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Pakistan's Human Development Before, During and After Musharraf Years

In the 1990s, economic growth plummeted to between 3% and 4%, poverty rose to 33%, inflation was in double digits and the foreign debt mounted to nearly the entire GDP of Pakistan as the governments of Benazir Bhutto (PPP) and Nawaz Sharif (PML) played musical chairs. Before Sharif was ousted in 1999, the two parties had presided over a decade of corruption and mismanagement. In 1999 Pakistan’s total public debt as percentage of GDP was the highest in South Asia – 99.3 percent of its GDP and 629 percent of its revenue receipts, compared to Sri Lanka (91.1% & 528.3% respectively in 1998) and India (47.2% & 384.9% respectively in 1998). Internal Debt of Pakistan in 1999 was 45.6 per cent of GDP and 289.1 per cent of its revenue receipts, as compared to Sri Lanka (45.7% & 264.8% respectively in 1998) and India (44.0% & 358.4% respectively in 1998).

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Haq's Musings: A Brief History of Pakistani Economy 1947-2010

A question Sir: If the rule of dictators was so good for the economy and human development, why were they themselves forced to leave the seat of power by popular uprisings? Or are we to conclude that the people are too dumb to know what is good for their well-being?
 
A question Sir: If the rule of dictators was so good for the economy and human development, why were they themselves forced to leave the seat of power by popular uprisings?

Good question! when you find a answer than please, share.

BTW... performance challenge is still open.

generals vs. politico
 
I have to say that Musharraf was good for the Pakistani economy while those sitting in power now have done nothing to alleviate the affliction of poverty.
 
A question Sir: If the rule of dictators was so good for the economy and human development, why were they themselves forced to leave the seat of power by popular uprisings? Or are we to conclude that the people are too dumb to know what is good for their well-being?

The dictators are to blame but the political setup we have today was created on their shoulders. For example Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (the man who rigged elections and banned drinking even for minorities other than calling Ahmedis non-muslim) was foreign minister under Ayub Khan. Similarly Nawaz Sharif served as Chief minister of Punjab.

What we have gained in the name of democracy is pathetic leadership and questionable activities along with embezzlement of funds etc. This has resulted in the population being averse to democracy. Even recently in a poll it says 88% favor the military-many even wishing it takes over. When a government is so inept, so useless that it sells its interests to foreigners and fails to deal with militants yet constantly evoking the "we are a democratic government stance"... naturally people feel disgusted.

If true democracy comes to Pakistan-there will be the real victory for Pakistan.
 
Here's an excerpt of an Express Tribune blog on Musharraf's accomplishments:

1. Nine world class engineering universities were developed and 18 public universities further developed.

2. Pakistan was ranked third in world banking profitability.

3. The IT industry was valued at around $2 billion, including $1 billion in exports and employed around 90,000 professionals.

4. The CNG sector attracted over $70 billion in investment in the past five years and created 45,000 jobs.

5. The telecommunications sector attracted around $10 billion in investments and created over 1.3 million jobs.

6. Industrial parks were set up throughout the country for the first time.

7. Mega projects such as the Saindak, Rekodiq, marble production, coal production, mining and quarrying were pursued.

8. Foreign reserves increased from $700 million to $17 billion.

9. The Karachi stock market went from 700 points to 15,000 points.

10. The literacy rate improved by 11 per cent.

11. Poverty decreased by 10 per cent.

12. Four dams were built: Mirani, Subakzai, Gomalzam, Khurram, and Tangi,

13. Seven motorways were completed or were under construction,

14. Gwadar, an advanced sea port, was developed,

15. 650 kilometres of coastal highways were constructed.

16. A historic 100% increase in tax collection (amounting to Rs1 trillion) was observed.

17. Large scale manufacturing was at a 30-year high, and construction at a 17-year high.

18. Copper and gold deposits were found in Chagai, worth about $600 million annually if sold.

19. A new oil refinery with the UAE that could process 300,000 oil barrels a day was established.

20. The industrial sector registered 26 per cent growth.

21. The economy was the third fastest growing economy after China and India .

22. The Institute of Space Technology was established.

23. Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta was established.

24. The University of Science and Technology, Bannu, was established.

25. The University of Hazara was founded.

26. The Malakand University in Chakdara was established.

27. The University of Gujrat was established

28. The Virtual University of Pakistan was established

29. Sarhad University of IT in Peshawar was established

30. The National Law University in Islamabad was established

31. The Media University in Islamabad was established

32. University of Education in Lahore was established

33. Lasbela University of Marine Sciences, Baluchistan, was established

34. Baluchistan University of IT & Management, Quetta (2002)

35. The Pakistan economy was worth $ 160 billion in 2007

36. GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) was $ 475.5 billion in 2007

37. The GDP per Capita in 2007 was $ 1000

38. Revenue collection in 2007/08 was Rs1.002 billion

39. Exports in 2007were worth $18.5 billion

40. Textile exports in 2007 were worth $11.2 billion

41. Foreign direct investment in 2007 was $8.5 billion

42. Debt servicing in 2007 was 26 per cent of the GDP

43. The poverty level in 2007 was 24 per cent

44. The literacy rate in 2007 was 53 per cent

45. Pakistan development programs in 2007 were valued at Rs520 billion

46. The Karachi stock exchange in 2007 was $70 billion at 15,000 points

47. Exports in 2007: $18.5 billion

48. Pakistan now has a total of 245,682 educational institutions in all categories, including 164,579 in the public sector and 81,103 in the private sector, according to the National Education Census (NEC-2005).

49. There are now more than 5,000 Pakistanis doing PhDs in foreign countries on scholarship. 300 Pakistanis receive PhD degrees every year, in 1999, the number was just 20.

50. In total, 99,319 educational institutions increased in Musharraf’s era!

50 reasons Pakistan needs Musharraf – The Express Tribune Blog

Here's an excerpt of a Express Tribune blog on Musharraf period:

Even if I try to use sasti (insubstantial) Pakistani political arguments, I cannot refute the fact that during the Commando’s era, economic conditions were much, much better. The economy, in general, was doing great; there were more jobs and businesses were recording higher profits.

“I remember the Musharraf period was great in terms of business and political peace; we were hiring extensively as compared to now. Actually, not only us, the software industry, were hiring, but job-seeking graduates were more comfortable at that time about getting jobs as compared to now. That’s my observation”, Salim Ghauri, chairman and CEO at NetSol Technologies told me in a brief conversation.

According to the reports by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pakistan was the third fastest growing economy after China and India during that era.

In 2002, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) was declared the “Best Performing Stock Market of the World for the year 2002”.

Our industrial sector registered 26.5% growth on average. Manufacturing and construction sectors recorded a 30 year and 17 year high, respectively. The highest increase in tax collection of around Rs1trillion was injected in government revenues.

Amazingly, Pakistan railway was making profits. Other indicators include a drastic decrease in poverty. CNG fuel, information technology and especially the telecommunication sectors registered massive growths, and the dollar was just at Rs60.

Musharraf even played a significant role in transforming the infrastructure of this country. Four dams (Subakzai, Gomalzam, Khurram and Tangi) were constructed during his period.

He initiated the plans to work on seven motorways in different areas of Pakistan; some were completed during his period and others remained under construction. Advanced Gawadar port, Kachi Canal Project, Lyari Expressway and a 650km long coastal highway are also among the many achievements of Musharraf’s period.

Pervez Musharraf can also be hailed as the liberator of the media; being a dictator, he was the only one who seemed confident enough of himself and his countrymen to have given Pakistani’s the freedom of speech as well. He took major steps to empower the Pakistani women in our local and national assemblies and his aggressive education policy contributed to major positive riffles in Pakistan’s education system; our literacy rate improved by 11% during his period.

Nine well equipped engineering universities and 18 public universities, all over Pakistan irrespective of ethnic orientations, were made during his time. Several technical colleges and institutions also spurted during his reign.

Pakistan’s launched its first satellite, Paksat-1, in his time – Musharraf made it happen. His remarkable words cannot be forgotten:

“Pakistan’s space programme is now ahead of India after the formal launching of Paksat-1 and this is due to the hard work of our scientists, and I am sure Indians would take another 30 months to do the job.”

It was during his time that after years, the issue of Jammu and Kashmir was on the front table for talks.

In spite of all these accomplishments that he brought to our economy, unfortunately he simultaneously took some bad decisions, too, that wiped out all the credit that we owe him. Some people still blame him for the current political and social turmoil.

Is it more likely that though Pervez Musharraf did well for the economy in his tenure he simultaneously created some negative externalities too?

http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/16706/pervez-musharraf-deserves-a-second-chance-our-economy-needs-him/
 
Here's an excerpt of an Express Tribune blog on Musharraf's accomplishments:

...............

50 reasons Pakistan needs Musharraf – The Express Tribune Blog

Here's an excerpt of a Express Tribune blog on Musharraf period:

...................

Pervez Musharraf deserves a second chance, our economy needs him! – The Express Tribune Blog

And yet, with all those achievements under his belt, Gen Musharraf was ignominiously ousted from power by a popular uprising. Why was that, I wonder?
 
And yet, with all those achievements under his belt, Gen Musharraf was ignominiously ousted from power by a popular uprising. Why was that, I wonder?

Up until early 2007, most polls showed Musharraf enjoyed high approval ratings.

But it's hard for him to win any elections because of the way politics works in Pakistan.

Most Pakistanis vote based on ethnic, feudal and biradri connections...not on issues or performance.

Imran Khan's PTI faces this challenge as well.

Haq's Musings: Haq's Crystal Ball: A Look at Pak Elections 2013
 
Isn't there some claims that Mush Cooked his books to display overtly positive pictures ??



Read more here : The road to growth – The Express Tribune

Mush cooked the numbers left and right.Here is how he did it.

The bubble that burst

GEN Pervez Musharraf has returned to the country. This time, mercifully, his return has not been heralded by a posse of armed soldiers clambering over a gate to pave the way for a power grab.

The retired general plans to run for a seat in parliament and claims he will restore Pakistan to where he left off. Thus an assessment as to what his regime achieved during his eight-year rule is in order.

The general’s principal claim to fame is the economy, which his imported prime minister managed. The high point is claimed as the GDP growth rate, which was raised from a pre-2000 average of below four per cent to a post-9/11 average of six per cent. A stellar performance was the 7.5 per cent growth in 2003-04 and nine per cent in 2004-05.

This feat was achieved on the strength of the finance, manufacturing and services sectors. Manufacturing growth averaged nine per cent during this period and registered a record 14 per cent in 2003-04 and 15.5 per cent in 2004-05. Growth in the services sector was over six per cent compared to below four per cent in the pre-2000 years.

It is, however, pertinent to examine how this deed was accomplished. Before any analysis is presented, it is necessary to note that the GDP growth rate is a weighted average of the various sectors of the economy; the manufacturing sector growth rate is a weighted average of the various industries and the services sector growth rate is a weighted average of the various services sectors. The key to understanding the remarkable performance lies in the services sector and in the banking sector, in particular.

The regime’s economic managers set about creating a macroeconomic environment that heavily favoured the banking sector, 80 per cent of which was sold to foreign interests during the regime’s tenure. The principal benefits to the banks accrued from the opening of the large window of consumer credit; with the result that the financial sector value added growth for 2004-05 and 2005-06 was at an all-time high at a record 31 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively.

Two industries that benefited the most from the liberal expansion of consumer financing were automobiles and electrical goods, with credit-financed sales of automobiles, television sets, etc, skyrocketing. Average value addition growth over 2003-2005 in the automobile and electrical goods industries was 43 per cent and 45 per cent, respectively, compared to 14 per cent for the manufacturing sector as a whole.

Thus, it was the extraordinary credit-financed growth in banking, automobiles and electrical goods sectors that provided the narrow base for overall GDP growth. The rest of the economy, particularly agriculture, stagnated.

However, the credit-finance bubble began to burst by 2007. When the doubling of inflation from four per cent over 2000-04 to nine per cent over 2005-08 forced a rise in interest rates, consumer credit disbursements declined by half, slowing financial sector growth to less than 15 per cent. With reduced consumer credit, production of automobiles and electrical goods dropped and with output of television sets falling by one-third GDP growth was back to below four per cent. What was trumpeted as extraordinary growth was actually a mirage, a hot-air balloon that burst at the first whiff of crisis.

High performance figures were also managed by what was apparently the manipulation of data. Post-1998 population census, the population growth rate was estimated at 2.5 per cent, based on the 1981-1998 inter-census growth. However, the population growth rate was arbitrarily reduced to two per cent in 2004, to 1.9 per cent in 2005 and to 1.8 per cent in 2007.

Given that no census had been carried out after 1998, there was no basis for concluding that the population growth rate had declined. The motive for depressing population growth figures emanated from the desire to show enhanced per capita income, i.e. average national income.

An average is derived by dividing the numerator by the denominator and a lower denominator raises the average. Per capita income is a product of national income divided by population. By lowering population estimates by the stroke of a pen, the Musharraf regime managed to contrive an increase in per capita income for the corresponding years.


Another apparent case of data manipulation is that of tax collection.

Budgetary data for customs duty receipts is provided for 13 categories of goods, ranging from chemicals, iron and steel, and machinery to rubber and plastic products and medical and photographic equipment. Clearly, one would not expect customs duty collection in any one year for different import categories to increase by the same percentage.

Ironically, however, that is exactly what happened. Customs duty collection for 10 out of 13 categories of imports is reported to have grown at a uniform 3.1 per cent during 2002-03, at 9.7 per cent during 2003-04 and at 27 per cent during 2004-05.

One hopes Gen Musharraf does not have a similar kind of contrived economic miracle in mind when he talks of restoring Pakistan’s economy to what it was during his days. Pakistan does not need more rounds of governance by gimmickry.

The bubble that burst | Opinion | DAWN.COM
 
Up until early 2007, most polls showed Musharraf enjoyed high approval ratings.

But it's hard for him to win any elections because of the way politics works in Pakistan.

Most Pakistanis vote based on ethnic, feudal and biradri connections...not on issues or performance.

Imran Khan's PTI faces this challenge as well.

Haq's Musings: Haq's Crystal Ball: A Look at Pak Elections 2013

So Sir, what happened after 2007? Surely you cannot ignore the egomaniacal steps Gen Musharraf took that led to his downfall by quoting his economic performance upto 2007 only.
 
Here's a PakistanToday on Indian and Pakistani hackers' war:

Pakistani hackers on Friday hacked over a thousand Indian websites in response to an Indian attack on the website of the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP).

Pakistani hackers calling themselves True Cyber Army defaced 1,059 websites of Indian election bodies which then showed the ECP’s web page.

The hacked websites included Nagpur Municipal Corporation General Election 2012 (?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????), Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai General Elections 2012 (?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ). The hackers warned to launch more attacks on Indian websites if their rivals continued their campaign against Pakistani websites.

“If Indian hackers did not stop attacking Pakistani websites, we have a right to fight for the integrity of our homeland,” True Cyber Army said in an email message to a local newspaper. Last Friday the website of ECP was shut down after an attack by an Indian hacker who identified himself as NIGh7 F0x. The hacker defaced the homepage of ECP website and later compromised its availability.

The attack on ECP website came at a time when the P he commission shifted its website on another server to avert the crisis but still some ECP website users are complaining about difficulty in accessing some of the contents.

However, according to a spokesman of ECP all important election related data was secure and the website had started functioning normally. The Commission had already started uploading the nomination papers of candidates contesting in May 11 polls. Pakistani election body is busy in preparing for the general elections to be held on 11th May 2013.

Hackers hit back: 1,059 Indian websites defaced by Pakistani hackers | Pakistan Today | Latest news | Breaking news | Pakistan News | World news | Business | Sport and Multimedia
 
So Sir, what happened after 2007? Surely you cannot ignore the egomaniacal steps Gen Musharraf took that led to his downfall by quoting his economic performance upto 2007 only.

So who got punished more?

Musharraf or the people of Pakistan who endured the loss of another 5 years after the lost decade of 1990s under PPP and PML (N)?

Don't you think Pakistanis wounds are mostly self-inflicted?

Haq's Musings: Musharraf's Economic Legacy
 
Here's a PakistanToday on Indian and Pakistani hackers' war:

Pakistani hackers on Friday hacked over a thousand Indian websites in response to an Indian attack on the website of the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP).

Pakistani hackers calling themselves True Cyber Army defaced 1,059 websites of Indian election bodies which then showed the ECP’s web page.

The hacked websites included Nagpur Municipal Corporation General Election 2012 (?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????), Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai General Elections 2012 (?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ). The hackers warned to launch more attacks on Indian websites if their rivals continued their campaign against Pakistani websites.

“If Indian hackers did not stop attacking Pakistani websites, we have a right to fight for the integrity of our homeland,” True Cyber Army said in an email message to a local newspaper. Last Friday the website of ECP was shut down after an attack by an Indian hacker who identified himself as NIGh7 F0x. The hacker defaced the homepage of ECP website and later compromised its availability.

The attack on ECP website came at a time when the P he commission shifted its website on another server to avert the crisis but still some ECP website users are complaining about difficulty in accessing some of the contents.

However, according to a spokesman of ECP all important election related data was secure and the website had started functioning normally. The Commission had already started uploading the nomination papers of candidates contesting in May 11 polls. Pakistani election body is busy in preparing for the general elections to be held on 11th May 2013.

Hackers hit back: 1,059 Indian websites defaced by Pakistani hackers | Pakistan Today | Latest news | Breaking news | Pakistan News | World news | Business | Sport and Multimedia

Bunch unemployed kids Vandalizing a few websites.And you call that war:lol:
 
So who got punished more?

Musharraf or the people of Pakistan who endured the loss of another 5 years after the lost decade of 1990s under PPP and PML (N)?

Don't you think Pakistanis wounds are mostly self-inflicted?

Haq's Musings: Musharraf's Economic Legacy

Sir, an observer can conclude that the people may have considered the punishment you describe to be well worth the value of getting rid of a dictator. May be the people are hoping that regular elections will permanently banish the Army to the barracks, where it rightfully belongs.
 
Yes. I think it was his economist PM who was doing that. Musharraf had given him a free hand.

But he did do some things right on the economic front, no doubt on that.

Then why at the end of his tenure Pakistan was facing a BOP crisis.He hardly made any investment in core sectors like Power and other infra projects.Now look at the power crisis.All he did was to create a credit bubble and that in turn created a consumer boom.That bubble bursted in 2008, and now Pakistan's is suffering from it.If you wanna create sustainable economic growth you must invest on infrastructure,health and education.
 
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