Balochistan

[UnKnOwN]

After reading some biased articles, I'm wondering how did we really acquire Baluchistan? Was it through force or did they choose to become part of Pakistan?

 

[roadrunner]

Balochistan always has been part of the Indus Valley. What sort of biased articles did you read?

 

[Always Neutral]

http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/New%20Folder/home.htm


I thought the Durand line ensured Balochistan will be a part of Pakistan ? Here is the article you need to read.

Best Regards

 

[Spring Onion]

Welcome to Balochistan


I thought the Durand line ensured Balochistan will be a part of Pakistan ? Here is the article you need to read.

Best Regards

Durand Line and Balochistan

 

[Always Neutral]

Durand Line and Balochistan

Was the website i posted wrong ? Its the official website from the Pakistan Govt ?

 

[Always Neutral]

Durand Line and Balochistan

Dear Jana,

Please read below and let me know why you are laughing ?

Regards

The Durand Line is the term for the poorly marked 2,640 kilometer (1,610 mile) border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

After reaching a virtual stalemate in two wars against the Afghans (see Great Game, First Anglo-Afghan War and European influence in Afghanistan), the British forced Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan in 1893 to come to an agreement under duress to demarcate the border between Afghanistan and what was then British India (now North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (F.A.T.A.) and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan).

The Durand Line is named after Sir Mortimer Durand, the foreign secretary of the British Indian government, and the treaty also granted the Amir of Afghanistan (Abdur Rahman Khan) an annual salary from Britain along with shipments of weaponry. One of the two representatives of the Government of Afghanistan was the Ahmadi Sahibzada Abdul Latif of Khost.

The Durand Line is sometimes referred to as the "Zero Line". Excluding the desert portion southwest of 66 degrees 15 minutes east longitude, 84% of the line follows clear physical features (rivers or watershed divides). The precise route of the remaining 16% straight line segments is also demarcated from the 1894-95 demarcation reports and subsequent mapping such as the detailed (1:50,000 scale) Russian maps of the 1980s.

 

[Spring Onion]

Durand line has nothing to do with Balochistan rather it is linked to my province NWFP.

 

[Always Neutral]

Durand line has nothing to do with Balochistan rather it is linked to my province NWFP.

After reaching a virtual stalemate in two wars against the Afghans (see Great Game, First Anglo-Afghan War and European influence in Afghanistan), the British forced Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan in 1893 to come to an agreement under duress to demarcate the border between Afghanistan and what was then British India (now North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (F.A.T.A.) and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan).

Care to clarify the above.

Regards

 

[Spring Onion]

After reaching a virtual stalemate in two wars against the Afghans (see Great Game, First Anglo-Afghan War and European influence in Afghanistan), the British forced Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan in 1893 to come to an agreement under duress to demarcate the border between Afghanistan and what was then British India (now North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (F.A.T.A.) and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan).

Care to clarify the above.

Regards

Punjab and Sindh were also British India at that time.

there was nothing in Duran Line agreement on Balochistan.

but let me back 2mrw with solid arguments with stuff till than

 

[rana]

Balochistan was not a province at that time.
according to the 3 june 1947 progarm The grand jirga and members of Quetta muncipality had to decide either join Pakistan or India. they Decided to join Pakistan.

 

[Always Neutral]

Balochistan was not a province at that time.
according to the 3 june 1947 progarm The grand jirga and members of Quetta muncipality had to decide either join Pakistan or India. they Decided to join Pakistan.

No one is doubting whether Balochistan is a part of pakistan but whether Durand Line touches it or not.

 

[UnitedPak]

I have heard Afghan nationalists say that they want Nwfp and Baluchistan "back". I never quite understood it. Whats the issue here? But the Afghans who want this usually hate Pakistani Punjabis with a passion, so I have never really been able to have a serious debate with them.

More importantly, whats the Pathan view on this? The Afghans I spoke to dont really consider anyone else having a say in this matter.

 

[Neo]

Balochistan was not a province at that time.
according to the 3 june 1947 progarm The grand jirga and members of Quetta muncipality had to decide either join Pakistan or India. they Decided to join Pakistan.

True but with the exception of Khanate of Kalat which was taken forcefully after she declared indepandance in 1947.

KHANATE OF KALAT​

Baluchistan Province, States of Baluchistan
19 Gun Salute
Area: 141,673 sq.km

Traversed by the armies of Alexander the Great, occupied by the Arabs, Afghans and Persians, conducting its foreign trade through Omani-held port of Gwadar, Kalat, together with its vassal states of Kharan, Makran and Lasbela entered the modern era by the way of contacts with Britishers of various quality. The political connection of the British with Kalat commences from the outbreak of the First Afghan War in 1839, when this area was traversed by a British army from Sind and afterwards occupied.

In the British attack on Kalat in 1840, Mir Mehrak Khan, the ruler, was killed. His son, Mir Nasir Khan II was later raised to the masnad by the tribesmen and regained possession of Kalat. In 1842, consequent upon the British withdrawal from Afghanistan, the occupied districts were returned to the Khan of Kalat. The British negotiated with the Kalat State in 1854 and according to the terms of the treaty, British political agents were deputed to Kalat during the next twenty years. In 1874 Sir Robert Sandeman was sent to Baluchistan whose policy was one of conciliatory intervention, tempered with lucrative employment and light taxation. Shortly afterwards he was able to conclude with Khan Khudardad Khan of Kalat the treaty of 1876, which brought Kalat under the British sovereignty and provided stronger political control.

To consolidate the territorial extension already made, Baluchistan was made a separate agency under an agent to the Governor General. At the end of the Second Afghan War by the treaty of Gandamak (May,1879), Oishin, Sibi, Harani and Thal-Chotiali were ceded by Amir Yaqub Khan of Kabul to the British Government. During the succeeding years, expeditions were led against the Lalars of Zhob and Bori and the chiefs of Sirhani and those areas were occupied. In 1887, all these areas were declared to be the British territory. In 1883, the Quetta Niabat (presently Quetta Tehsil) and the Bolan Pass were permanently taken on lease by the British from Kalat State.

In 1899, Nushki and in 1903, the area irrigated by the Sind canals, known as the Nasirabad Subdivision was similarly acquired from the Kalat State on a perpetual lease. In 1940, the relation between the Kalat Khanate and the Chiefdom of Kharan became strained there were clashes between them in Warjak and Khudabadam villages. The British authorities intervened and the settlement was affected under which Kharan, Makran and Lasbela were recognized as a separate minor states under the direct control of the British Political Agent.

In 1948, Kalat State formally ( but not entirely voluntarily) acceded to Pakistan and became part of the Baluchistan States Union. Two days before Pakistan declaration of statehood, the Khan (Beglar Begi Mir Sir Ahmad Yar Khan) declared the independence of Kalat, but offered to negotiate a special relationship with Pakistan. Other Baluchi chiefs (sardars) also expressed their preference for a separate identity.

Pakistan took military action against them and the Khan, and brought about their accession by force. For many years afterwards the resistance continue under the leadership of the last khan's brother, Mir Abdul Karim.

Kalat (Baluchistan) - Indian Princely State

 

[Neo]

The Baloch have a long history of struggle against 'impositions' by the Pakistani state. Their history, however, pre-dates the formation of Pakistan. The Baloch lay claim to a history reaching back 2000 years. In the 12th century, Mir Jalal Khan united 44 Baloch tribes; in the 15th century the Confederation of Rind Laskhari was established and the Khanate of Balochistan in the 17th.

During the British Raj, Britain annexed a strip of land adjoining Afghanistan (“British Balochistan”) but beyond that did not interfere in the affairs of Balochistan so long as the Baloch allowed the British Army access to Afghanistan. The Baloch campaigned for independence during the final decades of the British Raj but were compelled to join Pakistan in 1947.

The government in Islamabad sought to subsume Baloch identity into a larger Pakistani identity. Part of its strategy was an attempt to destroy the power of the tribal chiefs and concentrate all authority in the central government. This strategy continues to this day. Even the first two constitutions of Pakistan did not recognise the Baloch as a distinct group.

 

[Neo]

Since independence, Islamabad has come into open conflict with the Baloch on four occasions — 1948, 1958, 1962, and, most bloodily, from 1973 to 1977, when a growing guerrilla movement led to an armed insurrection that ravaged the province.

Within 24 hours of the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the Khan of Kalat (the largest “princely state” in Balochistan) declared independence. On April 1, 1948, the Pakistani army invaded and the Khan capitulated. His brother, Karim, continued to resist with around 700 guerrillas but was soon crushed.

Islamabad merged the four provinces of West Pakistan into “One Unit” in 1954. This was a bid to counter the strength of East Pakistan (which later became Bangladesh) and the possibility of the minority provinces (Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh) uniting with the east against the Punjab. A large anti-One Unit movement emerged in Balochistan.

To crush this movement the Pakistan army again invaded. The Khan of Kalat was arrested and large-scale arrests were carried out. Nauroz Khan led a resistance of 1000 militia that fought the army in pitched battles for over a year. In May 1959 Nauroz Khan was arrested at a parley with the army and died in prison in 1964, becoming a symbol of Baloch resistance. Five of his relatives, including his son, were hanged.

Following a 1973 visit of President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to Iran, where the Shah warned him against allowing nationalist movements on Iran’s border, the elected government of Balochistan was dismissed. The provincial government, led by Sardar Ataulah Mengal, had been seeking greater control in areas of development and industrialisation. The pretext used for dismissal was that a cache of 350 Soviet submachine guns and 100,000 rounds of ammunition had supposedly been discovered in the Iraqi attache’s house and were destined for Balochistan.

The Pakistani army invaded Balochistan with 78,000 troops supported by Iranian Cobra helicopters and were resisted by some 50,000 tribespeople. The conflict took the lives of 3300 Pakistani troops, 5300 tribespeople and thousands of civilians. In 1977 the military staged a coup and overthrew Bhutto, declared “victory” in Balochistan and withdrew.