A statement from the Vatican failed to dampen growing worldwide Muslim anger over quotes in a papal speech that touched on the concept of holy war.
The Vatican last night said Pope Benedict XVI had not intended to offend when he quoted a 14th-century Christian emperor as saying the Prophet Muhammad had introduced only
"evil and inhuman" ideas into the world.
"It certainly was not the intention of the Pope to carry out a deep examination of jihad and Muslim thought on it, much less to offend the sensibility of Muslim believers," a Vatican spokesman said.
The comments came after the Pope returned to Rome from his native Germany, where he delievered the
speech.
Pakistan's parliament today unanimously adopted a resolution condemning him for making "derogatory" comments about Islam and seeking an apology from him for hurting the feelings of Muslims.
The resolution, put forward by the hardline MP Fazal Karim, was supported by both government and opposition MPs.
Chaudhry Ameer Hussain, the National Assembly speaker, allowed Mr Karim to move the resolution after he said the Pope had insulted Islam and the Prophet Muhammad by making "derogatory remarks".
The Lebanese prime minister, Fuad Saniora, instructed Lebanon's ambassador to the Vatican to seek clarifications on the pontiff's remarks, while Syria's grand mufti sent a letter to the Pope in which he said he feared the comments would worsen inter-faith relations.
The speech, about the relationship between science and religion, touched very briefly on the theme of holy war.
Stressing that the words were not his own, the Pope quoted from a book according to which, he said, the Byzantine emperor Manuel Paleologos II had said: "Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached."
Clearly aware of the delicacy of the issue, the Pope used the words "I quote" twice before repeating the emperor's reported remarks on Islam, which he described as "brusque".
Since the pontiff's speech, given on Tuesday, Muslim leaders around the world have criticised his use of the emperor's words.
The Muslim Council of Britain has called on the Pope to urgently clarify his remarks. "The Byzantine emperor's views about Islam were ill-informed and, frankly, bigoted," Dr Muhammad Abdul Bari, the organisation's secretary general, said.
"One would expect a religious leader such as the Pope to act and speak with responsibility and repudiate the Byzantine emperor's views in the interests of truth and harmonious relations between the followers of Islam and Catholicism."
An influential Iranian cleric joined the chorus, calling the comments "absurd" and claiming they showed the pontiff knew little about the religion.
Turkey's most senior Islamic cleric also asked the Pope to apologise for the remarks, which raised tensions ahead of the pontiff's planned visit to Turkey in November.
Ali Bardakoglu, a cleric who as the head of Turkey's religious affairs directorate sets the religious agenda for the country, said he was deeply offended by the remarks.
In Egypt, Mohammed Mahdi Akef, the leader of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, joined the calls for an official apology, saying the remarks quoted "do not express correct understanding of Islam and are merely wrong and distorted beliefs being repeated in the west".
However, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Carey, came to the Pope's defence and said Muslims must learn to enter into dialogue without "crying foul".
"The Pope is a distinguished scholar and one unlikely to say offensive things," he said. "If he quoted something said 600 years ago, we should not assume that this represents the Pope's beliefs about Islam today. "Muslims, as well as Christians, must learn to enter into dialogue without crying foul. We live in perilous times, and we must not only separate religion from violence but also not give religious legitimacy to violence in any shape or form."