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Everyone played a role. The big shifts in civilization don't often occur overnight; rather, they're a result of decades or even centuries of incremental contributions by many generations.

The big lesson with Qutuz, Baibars and the Mamluks is not just that they were heroes, but that they committed to doing what was Islamically right, at any cost. They didn't defeat the Mongols, but just an advance force of the larger Mongol Army. Yet, when given the chance to surrender, they...

The CNS is doing his actual job...better him aiming for an SSN than, say, making houses, filming movies, and playing golf. If only people like him could take on a Chief of Defence Staff-type role (i.e., command all of our service arms).

For conceptual clarity, a "hypersonic missile" and a "hypersonic glide vehicle" are two different types of systems, correct? Also, would it be correct to say, "a HGV can be a hypersonic missile, but a hypersonic missile need not be a HGV?" @SQ8 @MilSpec

but defence enthusiasts are blown away that their favourite submarine builder also makes elevators.

I'm not blaming the British in as much as pointing out a fact: Our leaders come from a line of yes-men. They came to the top because they have the right mix of personality, qualifications, ambition (or lack thereof) and ability (or lack thereof). The British are no longer relevant, but the...

The reason why every institution in Pakistan -- i.e., military, judiciary, parliament, executive/gov't -- maintains the 'status-quo' is because that was their mandate given to them by the British. When the British left, they didn't just pack up all their bags and withdraw categorically. They...

IMO it depends on the adversary and scenario. For example, mass conventional engagements will likely involve forward-deployed medical facilities on both sides to ensure that injuries don't slow the formation. Rather, casualties become more of a problem in small unit engagements where you don't...

Yeah, this seems to be...better built? Uses higher quality materials?

The H-4 still has a few unique qualities (e.g., optional terminal-stage seeker, manual remote operator, etc) that make it a useful niche heavyweight SOW. If anything, I'd say that the AZB-VI for MK-84s makes heavy precision strikes more cost-effective for the PAF. It's probably cheaper to build...

ngl, but I'd love to see an LHD with AH-1Zs, UH-1Ys, LCACs, and a dedicated LCB-type detachment created from the Marines.

@SQ8 this is how Indo-Pak arguments used to go down in the forums pre-2010. We'd point at DRDO's 'failures' without really seeing the bigger picture.

Honestly, if they had just tried playing the Qaher 313 off as a UCAV, it would've been incredibly believable, if not feasible. However, to Iran's credit, they've largely moved away from propping conventional eye-candy (like fighters, tanks, etc) and, instead, have leaned on their strong rocket...

@JamD @SQ8 That thing on the left, was it the LSD trip?

Assuming there's no embellishment, I think what they meant was that FAAZ-1 didn't meet the PAF's standards and, in turn, AWC (?) was tasked to continue developing upon what they had. There's no guarantee that even FAAZ-2 is serviceable, but what matters is the progress up to that point and a...

As @arslank03 alluded to a few times... The projects in themselves are probably coming online soon, but they're not entirely (or even mostly) indigenous, at least in their current versions. NESCOM et.al are probably leaning on COTS inputs for rockets, for example, to accelerate development. That...

Only the good stuff.

110 F-16A/Bs. But in the 1990s, ACM Pervaiz Mehdi Qureishi indicated to Flight International that the PAF would've started negotiations for an additional 50 or so F-16s (likely Block-32 or 42 as those were the variants available in the mid-1990s). So, by the mid-2000s the PAF would've had 150...

For sure, but the caveat is figuring out how much indigenous rocket development work we've done up to this point. IIRC, Denel's rocket stack for the Umkhonto R was used in the Marlin BVR AAM. Now, with FAAZ-SL basically being our own SLAMRAAM, then suggesting that we already have an AAM in the...

It can if we're investing in the DPMR tech. That's the key here. If we're building an internal capacity to develop and produce DPMRs, then (as Turkiye has shown) anything is possible, be it AAMs, different types of SAMs, ARMs, and so on. But if we're just plugging in a COTS DPMR with other COTS...