundary but is a de-facto border.

International Border is the line that both countries and the rest of the world have agreed upon.

Pakistan advanced through LOC in Grand Slam in J&K but Indian attacked on International Border in Lahore.

Line of Control which defined on the cease fire line is agreed upon India and Pakistan as per Karachi Agreement of 1949-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Agreement

According to this Akhnoor in Jammu Sector lies south of where the LC begins- And hence invasion of this part is considered as a breach of International Border-
 
.
Line of Control which defined on the cease fire line is agreed upon India and Pakistan as per Karachi Agreement of 1949-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi_Agreement

According to this Akhnoor in Jammu Sector lies south of where the LC begins- And hence invasion of this part is considered as a breach of International Border-

Pakistan Armed forces did not cross the international border with aim to reach Akhnur, they crossed at LOC at Chamb.
 
.
Grand Slam violated International Border- Hence the Indian reaction- you would notice even recently last year I think- When there was firing from your side on International border in Jammu area- India retaliated in Sialkot an International border-
Grandslam did not violate international border.......
 
.
No, I have not and I never claimed I did. There is only one measure in my book. Stark but real. Re-sults. I am not a medical man, I am not a accountant, I am not a builder. but if the patient dies, the businessman pays more tax, the building falls down. What does that say? Re-sults?


I am not interested in the politics of this - whether Nawaz knew or not knew. That debate will go on for eternity with both sides chucking mud at each other. I care not crap about both.

I do care though about the ordinary "grunt" who never came back to his family or people like Capt. Sher Khan who died fighting for what? Even if they had managed to hold off the Indian's and blocked off the supply route to Ladakh what would have happened? Another repeat of 1965. A massive Indian attack on the Lahore front. Replay of history?

I mean tell me - mother of god. sorry don't tell me. Tell to the mothers of the dead men why they did not get any support from Pakistan Airforce? Where the hell was PAF? Tell me why infantrymen, brave infantrymen were on top of hills without any air support?

Which animal would send his men to battle without air support? It is abc of modeern warfare that you need air suppport. What would you say to the mothers of the dead if they asked you:-

1. Why my son had no air support?
2. Why my son had no artillery support?
3. Why my son had deficiency of supplies?

I could not possibly look at those mothers and answer without dropping my head in shame. Think about that? Whose fault was that? COAS? The PM? The Chief Justice? The IG of Police?

And please don't talk like I am supporter of Nawaz.

My whole family has served in PA even I myself is not ignorant of Military affairs as still having some relatives there. The whole points given by me to differ your point that PA has no better criteria for promotion and their generals are incompetent.

Which is not so as I have given some glimpses about training institutes and invited you to search for Musharraf;s background regarding you remarks that he was incompetent/security guard.

People in Pak join military voluntarily and scarcity of resources is there since day one. You perhaps forget that Azad Kasmir was liberated by joint efforts of Kashmiri Mujahdeen and PA, even at that time in 1948 the IA was much better equipped yet it is very important for victory that military and political leadership is on one page.

The people should know that their son and daughter may lose his/her life very easily with out no result. Many soldiers in hilly areas face fatal accidents due to their old vehicles and now facing ambushes due to use of ordinary trucks/ hilux dalas for transportation. We still not have appropriate SAM network to protect all cities from Air/missile attacks.

In kargil you were going for a limited war to push India for resolution of Kasmir issue. The PA was not alone their hundreds of kashmiri mujahdeen were also martyred there.They had Manpads like Anza and Stinger which were at best available in PA arsenal. Further PAF was not allowed to take part in order to keep this conflict limited.

On the other hand or AF was not and is ready so far to play any offensive role. Our best fighter jet at that time F16 had limited capabilities i.e without MLU and BVR missiles. We were facing shortage of spares required to keep them running due to US embargo. Reportedly our Mirage jets had some limited BVR capability with some SA missiles, but my arguments always remain there that these Mirages are useless in any conflict as they are having old tech and can't maneuver like new jets.

The main cause of loses in last stage was due to pull back orders given to PA by Govt meanwhile Indians got satellite imagery of PA positions on heights. Further Indians got free ammo for bofors from SA. There Mirage 2000s were equipped with laser guided bombs dropped from high altitudes out of PA Manpads.

India is three times bigger than Pak they will ever have an edge over Pak yet nations don't surrender due to scarcity of resources and we should do all efforts to help kashmiris and their freedom struggle. Off course in future Army should be ready to offer more sacrifices.
 
.
The last letter

Shemeem Burney Abbas revisits her husband’s final message, written before he died in 1965 – a soldier’s indictment of Operation Gibraltar

tft092016-b-r-600x398.jpg

Shemeem Abbas, the author, now lives and works in the United States



For fifty years, I believed that my husband had gone missing or was still a prisoner in an Indian jail, as we never got his body back. It was not until April, last year in 2015, that I accidently found a folder of my late husband’s letters – close to one hundred of which that he had written to me during our three-year relationship, mainly through correspondence. The uppermost letter in the folder was the one that he wrote last, before he crossed the Line of Control into Indian Kashmir in July, 1965. The eight-page letter, painful as it is, also tells me what his mission was and where he was going. I had obliterated all details of the letter from memory, as I never reread it. This last letter and the others had travelled with me across the continents for fifty years wherever I studied or worked but I never reread them. I was angry with my husband for abandoning my daughter and I, especially as I did not want to have a child right away in our marriage and even more because he knew about the secret mission that he would be assigned to, in Kashmir. He never told me anything about it all.

I write this article as a prelude to a larger memoir project that I am working on, about Operation Gibraltar. During the course of this operation, my husband Captain Nisar Ahmed was killed in Indian-held Kashmir on August 13, 1965.

tft092016-b-k.jpg

A childhood photograph of the author’s daughter, Iram

Captain Nisar Ahmed, my husband, is a national hero in Pakistan

My narrative develops from my husband’s death in Indian Kashmir: an event that completely transformed my life over the last fifty years, and which eventually resulted in a life in exile in the United States for the past sixteen years. Captain Nisar Ahmed, my husband, is a national hero in Pakistan. He was assigned to lead Operation Gibraltar, a guerilla action in Indian Kashmir. This is a disputed region between Pakistan and India since the British partitioned the Indian Subcontinent in 1947. The Pakistani military, to this day, has not owned up to Operation Gibraltar. As a result, I did not know exactly where my husband was killed and buried. For fifty years, part of me believed that he was missing in action or that perhaps he might even be alive in an Indian prison. I had no closure on my husband’s death.

In order to deal with the trauma of my husband’s death and the pregnancy that I was dealing with, I turned the switch off – on any memory of our short-lived marriage. So great was my grief. So great was my anger. However, with support from my family and friends, I rebuilt my life fast. Within weeks of widowhood I applied for a British Commonwealth Scholarship to study for a master’s degree in England. I did indeed get one from the University of Leeds. Within three years of my widowhood I was on the path to a successful career as an educator in Pakistan and in international settings. Eventually, I also obtained a PhD in applied linguistics from the University of Texas at Austin. That further enhanced my opportunities in life, together with my daughter, who is now a successful certified public accountant and works for a Fortune 500 company in the U.S.

tft092016-b-l.jpg

A Pakistani soldier coordinates with Indian troops in the process of recovering dead bodies, 1965

Nevertheless, I did not let go of the anger toward my husband: despite the fortunate educational opportunities and a cutting-edge international career, the ride was bumpy. I had to deal with the militaristic Pakistani establishment and a society directed by patriarchs, foremost among whom were members of my own family. In 1999, I left Pakistan to go into exile in the United States because of a blasphemy fatwa against me by the state establishment there.

The discovery of my husband’s letters in spring 2015 enabled me to let go of my anger, as he too seemed a victim of his circumstances. In his last letter, he says:

All this time I have hidden certain facts of my work – although you would have had your guesses and fears about it. But there was nothing certain about it for me to tell. Today when you read this letter I will be far beyond the reach of time and space, for I have told them that this letter should be posted to you only upon my death; along with the official intimation. But do not worry love I am just round the same corner of life picking up the straws of my spiritual happiness so that I may build a cozy little haven for us two – a love nest. For then we shall never separate ‘no moments of decision and indecision’. This final bond will be unshakeable.

My love, on the 3rd of Jun[e, 19]65 I was assigned to HQ 12 Div on a special duty i.e. to org and conduct the trg of certain Azad Kashmir soldiers and DAFA-MUJAHIDS. Later I came to know that I am under a new HQ set up for this purpose i.e. HQ L of C Sub Area Murree and that I will be required to go into Indian Held Kashmir on a msn to conduct cdo actions and organise Guerilla Warfare with the help of the local there.

On 11 July 65, the President of Pakistan gave his consent to this plan of operation i.e, our force shall infiltrate behind enemy lines into the SRINAGAR ad surrounding vallies [sic[ and carryout cdo tasks initially and then organise the locals for Guerilla Warfare.

We received our final briefing on the ni and with it our action commenced on the night 29/30 Jul 65. However, the night for the Raid on targets was appointed on the 7/8 night. The area I was assigned was GULMARG and PATTAN where Brigade Headquarters were located.

Although the plan is not entirely according to the principles of an unconventional operation. Because this type of warfare has political implications and should never be started according to the conventional military concepts of concentration of deployment in the Force. The whole force becomes too vulnerable as it offers an excellent target to enemies counter action. These types of wars are very expensive and begin with a basic covert cell, that expands in size and activity first in a cellular form then when the enemies resistance wears out it assumes an overt military shape and maneuver. Knowledge of enemies moves and actions is of utmost importance to such a force and equally so is the denial of its own knowledge/information to the enemy. In our case we failed to acquire the first and did every conceivable thing to ignore the latter.

[…]I wish you every happiness and love that I wanted to give […] God bless and farewell. […]We shall meet again beyond the threshold of life – beyond all conflicts of time, wars, prejudices, vanity, jealousy, hatred, sense of right and wrongs; everything that man thinks is important to his worldly existence or name.

tft092016-b-s.jpg

Wedding photo of the author and her husband Captain Nisar

Rereading the letters after fifty years was cathartic. Within weeks of reading the quintessential last letter that my husband Captain Nisar Ahmed wrote, I was researching at the archives of my alma mater, the University of Texas at Austin. During the course of my subsequent research, I found, among other things, the following:

  1. A memoir written in Urdu by a commando officer who survived Operation Gibraltar. The officer, a commando by the name of Alamgir, writes a field diary of Operation Gibraltar and gives details of my husband’s participation in the mission, how he was killed and where he is buried: in village Khag in Kashmir. This is the only reliable account of my husband’s death and burial. Commando Alamgir’s memoir/field diary gives significant details about the mismanagement of the operation and the political realities of the Kashmiri people, who never wanted a Pakistani intervention. The memoir further describes my husband’s talents that I never knew about: that he was a masterful tarot reader, as well as a singer. I hardly knew the man, as ours was a romance based on letters.
  2. Declassified CIA documents in the Lyndon B. Johnson Archive in Austin that point to the role of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto – at that time in 1965, the Foreign Minister of Pakistan – and at whose behest Operation Gibraltar was undertaken. It was Bhutto who persuaded Field Marshal Ayub Khan and the Pakistani generals to capture Indian Kashmir. Operation Gibraltar was the Pakistan army’s Bay of Pigs. Later General Zia-ul-Haq executed Bhutto when the latter was an elected Prime Minister. General Zia-ul-Haq led the successful U.S. intervention against the Soviets in Afghanistan in 1978.
Furthermore, I have created a photo archive from personal, official and internet sources, of Captain Nisar Ahmed – in the larger historical context of Pakistan’s Special Services Group in

Cherat. I have conducted personal interviews with family members and friends in the U.S. and

in Pakistan to inform me of what happened immediately when news of my husband’s death was conveyed. I was asleep that night when hell broke loose. My family told me the next morning.

tft092016-b-o.jpg

Pakistani armour, accompanied by infantry, advances in a cloud of dust


For fifty years, I thought he was missing in action or alive in an Indian prison

My research, in which my students at SUNY Purchase sincerely participated with me, gives great insights into the role of the Pakistan military in Kashmir. American aid given to the army for the Cold War against the Soviets was used to make inroads into Indian Kashmir. Pakistan’s elite commando unit – that the U.S. set up in Cherat, Pakistan – bordered Central Asia. This then enabled the U.S to keep an eye on the Soviets and Communist China. These Special Services Group units were further used in early 1978 to train the mujahideen (some of whom were precursors of the Taliban) when the U.S. was engaged in the region, to oust the Soviets from Afghanistan. The Pakistan Army under Zia-ul-Haq acted as a U.S. proxy. Badaber, the U.S. air force facility from which Gary Powers’ U-2 plane took off in 1960 – and was shot down during a reconnaissance mission over the Soviet Union during Nikita Krushchev’s premiership – was used as a prison by the mujahideen to hold opponents during the Afghan war in the 1980s.

tft092016-b-m.jpg

Ayub Khan announces open hostilities between Pakistan and India, September 1965

tft092016-b-q.jpg

Pakistani troops on the frontline, 1965

tft092016-b-t.jpg

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto went on to reap great political rewards from his hawkish stance in the 1965 war

Commando Alamgir’s diary details the mismanagement of the operation and the political realities of Kashmir

Additionally, I got insights into the nuclearisation of South Asia and the current U.S. engagement with the Taliban. All this fits into the Great Game in Central Asia where the key players now are Russia, the U.S., Great Britain, China, Saudi Arabia, Iran and India. Pakistan is a frontline proxy state in the game. As a result, my narrative further addresses Great Game theory. It is valuable for military studies, strategic studies and international relations with a focus on South Asia. Principally, it deals with American foreign policy. Thus, the larger narrative that I’m working on is also about the geography of religion as well as a text on postcolonial governance and sustainability. I try to address issues of gender, human rights and citizenship rights in postcolonial states like Pakistan, India and Kashmir.

Ultimately, though, my narrative is primarily a woman’s perspective of a militarized, postcolonial state – where the personal interfaces with the international.

Shemeem Burney Abbas is currently Associate Professor of Political Science, Gender Studies and Literature at The State University of New York at Purchase. She is the author of Pakistan’s Blasphemy Laws: From Islamic Empires to the Taliban and The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India

 
.
flourishing :lol:
Terroritory I though your diplomats never stop crying in front of UN that your nation
Victim of terrorism every year

Only in the heads of Indians will you get such naive statements. Also, our nation doesn't have a toilet issue like India.
 
.
Only in the heads of Indians will you get such naive statements. Also, our nation doesn't have a toilet issue like India.
Still Better pakistan Which No 1 hub For Watching Animal P.o.r.n
 
. . .

Latest posts

Pakistan Defence Latest Posts

Back
Top Bottom