Afghan Invaders and Waris Shah

[Shabaz Sharif]

Mughals were not bothered about pashtun population on west side of indus. Their concern was pashtuns in india who were threat to their throne and could repeat sher shah suri episode. So pashtuns were monitored, they were not allowed to settle on east side of indus. River indus was boundry of india. And i didnt say that mughals exterminate pashtuns in india through genocide. Pashtuns in india got dwindled through wars and assimilations. In 18th century, nadir shah and ahmad shah invasions, favoured the empowered the settlement of pashtuns in india.

Yaar bring some credible sources of supposed mass genocide of pashtuns in the hands of Mughals. To the point that not a single pathan land owner was left in central punjab.

 

[Marwat Khan Lodhi]

Yaar bring some credible sources of supposed mass genocide of pashtuns in the hands of Mughals. To the point that not a single pathan land owner was left in central punjab.

Read my posts again. Where did i say genocide of pashtuns was committed?, they were simply removed from power and their jagirs and lands were snatched from them in punjab. Thats what happens when you lose in a game of thrones. Mughals and pashtuns were very bitter enemies in first two centuries. Mughals didnt allow any pashtuns to grow strength and take roots any where in hindostan, where their rule was established. Only few Afghan families were part of mughal nobility. East punjab, central punjab, potohar and multan, all these areas had once strong presence of various pashtun rulers. Demographics is never constant, dont be surprised that there are no pathan nawabs , jagirdars etc in central punjab today. There are no pathans in pathankot either.

 

[ghoul]

Read my posts again. Where did i say genocide of pashtuns was committed?, they were simply removed from power and their jagirs and lands were snatched from them in punjab. Thats what happens when you lose in a game of thrones. Mughals and pashtuns were very bitter enemies in first two centuries. Mughals didnt allow any pashtuns to grow strength and take roots any where in hindostan, where their rule was established. Only few Afghan families were part of mughal nobility. East punjab, central punjab, potohar and multan, all these areas had once strong presence of various pashtun rulers. Demographics is never constant, dont be surprised that there are no pathan nawabs , jagirdars etc in central punjab today. There are no pathans in pathankot either.

Pashtun landowners were confined to Lahore regions in Punjab. There was no Pashtun landowner in Potohar ever in its history. Potoharis have remained independent for the most part of their history. After the collapse of Hindu Shahis, who were most probably Potoharis, the whole region got overran by Janjuas, Gakhars and Khokhars. Though, today Khokhar is a small minority in Potohar. The Gakhars of Potohar were renowned throughout the sub-continent for offering asylum to anyone in need. Potohar had it's own currency even in the Mughal era, and the local resources remained under the control of locals, who had to pay a salt tax. After mughal collapse, the Gakhar chieftain Sultan Muqarrab even defeated some Pakhtun incursions. He defeated Yusufzais in Hazara and Jang Kuli Khan Khattak in Attock.

Before mughal rule, Punjab was an unruly hinterland with most tribes being nomadic tribes. Tribes such as Wattoos and Kharals were nomads as far up until 18th century. Nawab Mustafa Khar is a Kharral. Throughout the Delhi sultanate, the Khokhars terrorized the Punjabi countryside. After the anarchy of mughal collapse, Pashtun incursion into Punjab were stopped by the warrior tribes who are settled along the Sindh Sagar doab. In Attock and Chakwal, the Gakhars, Maliks and Ghebas were settled, who are all warriors. The Ghebas of Kot Fateh Khan particularly had, and have, literally hundreds of horses. Sargodha, Bhakkar, Layyah and Muzaffargarh were under the control of Tiwanas, Sials and Khokhars. The Tiwana chiefs were particularly well known. About Sher Khan Tiwana, Lepel.H.Griffin said that every morning, he use to go "awan hunting". He had a rivalry with the Awans of Khushab. "Where ordinary men would go to hunt patridges, Sher Khan Tiwana would go and hunt awan tribesmen". Sher Khan's son, Fateh Khan, was even more reckless than him. Read about him. He was planning to invade Lakki Marwat even, but Sikhs didn't let him.

As for Abdali. Well, Afghans have always enjoyed a devilish reputation throughout Punjab and Sindh. There was a saying in Punjab; "never trust a snake and an Afghan". The most probable reason for this dislike was probably the fact that they served as mercenary soldiers under delhi sultanates, and are generally thought to be extremely cruel, untrustworthy and criminal. Kidnapping of traders for ransom was the main "Afghan industry" in those days. Abdali's men also looted Lahore and the local farmers. So maybe that's why Waris Shah hated them. Waris Shah was a sufi malang, and Sufi malangs preached religious harmony between Sikhs, muslims and Hindhus. Even if Abdali's men massacred sikh farmers for their crops, I'm sure the normal Punjabis wouldn't have approved of it. And his men were said to have terrorized poor Punjabi farmers regardless of religion. Also his rule in Kashmir was extremely oppressive, and the Afghan governors were known to perv after local women and killings of grooms on weddings was all so common. Read east India company reports about them. The word must have reached Punjabis, so that would have certainly turned the public opinion against them. And Abdali did help the Punjab muslim chieftains, and wasn't too bad himself, but his men and descendants were tyrants who preyed on the weak.

PS: Khatri kidnapping was a well known Afghan industry back then.

 

[Marwat Khan Lodhi]

@haj9211
How correct is this article Fateh Khan Tiwana - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
@Shahmir kashmir, @Shabaz Sharif, @haj9211 o.k i agree there might not be pashtun settlement and rule jagirs in much of central punjab and potohar. But rest of punjab has history of pashtun rule and settlements. Following are the districts where pashtuns established themeselves as landowner and ruling class
1.Mianwali - Colonization by Niazis in 16th century.
2.Attock - Different waves of settlements, finally establishing themeselves in attock tehsil.
3- Multan- First pashtun rule was established by lodhis in 961 A.D who embraced ismaeli faith. Afghan langah tribe ruled multan for 80 years after invasion of amir timur. And in the final phase, settlement of khogiani/khakwani, durrani and other pashtun tribes as landowner class.
5- Kasur, was a powerful colony of kheshgi and zamand pathans, untill destroyed by ranjeet singh.
6- Malerkotla, princely state ruled by sherwani pashtuns.
7- Jalandar, had sizable pashtun land owner class
8- Firozpur- jagir of mamdot
9- Muzafargarh, extention of pathans from multan.
9- bhakkar
10- pathankot
11- Dera ghazi khan
12- ludhiana
13- sirhind

 

[ghoul]

@haj9211
How correct is this article Fateh Khan Tiwana - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
@Shahmir kashmir, @Shabaz Sharif, @haj9211 o.k i agree there might not be pashtun settlement and rule jagirs in much of central punjab and potohar. But rest of punjab has history of pashtun rule and settlements. Following are the districts where pashtuns established themeselves as landowner and ruling class
1.Mianwali - Colonization by Niazis in 16th century.
2.Attock - Different waves of settlements, finally establishing themeselves in attock tehsil.
3- Multan- First pashtun rule was established by lodhis in 961 A.D who embraced ismaeli faith. Afghan langah tribe ruled multan for 80 years after invasion of amir timur. And in the final phase, settlement of khogiani/khakwani, durrani and other pashtun tribes as landowner class.
5- Kasur, was a powerful colony of kheshgi and zamand pathans, untill destroyed by ranjeet singh.
6- Malerkotla, princely state ruled by sherwani pashtuns.
7- Jalandar, had sizable pashtun land owner class
8- Firozpur- jagir of mamdot
9- Muzafargarh, extention of pathans from multan.
9- bhakkar
10- pathankot
11- Dera ghazi khan
12- ludhiana
13- sirhind

Niazis were never rulers or Jagirdars. They were never allowed to cross the Indus river by Gakhars at first, and then the Awans. Mianwali is a Punjabi-Pakhtun mixed district, with areas east of Indus being Potohari Awan areas and the west being Seraiki Niazi areas. Isa Khel is the Niazi headquarters, but of course, you'll find Niazis all over the place nowadays. As for Attock, most hindko pathans of Attock live in Chach ellaqa. They are fairly recent migrants, and are said to have migrated around 100-150 years ago during the peace and order of British rule. But even in Chach ellaqa, the socially dominant class is that of Malik Awans, whose capital Shamsabad exists there. Shamsabad is said to be the headquarter of Awan tribe, and it's chief family are big landlords who send their kids to aitchison etc. Rest of the Attock district is purely Potohari. The only pathan jagirdar in Attock is the Khan of Makhad, whose property exists on river Indus.

And read: The Panjab chiefs: historical and biographical notices of the ..., Volume 2 page 279. Tiwanas were one of the first tribes to get "martial race" distinction.

 

[Multani]

Tera dimagh kaam nahi kar raha.
1- First wave of mingration of pashtuns to hindostan occured in ghaznavid era, that dwindled
2- Second wave of pashtun migration to india occured during ghurid and khilji eras, that also dwindles.
3- Third wave of pashtun migration to india occured during lodhi period, it also dwindled.
4- fourth and final wave of migration to india occured in 18th century, after decline of mughal tribe, predominantly of yousafzai/rohilla tribe. They didnt dwindle and their descendents with settlements are present in various parts of india.


Do you love orange juice?

No where Pashtuns dwindled. Just because they lost their cultural names and assimilated heavily does not mean all of them dwindled. They are still there. There were Pashtun migrations during Mughal times but you don't like to post about them because of your continuous deliberate hypothesizing. And what is a rohilla tribe?

Rohillas are Pashtun of different tribes and yusufzai is not the predominant tribe anywhere.

@haj9211
How correct is this article Fateh Khan Tiwana - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
@Shahmir kashmir, @Shabaz Sharif, @haj9211 o.k i agree there might not be pashtun settlement and rule jagirs in much of central punjab and potohar. But rest of punjab has history of pashtun rule and settlements. Following are the districts where pashtuns established themeselves as landowner and ruling class
1.Mianwali - Colonization by Niazis in 16th century.
2.Attock - Different waves of settlements, finally establishing themeselves in attock tehsil.
3- Multan- First pashtun rule was established by lodhis in 961 A.D who embraced ismaeli faith. Afghan langah tribe ruled multan for 80 years after invasion of amir timur. And in the final phase, settlement of khogiani/khakwani, durrani and other pashtun tribes as landowner class.
5- Kasur, was a powerful colony of kheshgi and zamand pathans, untill destroyed by ranjeet singh.
6- Malerkotla, princely state ruled by sherwani pashtuns.
7- Jalandar, had sizable pashtun land owner class
8- Firozpur- jagir of mamdot
9- Muzafargarh, extention of pathans from multan.
9- bhakkar
10- pathankot
11- Dera ghazi khan
12- ludhiana
13- sirhind

Pashtuns have always settled in Central Punjab and Potohar.

 

[Marwat Khan Lodhi]

No where Pashtuns dwindled. Just because they lost their cultural names and assimilated heavily does not mean all of them dwindled. They are still there. There were Pashtun migrations during Mughal times but you don't like to post about them because of your continuous deliberate hypothesizing. And what is a rohilla tribe?

Rohillas are Pashtun of different tribes and yusufzai is not the predominant tribe anywhere.



Pashtuns have always settled in Central Punjab and Potohar.

Then do provide/share the specific details, of pashtun settlement in potohar and central punjab, if you know about it. There was general pashtun rule, on whole punjab from delhi, but i am interested to know whether there were any pashtun/pathan states and jagirs in potohar and central punjab. My knowledge on punjab is quite limited.

 

[Multani]

As for Abdali. Well, Afghans have always enjoyed a devilish reputation throughout Punjab and Sindh. There was a saying in Punjab; "never trust a snake and an Afghan".

PS: Khatri kidnapping was a well known Afghan industry back then.

That is just not true. In fact what you have proven by your post is that the tiwanas were the bloodiest.

 

[Multani]

So maybe that's why Waris Shah hated them. Waris Shah was a sufi malang, and Sufi malangs preached religious harmony between Sikhs, muslims and Hindhus.

Waris Shah did not hate Afghans. His own teachers were Afghan and Pakhtun. It is not the teaching of Sufis for religious harmony with non-Muslim peoples like Sikhs, hindus etc. it is the teaching of Islamic jurisprudence (shariat) which Sufis follow. Hazrat Waris Shah was the embodiment of Shariat.

The most prominent Afghan in Punjab is Data Ganj Baksh RA, who came there a thousand years ago. All these tiwanas, khokhars, ghakkars, awans, janjuas, Mughals, melt in front of Data Sahib.

Even if Abdali's men massacred sikh farmers for their crops, I'm sure the normal Punjabis wouldn't have approved of it. And his men were said to have terrorized poor Punjabi farmers regardless of religion. Also his rule in Kashmir was extremely oppressive, and the Afghan governors were known to perv after local women and killings of grooms on weddings was all so common.

That is the hallmark of ranjit singh and his Sikh army, and the other hindu rajas in the mountains. Not Afghans.

And Abdali did help the Punjab muslim chieftains, and wasn't too bad himself, but his men and descendants were tyrants who preyed on the weak.

Most kings, rulers are tyrants like much of the local Punjabi lords who had feudalism in their heads, racism, casteism, and hate for other human beings. Even @Shahmir kashmir admitted that Punjabis are a cruel people.

PS: Khatri kidnapping was a well known Afghan industry back then.

No, it wasn't. And in South Punjab we know this fairly well.

The afghans gave Shaikhs and Khawajas the respect and dignity that Punjabis in potohar and northern Punjab cannot fathom except for noble tribes such as Awans and some of Rajputs as Bhattis and Jatts as Sial.

 

[Shabaz Sharif]

@haj9211
5- Kasur, was a powerful colony of kheshgi and zamand pathans, untill destroyed by ranjeet singh.

This punjabi pathan from Kasur played very important role in Pakistan nuclear weapons.

"Munir Ahmad Khan was born in Kakazai family of Kasur, Punjab British Province of British Indian Empire on 20 May 1926."

Munir Ahmad Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Potohar and Central punjab there was internal rivalry most of the times trying to get hold of fertile lands.

 

[ghoul]

Waris Shah did not hate Afghans. His own teachers were Afghan and Pakhtun. It is not the teaching of Sufis for religious harmony with non-Muslim peoples like Sikhs, hindus etc. it is the teaching of Islamic jurisprudence (shariat) which Sufis follow. Hazrat Waris Shah was the embodiment of Shariat.

The most prominent Afghan in Punjab is Data Ganj Baksh RA, who came there a thousand years ago. All these tiwanas, khokhars, ghakkars, awans, janjuas, Mughals, melt in front of Data Sahib.



That is the hallmark of ranjit singh and his Sikh army, and the other hindu rajas in the mountains. Not Afghans.




Most kings, rulers are tyrants like much of the local Punjabi lords who had feudalism in their heads, racism, casteism, and hate for other human beings. Even @Shahmir kashmir admitted that Punjabis are a cruel people.



No, it wasn't. And in South Punjab we know this fairly well.

The afghans gave Shaikhs and Khawajas the respect and dignity that Punjabis in potohar and northern Punjab cannot fathom except for noble tribes such as Awans and some of Rajputs as Bhattis and Jatts as Sial.

The purpose of this post is not Punjabi vs Pakhtun/Pathan. No need to get all emotional. And Ali Hajveri was a pure blooded Sayyid. Sayyids are held in high esteem throughout Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. And Punjabis have given sufi saints too. Mian Muhammad Baksh was a Potohari Gujjar, and almost all Hindko, Pahari and Potohari poetry is based on his works.

And remember, racism is a two way road.

Then do provide/share the specific details, of pashtun settlement in potohar and central punjab, if you know about it. There was general pashtun rule, on whole punjab from delhi, but i am interested to know whether there were any pashtun/pathan states and jagirs in potohar and central punjab. My knowledge on punjab is quite limited.

If you're talking about Khiljis and Lodhis, then their rule in Punjab was only on cards. Their whole reign was marred by Khokhar attacks and rebellions. These Khokhars also joined Shah Khwarezm against Genghis Khan, and allied with the later mongols. One Khokhar chieftain even defeated a mongol incursion. Khilji wanted to punish the Khokhars, and killed a large amount of them, but they weren't destroyed. The came back. After Timurlane's exit, they even sacked and pillaged Lahore once and wanted to march on Delhi but were defeated by sultanate. Sher Shah wanted to march against Gakhars, but was advised against going into their homeland by his advisers as it was considered to dangerous due to hills and mountains.

And before Sikh rise, most of Punjab was ruled by rajput jagirdars. Even east Punjab was held by muslim bhatti rajputs, who had a hereditary feud with SIkh rajas of Patiala. They were finally defeated and most muslim rajputs expelled from east Punjab. The Ravi Chenab area was ruled by a muslim manj rajput jagirdar, and he was defeated by Ranjit Singh. Among the Jatts, Chatthas of Gujranwala were the jagirdars. They were centimeters close to actually killing an adolescent Ranjit Singh, when a muslim chattha charged at Ranjit Singh's elephant, and climbed up his Howdah, but was speared to death before he could strike Ranjit Singh. This Chattha jagirdar family was aided by Abdali. Then there was a Gujjar jagirdari, chieftainship in Gujrat. When the Chib raja of Bhimber princely state was defeated by the Sikh army, he took asylum in the Gujrat's gujjar chieftain. Nawabzada Ghazanfar Ali Gul is the present head of that Gujjar famiy.

BTW I heard that in Swat, the Gujjars and Yousafzais don't get along. Is it true? I had a conversation with a Gujjar from Mansehra, and he said that in Mansehra the Pakhtuns and Gujjars intermarry. What about Swat? And also, I heard the Akhund of Swat was a gujjar sufi dervaish.
.

This punjabi pathan from Kasur played very important role in Pakistan nuclear weapons.

"Munir Ahmad Khan was born in Kakazai family of Kasur, Punjab British Province of British Indian Empire on 20 May 1926."

Munir Ahmad Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Potohar and Central punjab there was internal rivalry most of the times trying to get hold of fertile lands.

In Potohar , the Kakezai are considered quite a low caste. They use the surname "pathan" but aren't held in high esteem by the population at large. People usually rubbish their Pathan claims.

 

[Multani]

The purpose of this post is not Punjabi vs Pakhtun/Pathan. No need to get all emotional. And Ali Hajveri was a pure blooded Sayyid. Sayyids are held in high esteem throughout Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. And Punjabis have given sufi saints too. Mian Muhammad Baksh was a Potohari Gujjar, and almost all Hindko, Pahari and Potohari poetry is based on his works.

And remember, racism is a two way road.



If you're talking about Khiljis and Lodhis, then their rule in Punjab was only on cards. Their whole reign was marred by Khokhar attacks and rebellions. These Khokhars also joined Shah Khwarezm against Genghis Khan, and allied with the later mongols. One Khokhar chieftain even defeated a mongol incursion. Khilji wanted to punish the Khokhars, and killed a large amount of them, but they weren't destroyed. The came back. After Timurlane's exit, they even sacked and pillaged Lahore once and wanted to march on Delhi but were defeated by sultanate. Sher Shah wanted to march against Gakhars, but was advised against going into their homeland by his advisers as it was considered to dangerous due to hills and mountains.

And before Sikh rise, most of Punjab was ruled by rajput jagirdars. Even east Punjab was held by muslim bhatti rajputs, who had a hereditary feud with SIkh rajas of Patiala. They were finally defeated and most muslim rajputs expelled from east Punjab. The Ravi Chenab area was ruled by a muslim manj rajput jagirdar, and he was defeated by Ranjit Singh. Among the Jatts, Chatthas of Gujranwala were the jagirdars. They were centimeters close to actually killing an adolescent Ranjit Singh, when a muslim chattha charged at Ranjit Singh's elephant, and climbed up his Howdah, but was speared to death before he could strike Ranjit Singh. This Chattha jagirdar family was aided by Abdali. Then there was a Gujjar jagirdari, chieftainship in Gujrat. When the Chib raja of Bhimber princely state was defeated by the Sikh army, he took asylum in the Gujrat's gujjar chieftain. Nawabzada Ghazanfar Ali Gul is the present head of that Gujjar famiy.

BTW I heard that in Swat, the Gujjars and Yousafzais don't get along. Is it true? I had a conversation with a Gujjar from Mansehra, and he said that in Mansehra the Pakhtuns and Gujjars intermarry. What about Swat? And also, I heard the Akhund of Swat was a gujjar sufi dervaish.
.



In Potohar , the Kakezai are considered quite a low caste. They use the surname "pathan" but aren't held in high esteem by the population at large. People usually rubbish their Pathan claims.

Hazrat Data Ganj Baksh was NOT a Sayyid,

He is Usmani [ from the family of Hazrat Usman RA ]. He is an Afghan and his mother tongue was Persian.

Kashf ul Mahjoub is one of the first sufi works in Persian ( from Afghanistan )

 

[ghoul]

And btw just an interesting thing to add; During the 2008 elections, there was a clash between Gujjars and Jatts in Gujrat. Gujjars were led by Qamar Zaman Qaira and the Jatts led by Chaudhary Shujaat. Some people got killed. A PPP rally was attacked by Chaudhary Shujaat's henchmen. In response, Qaira's men attacked Chaudhary Shujaat's house with rocket launchers.

 

[Multani]

In Potohar , the Kakezai are considered quite a low caste. They use the surname "pathan" but aren't held in high esteem by the population at large. People usually rubbish their Pathan claims.

this shows the jahalat of 'some' of the pathwaris, few of them, not most. I call them donkey people. The kakazai are Pakhtun through and through.

 

[ghoul]

Hazrat Data Ganj Baksh was NOT a Sayyid,

He is Usmani [ from the family of Hazrat Usman RA ]. He is an Afghan and his mother tongue was Persian.

Kashf ul Mahjoub is one of the first sufi works in Persian ( from Afghanistan )

He was an Al-husayni syed. And stop getting all emotional How old are you lol?