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NON LETAHL WAEPONS A NEW HOT PURSUIT?
The stuff of science fiction becoming science fact.
CN TO CS to CR to OC.
This is the world of non-lethal weapons. Different types of non-lethal weapons that are world wise used by the armed forces to capture enemies without doing any blood shed. Step towards the wider marketing and availability of electrical shock weapons
The U.S. Marines are in the forefront of developing, testing and using so-called non-lethal weapons NLW for what is being called domestic crowd control
The new wave of shock technology isnt just around the cornerits already here. Plasma clouds, microwave beams, electrified bulletsmilitary contractors have been developing futuristic new combat technologies into the hands of military, corrections, and law enforcement personnel.
Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) have been around for decades and range from CS gas to pepper spray and from the low-tech water cannon to the Taser, their use by military and police agencies world-wide are designed to ensure compliance from hostile "natives."
The early history of non-lethal weapons development covering the period from the 1960s, when several diverse weapons were first grouped together in one category and described as non-lethal by law enforcement end-users and policymakers, until 1989, just before the hugely increased interest in the field that developed during the 1990s amongst both police and military organisations.
As early as 1972, a report by the U.S. National Science Foundation identified no less than 34 varieties of less-lethal weapons technology then in the research or developmental stages. Among these were electrified water jets; stroboscopic light and pulsed sound weapons; infrasound weapons which would use low-frequency noises inaudible to the human ear; guns for firing drug-filled rounds; "stench darts," which would emit a powerful and unpleasant smell; and a device called an "instant banana peel," designed to make pavement slippery. A later weapon in development at the beginning of the twenty-first century used sticky foam which, when fired at an attacker, made it impossible for the attacker to move
In 2009 more than 4,000 less-lethal weapon are in use by USA and their allies in Kosovo,Afghanistan and IRAQ. India even is not legging behind to develop such weapons. Indian defense research organization DRDO has developed a hand grenade that is equipped with the chili powder and can compel the enemy to drop arms and surrender within minutes. The chili powder used in it has been obtained from the worlds hottest chili Bhut Jolakia.
There is a wide range of NLW available for use, including: Chemical. Tear gas. Pepper spray. It causes an intense burning sensation on the contact area. The use of both tear gas and pepper spray is strictly regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
CS was more rapid in action, more severe in effect, and less toxic. While CN was a
true tear gas affecting the eyes almost exclusively, CS was a general mucosal
irritant, and affected the upper and lower airways as well as the eyes, and was
capable of causing skin blistering and nausea in heavy exposures. CS was first used by the British in Cyprus in 1958-59 and The Vietnam War saw massive use of CS by the US Army.
25 different types of weapon disseminating the irritant agent CS, including heavy munitions ranging up to 155-mm artillery shell and 750-pound aircraft bombs, were
used in Viet Nam. Ultimately more than 15 million pounds of CS were dispensed in
these munitions.
A newer riot control agent, CR (dibenz(b,f)-1:4-oxazepine), which was synthesised by British scientists in 1962, was found to be more potent but less toxic than CS. It was manufactured by the UK Ministry of Defence at a plant in Cornwall between 1968 and 1977. Authorised by the Ministry of Defence for use in Northern Ireland from 1973 and approved by the US Army as a riot control agent in 1974,
Kinetic Energy Impact Projectiles
Developed by the Ministry of Defence for the British Army Introduced in Northern Ireland in July 1970. The L2A2, made of hard rubber (15cm long, 3.5cm in diameter and weighing 140g. From its initial deployment until the end of 1974 over 55,000 rubber bullets were fired in Northern Ireland. A shorter, lighter, more accurate projectile with a PVC outer layer, the plastic bullet (LR L3A1), was developed in 1972 and first used in 1973.
Electrical Weapons
In the 1970s two major studies of non lethal weapons saw electrical weapons as one of the most promising technologies for further development. The final report of the US Army research into non-lethal weapons also argued that electrical weapons offered many advantages over existing chemical and kinetic energy weapons: Some of the advantages are: Broad spectrum of incapacitation, predictable physiological effect,
controllability of dose, rapid incapacitation etc.
Blunt Impact
Rubber bullets/rubber balls. Fired at the ground, they bounce and ricochet off people in a crowd. Square bean bag rounds, cloth pouches filled with pellets. Sock rounds, a bean bag with a fabric tail to stabilize it in flight.
Diversionary
Flash/bang grenades that explode with a bright flash and loud bang. Tasers that deliver an electric shock. High Intensity Directed Acoustics (HIDA), which emit a 3,000-watt blast of disabling noise. Weapons that use light, sound, heat, or smell to halt or disperse suspects.
Anti-vehicle.
Caltrops, metal devices used to deflate tires. Stinger Spike Strips, tiny needles placed in strips on the ground to deflate tires. X-net, a spiked net that can stop vehicles at checkpoints.
M26 Advanced Taser, which can be used to neutralize an individual by means of electric shock. Similarly, electronic riot shields and electroshock batons also use voltage to neutralize attackers. Manufactured since the mid-1980s, electrified riot shields make use of special plates fitted with metal strips. In the handle of the shield is a button which, when pushed, can send as much as 100,000 voltstwice the capacity of an ordinary Taser
During 2000 the US military conducted a yearlong Joint Mission Area Analysis (JMAA) for non-lethal weapons to assess the status of the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program (JNLWP).
Since 1997, the Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) has had the responsibility for developing, testing, standardizing, and preparing for procurement these types of tactical capabilities.its budget was $ 7.3 million dollars now in 2009 $47.6 million with 18 members staff. Most recently, they have been incorporated in nonlethal capability sets (NLCS), of which some 18 exist in the U.S. Army and some 50 in the Marine Corps. Six NLCS were deployed with army units in the Iraq theater.
DoD has deployed less-lethal technology under its Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program since 1995, when civil agencies provided less-lethal weapons and equipment,
(1)Directed Energy Weapons
High Powered Microwave Weapon is an electromagnetic pulse that can burn skin in an instant. It disables equipment. In April 2007, there was an accident with the "Active Denial System 1", which is a pain ray or death ray gun, during a trial at the Moody Air Force Base in Georgia. It was left on and somebody was badly burned. This gun is being used in Iraq, Somalia, Palestine and Afghanistan. microwave pain-infliction system that can be fired from an aircraft.
Silent Guardian. Fixed site or truck-mounted version of ADS for medium range applications 30 kilowatt, > 250 m range. Raytheon Co is manufacturing them
Active Denial System (ADS) which fires a 95-gigahertz beam at its targets. Thus far, what is known about ADS is that people hit by the weapons beam experience a sharp rise in body heat and severe pain within five seconds of contact, an experience that is supposed to prompt targets to run in the other direction the weapon can fire a stream of electricity like water out of a hose at one or many targets in a single sweep. An even more advanced form of the weapon may have a range of more than 300- 750 meter. New Scientist noted that this version would utilize a tabletop-sized laser to produce an intense pulse that would ionize the air itself. The process would produce long, thread-like filaments of glowing plasma that [could] be sustained by repeating the pulse every few milliseconds. The effect would be one of a shock similar to that of one of Tasers 50,000-volt stun guns. AFRL, JNLWD, Raytheon Co manfucatring its
Portable Active Denial System (PADS) Tripod-mounted version of ADS 400 watt, short range. AFRL, DOE, OFT, Raytheon Co.
Handheld Active Denial System. Research towards the development of a handheld Active Denial weapon. DOJ, JNLWD, Raytheon Co.
Pulsed Energy Projectile (PEP) used to be called the Pulsed Impulsive Kill Laser, before they toned it down for PR reasons (and because the acronym is basically "pickle"). It's mounted on a truck, plane or helicopter and fires an invisible laser pulse at a target. On impact the pulse creates exploding plasma, which is exactly as painful as it sounds. It's having five flash grenades strapped to your head and then exploded at once.).Main devolpers- JNLWD, Mission Research Corp.
Personnel Halting and Stimulation Response (PHaSR) Laser weapon employing two
wavelengths, one to dazzle the other to repel (possibly with heat). Formerly known as Portable Efficient Laser Testbed (PELT). AFRL, JNLWD.
Dissuader Laser Illuminator Flashlight sized red laser diode dazzling weapon that causes glare or flash blindness but can cause permanent eye damage at close range (SEA Technology).uses -Airforce
Various green laser dazzling weapons . Hand-held or weapon-mounted green laser dazzling weapons approved for use by the Army include: XADS PD/G-105 (Xtreme Alternative Defense Systems Ltd.), MiniGreen, GBD-IIIC (BE Myers & Co. Inc.), HELIOS, and GHOST.USER-army
V2K is electromagnetic energy for mind control to create mass murderers such as soldiers. These include (1) a neuro-electromagnetic device that transmits microwave radiation sound pulses into a persons skull; and (2) a silent sound device that transmits subliminal voice or audio messages into the persons skull.
Kinetic.) Mk19 Non- Lethal Munition (NLM). Blunt trauma munition containing 1-3 plastic projectiles fired from Mk19 grenade machine gun. Ring Airfoil Projectile (RAP) also a potential payload. Long range version under development with flashbang payload.. ARDEC, JNLWD Main Developers
(i) 12 gauge shotgun Rounds Fin stabilised rubber, wooden, multiple rubber balls (Defense Technology Corp.), beanbag, dye containing (Technical Solutions Group) Users Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard
(ii) 40mm M203 grenade launcher rounds Multiple rubber balls, foam rubber baton (Defense Technology Corp.), sponge tip grenade (AMTEC) Users Army, Marines,
Navy, Air Force
(iii) Rubber ball grenade Hand grenade containing multiple rubber balls (Combined Tactical Systems) Marines, Navy, Air Force
(iv) Rifle-launched rounds Multiple rubber balls point, multiple rubber balls area rounds delivered at ranges of 30-80 metres (Alliant Techsystems) Users Army
(v) 66 mm grenade Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke System (LVOSS). 66mm multiple rubber ball grenade delivered at ranges of 80-100 metres (PW Defence). Users Army, Marines
(vi) Modular Crowd Control Munition (MCCM). Variant of claymore anti-personnel mine delivering rubber balls (Lone Star). Users Army
Kinetic / Chemical (i) FN303 System (called the Individual Serviceman Non- Lethal System (ISNLS) by the military). Compressed air launcher firing projectiles various projectiles with different payloads (solid kinetic impact, containing OC, and containing paint) (FN Herstal). ). Users Army, Marines,
Military Police
(ii) Oloeresin capsicum (OC) spray, Various spray devices from small short range to large with range of 25 ft or more (Defense Technology Corp.) Army, Marines, Air Force
(iii) CR spray. Various spray devices from small short range to large with range of 25 ft or more (ACALA).
USER Army
(iv) Grenade for 66mm Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke System (LVOSS). 66mm L96A1 CS grenade with range of 65-95 metres (PW Defence). Users Army
The 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) are the principal international legal instruments against CBW. If any chemical or biological substance including toxins and, in principle, various pharmacologically active drugswere used for hostile purposes or in armed conflict or as a method of warfare it would constitute a violation of the BTWC and the CWC, respectively. The BTWC has weak verification mechanisms, while the CWC has quite strong verification mechanisms and procedures.
Irritant chemical agents such as CS and oleoresin capsicum (OC) or pepper spray continue to be used widely by police forces across the world, delivered by various spray devices, frangible projectiles, shells and grenades. One of the most significant developments in recent years has been an increase in the usage of pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA), a synthetic version of OC that is more potent and than the natural product and less variable in its potency. It is used widely by law enforcement organizations in North America and some European countries, including police forces in the UK who now use both CS and PAVA sprays and the US military is also investigating its use. There are enduring concerns over the safety and health effects of irritant chemical weapons and the variability of different products. For example, a study by the Medical Toxicology Unit of Guys and St. Thomas Hospital in London published in 2004 found that the specific CS sprays used by UK police forces may cause more adverse and long-lasting effects than other sprays
NLWs are now considered for the full spectrum of conflict from major theatre wars to small-scale contingencies, fighting piracy, peacetime operations and homeland defence. NLWs function in three areas to achieve counter-personnel, -materiel, and -capability objectives (i.e. incapacitating people and equipment, and disabling or neutralizing facilities and systems). NLW technologies include: (a) acoustic systems;
(b) Chemicals, including malodorants and riot control, anti-traction and lubricating agents; (c) communication systems; (d) information technologies; (e) optical devices; ( f ) munitions; and (g) non-penetrating projectiles. 50,000-volt stun guns.
Taser Remote Area Denial (T-RAD) Tasernet can capture digital facial scans, allowing authorized users through the forcefield. According to Tasers press release, the T-RAD, based on the Taser X26 core technology, is designed to be deployed at checkpoints, facility perimeters, embassies, airports, and other critical infrastructures. The weapon is expected to be ready for deployment in 2008.
Non-lethal is still the operative term with all of these new weapons, but civilian experience with Taser stun guns shows that non-lethal means usually not lethal. Since 2001, roughly 200 people have died after being stunned with Tasers. Taser International, Inc., attributes all of the deaths to other causes, including acute intoxication and excited delirium. The U.S. Department of Justice has launched an investigation to review some of those deaths. The rapid evolution of electricity-based weaponry raises concerns for abuse by governments and law enforcement agencies that have already demonstrated a propensity to use electrical shock weaponry as a form of torture.
Improved Acoustic Hailing Device (IAHD)
The IAHD can issue either voice commands or warning tones up to a range of 300 meters. The IAHD can operate from the ground or while mounted on
vehicles or vessels.
Joint Non-Lethal Warning Munitions (JNLWM)
Twelve-gauge shotguns and 40mm launchers can fire Joint Non-Lethal Warning Munitions that emit an airburst warning of light, sound and smoke. The munitions deliver these non-lethal effects out to ranges of 100 to 300 meters. Military personnel can use these munitions for boarding suspicious vessels, for crowd dispersal and for convoy security applications.
Mk 19 Non-Lethal Munitions (NLM)
Mk19 Non-Lethal Munitions use a ring airfoil plastic projectile to apply blunt trauma when fired from the Mk19 rapid-fire Automatic Grenade Machine Gun, Production and deployment of Mk19 Non-Lethal Munitions is scheduled for 2010.
Distributed Sound and Light Array (DSLA)
The DSLA is a state-of-the-art system in hailing and warning technology. Still in the development stage, the DSLA delivers high output sound plus a powerful green laser, and focused intense bright white lights. The combined effect of the sound and light is far greater than either effect used independently. The DSLA has an effective range up to 5,000 meters, greater than any other hailing and warning system currently available.
Improved Flash Bang Grenade (IFBG)
Research and development efforts indicate the Improved Flash-Bang Grenade, which is scheduled to be fielded in FY11, is more effective and safer than current flash-bang grenades. The IFBG now produces a louder and more resonant bang and a longer and brighter flash. In addition, the removal of salts used to create the explosion has made the IFBG safer for the environment than previous flash-bang munitions.
Airburst Non Lethal Munitions (ANLM)
ANLM are low-velocity munitions that delivers an airburst flash-bang effect with a range between 35 and 300 meters. ANLM is scheduled to be fielded in FY11 being developed for use with several different weapons, including the MK19 and the M203
Mission Payload Module - Non-Lethal Weapon System (MPM-NLWS)
Researchers are testing the delivery of non-lethal payloads from two tube launcher systems. The MPM-NLWS multiple tube design allows the firing of several caliber and types of payloads. The system can operate from the ground or while mounted on vehicles or vessels. Potential non-lethal payloads include illumination, warning and disabling flash-bangs, smoke, blunt-impact munitions and training rounds. Because it can launch multiple non-lethal rounds over a large area, the MPM-NLWS is well suited for convoy security, crowd dispersal, maritime security, homeland defense, urban environments
and area denial.
Laser Windshield Obscuration
The goal of this project is to develop a prototype laser system capable of obscuring a vehicle windshield at long ranges. This capability would cause drivers to slow or stop their vehicles, thus giving troops the time and distance they need to determine a drivers intent. Current project objectives include overcoming the challenges of windshield absorption and transmission of the laser through the atmosphere. Technology development during FY09-11 will incorporate mature laser technology and could potentially lead to a fielded capability by FY14.
INDIVIDUAL SERVICEMAN NON-LETHAL SYSTEM
The Individual Serviceman Non-Lethal System (ISNLS) is an evolving non-lethal weapon concept currently supported by the commercial-off-the-shelf FN303 Less Lethal Launcher. The launcher is made from a durable, lightweight polymer with flip-up iron sights and an integrated Picatinny 1913 rail for mounting red dot sights
VEHICLE LIGHTWEIGHT ARRESTING DEVICE
The Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device (VLAD) is a pre-emplaced net, that is man-portable and equipped with a unique barbed spike system that stops cars and trucks traveling at high rates of speed. The counter-material device offers significant improvement in warfighter protection capability by providing an easily transportable, quickly emplaced, wheeled vehicle stopping system
The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), in its migrant and drug operations, is using both Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol and Pepperball Systems to enforce order and compliance during volatile close quarters encounters.
The USCG is using the Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) to intercept drug smugglers and illegal migrant boats in or near the coastal waters of the United States.
The FN-303 Less Lethal Launching System is being used as perimeter security weapon around several operating bases in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraq Freedom (OIF) to keep civilians from breaching base perimeters, prevent theft of the fencing around the perimeters and marking individuals for later apprehension.
During OPERATION SECURE TOMORROW, the Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device (VLAD) was used successfully to stop vehicles during nighttime curfew hours in Haiti. The VLAD was also successfully used in Iraq and Afghanistan
Non-lethal weapons which are currently fielded include:
Optical distractors These are non-blinding laser devices that use highly directional optical energy to temporarily overwhelm an adversary's visual sense; provide an unequivocal, non-verbal warning; or provide the target an opportunity to clarify intent.
12-gauge munitions These are fin stabilized point and area projectiles that are considered blunt imact munitions and are fired from a 12-guage shot gun.
40mm munitions These are point and area rounds that are shot from the M-16 mounted, M203, and are also considered blunt impact munitions.
Caltrops This is a metal device with four projecting spikes so arranged that when three of the spikes are on the ground, the fourth points upward, and is used as a hazard to pneumatic tires
Magnum spike strips These are tire deflation devices that disable vehicles quickly while ensuring the safety of service members and targets
Sting ball grenades- These produce a loud sound, a bright flash of light, and distribute a large number of small rubber pellets for crowd control or personnel incapacitation, or to clear facilities of personnel. They are hand thrown or shotgun launched.
Oleoresin capsicum This is a chemical compound commonly known as pepper spray that irritates the eyes to cause tears and pain.
Nonballistic Face Shield. Manufacturer: Paulson Participating Services: Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard,The nonballistic face shield provides face protection against a wide range of threats (e.g., debris, liquids, hand-thrown objects). Nonballistic Body Shield . Manufacturer: Armadillo, Participating Services: Army, Air Force .The shield provides body protection against a wide range of threats (e.g., debris, liquids, hand-thrown objects
Riot Shield (Armadillo) Manufacturer: Paulson, Participating Services: Army, Air Force .The shield provides body protection against a wide range of threats (e.g., debris, liquids, hand-thrown objects .
Nonballistic Riot Shinguards . Manufacturer Champro Sports Equipment, Participating Services: Army, Air Force ,Marine . Champro shinguards protect the legs of riot control forces. These hard plastic guards feature calf and ankle wings, a double reinforced knee, and a full-length padded liner.
Ballistic Face Shield .Manufacturer- Protech Armor Products,Participating Services-Army. Protechs ballistic face shield provides full facial protection for threats up to a 124-grain 9 mm round.
Ballistic Body Shield With Light Kit . Manufacturer- Protech Armor Products, Participating Services-Army This 18-pound, 20- by 36-inch shield is manufactured from Spectra Shield bullet-resistant material to provide level-IIIA protection (9 mm and .44 Magnum pistol rounds). The ballistic viewport is 4 by 16 inches. The light kit requires two 3-volt lithium batteries.
Ballistic Riot Shinguards Manufacturer - Protective Materials Co. Participating Services- Army. These standard black guards, manufactured from Kevlar KM2, provide level-IIIA protection (9 mm and .44 Magnum pistol rounds). They are available in three sizes and weigh from 7 to 10 pounds per pair.
Wooden Baton . Manufacturer-Government Issue, . Participating Services- Army,Airforce. Description: This solid hickory 36-inch baton is manufactured with a standard leather carrying strap. The baton is used for fast defense and for holding off crowds in conflict situations.
Portable Bullhorn . Manufacturer-Able 2, Participating Services- Army,Airforce, Marine. Participating Services- Army,Airforce. The portable bullhorn provides critical communication capability for crowd control. It projects over crowd noise, enabling the user to communicate with crowds and to communicate commands to troops engaged in crowd control.
Ground-Mounted Bullhorn Manufacturer- Anchor Audio, Participating Services- Army. The ground-mounted bullhorn provides critical communication capability for crowd control. It projects over crowd noise, enabling the user to communicate with crowds and to communicate commands to troops engaged in crowd control.
Individual Voice Amplification System (M7). Manufacturer- AudioPack Sound Systems- Participating Services- Army. The M7 is fitted to the M40 protective mask to aid oral communication and to increase the users ability to communicate using radios and other equipment. It requires a 9-volt battery.
Disposable Restraint System (NIK Public Safety) . Manufacturer- NIK Public Safety, Participating Services- Army, Air Force. Soldiers use these disposable restraints to immobilize individuals. A single soldier can carry a large number of them.
Individual Riot Control Agent Dispenser With Carry Pouch (ACALA M36) . Manufacturer- Monadnock- Participating Services- Marines, Air Force. These cuffs have a tensile strength of 250 pounds and feature two ½-inch-wide plastic straps that allow for standard handcuffing techniques.
Inert Riot Control Agent Dispenser. Manufacturer- ACALA (M36 dispenser);
Eagle Industries (pouch) . Participating Services- Army .This M36 individual riot control agent dispenser contains CR solution. It can deliver twenty-five 1-second bursts out to 12 feet. This dispenser is primarily intended for self-defense.
Midsized Riot Control Agent Dispenser (Defense Technology Corp. M37) . Manufacturer- Defense Technology Corp. (MK4 dispenser); Eagle Industries (pouch). Participating Services- Army,Marine,Airforce. The MK4 dispenser contains an all-natural, water-based irritant formula consisting of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray). It can deliver twenty 1-second bursts out to 15 feet.
Squad Riot Control Agent Dispenser . Manufacturer- Defense Technology Corp. (MK4 dispenser); Eagle Industries (pouch). Participating Services -Army, Marines. The inert individual training riot control agent dispenser is used for familiarization and training purposes.
12-Gauge Shotgun With High-Intensity Light Kit. Manufacturer-Mossberg (shotgun); Sure Fire (light kit) . ). Participating Services .Army (Mossberg 500 and light kit); Marines (Mossberg 500). The Mossberg 12-gauge pump-action shotgun carries seven 2¾-inch shells and is equipped with a high-intensity light kit.The high-intensity light, intended for use in low-light or night conditions, can project a beam that enables users to identify individuals up to 1,900 yards away.
12-Gauge Gunstock Carrier. Manufacturer-Eagle Industries. Participating Services Army, Marines, Air Force. The 12-gauge gunstock carrier straps to the stock of a standard military shotgun and holds up to 6 rounds. It is a valuable asset to users engaged in urban or fast-paced operations.
12-Gauge Launching Cup. . Manufacturer-Combined Tactical Systems, Inc. Participating Services-Marines. The 12-gauge launching cup allows the user to fire a rubber sting-ball grenade approximately 75 to 100 meters.
Caltrops . Riot Training Suit -12-Gauge Dummy Round .12-Gauge Point Round.
12-Gauge Area Round . 12-Gauge Diversionary/Flash-Bang Round .40 mm Sponge Point Grenade . 5.56 Point Round . 5.56 Area Round .Diversionary Flash-Bang Stun Hand Grenade .Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke System (LVOSS) .66 mm LVOSS Canister (Rubber Ball) . Manufacturer-66 mm LVOSS Canister (Diversionary/Flash-Bang) . 66 mm Riot Control Grenade (L96A1) . 66 mm Riot Control Training Grenade (L97A1) .Modular Crowd Control Munition .
Sticky Foam. American navy had used this weapon during the United Nations peace keeping operation in 1995 in Somalia. Sticky foam uses some gum like sticky substance that sticks on the body once thrown through a gun. Although such foams are not poisonous at all but once stuck on the body it is very painful to remove the foam.
Skunk. Israeli army uses this non-lethal weapon extensively. Skunk produces intolerable and bad smell among the enemy and compels them to come out from their locations. Israeli army generally uses this weapon to disperse the mob. What is more important with this weapon is that natural organic things like yeast and baking powder has been used to prepare its cell.
Electro-Sock Weapon This type of weapon is very effective to prevent violent mob as they get immediate electrical sock. In this weapon system a very thin flexible wire is thrown through a special gun and when the wire touches some one he gets a strong sock. An electro-sock gun called Teaser is considered very effective and is popular worldwide.
Electro-Magnetic Weapon.This weapon uses radio waves that are capable to disrupt or completely destroy the enemys electronic system making them helpless. American military had used such weapons during the gulf war and had destroyed the enemys communication system.
Sonic weapon.This type of weapon uses sound wave frequency to make the enemy stunned and helpless
The Laser Induced Plasma Channel (aka Invisible Pain Fence)The Laser Induced Plasma Channel, or Portal Denial System, is the kind of electric barrier/force field we've seen in sci-fi for decades. So, it can be set up in a corridor to allow only authorized people to pass through it.
Vortex ring gun works by creating a cone-shaped pocket of supersonic pressurized air. When this hits the target (Read: hippie) it should knock him over.
LRAD 500-x is a dual-purpose device: a powerful hailer and a non-lethal weapon capable of producing ear-shattering sounds highly-damaging to their human targets, it is the aural equivalent to standing 30m away from a roaring jet engine and can cause major hearing damage if misused." Developed for the U.S. Navy in the wake of the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, cruise ship Captain Michael Groves "successfully repelled pirates off the Somali coast using non-lethal weapons including an LRAD.
Venom is essentially a modern version of the old multi-barreled cannon used to fight off boarders in naval actions, but in non-lethal form. It's designed for firing at crowds, and many of the munition options contain sub-projectiles to enhance the "shotgun" effect. These include a load of 24 .60 cal hard rubber stingballs, 160 smaller stingballs, foam batons, and "multi flash bang" projectiles. Venom can also fire CS gas projectiles, but these are strictly off-limits for military operations (unless you happen to work for Blackwater). It can also be used for smoke and marker rounds.
As regards international developments, in 1999 NATO had launched its Defence Capabilities Initiative (DCI) to align military capabilities with new security challenges in which it would be involved such as the intervention in Kosovo.150 As part of this NATOs Research Technology Organisation (RTO), formed in 1998 with the merger of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) and the Defense Research Group (DRG), was tasked with investigating non-lethal weapons technologies
Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University (PSU) tested 80 different projectiles and categorised them in seven broad classes: airfoil; baton (foam, plastic, rubber, styrofoam, wooden); drag-stabilized; encapsulated; fin-stabilized; pads; and pellets. A similar study conducted by the UK Police Scientific and Development Branch (PSDB) evaluated 36 different impact projectiles and only 2 of those were considered sufficiently accurate to be taken forward for further evaluation. Accuracy is a major concern because many of these munitions can cause serious injury or death if they hit a sensitive part of the body such as the head and neck. The 2003 National Research Council report on non-lethal weapons noted: control of trauma level from blunt projectiles remains a serious problem.
The spread of new military weapons technologies to the civilian realm does not seem like a very sensible way to go."
In the Moscow theater siege, at around 16 percent, the lethality of the chemical calmatives was comparable to that of conventional lethal technologies, such as firearms in military combat (typically about 35 percent), artillery (20 percent), or fragmentation grenades (10 percent). In fact, "lethal" chemical weapons are comparable; in World War I, the lethality of gas was about 7 percent. All currently available chemical incapacitating agents would certainly fall into this range in normal use, and thus must be considered lethal technologies, in the same category as traditional chemical weapons.
Part 2nd will be published soon usman karim lmno25@hotmail.com
The stuff of science fiction becoming science fact.
CN TO CS to CR to OC.
This is the world of non-lethal weapons. Different types of non-lethal weapons that are world wise used by the armed forces to capture enemies without doing any blood shed. Step towards the wider marketing and availability of electrical shock weapons
The U.S. Marines are in the forefront of developing, testing and using so-called non-lethal weapons NLW for what is being called domestic crowd control
The new wave of shock technology isnt just around the cornerits already here. Plasma clouds, microwave beams, electrified bulletsmilitary contractors have been developing futuristic new combat technologies into the hands of military, corrections, and law enforcement personnel.
Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) have been around for decades and range from CS gas to pepper spray and from the low-tech water cannon to the Taser, their use by military and police agencies world-wide are designed to ensure compliance from hostile "natives."
The early history of non-lethal weapons development covering the period from the 1960s, when several diverse weapons were first grouped together in one category and described as non-lethal by law enforcement end-users and policymakers, until 1989, just before the hugely increased interest in the field that developed during the 1990s amongst both police and military organisations.
As early as 1972, a report by the U.S. National Science Foundation identified no less than 34 varieties of less-lethal weapons technology then in the research or developmental stages. Among these were electrified water jets; stroboscopic light and pulsed sound weapons; infrasound weapons which would use low-frequency noises inaudible to the human ear; guns for firing drug-filled rounds; "stench darts," which would emit a powerful and unpleasant smell; and a device called an "instant banana peel," designed to make pavement slippery. A later weapon in development at the beginning of the twenty-first century used sticky foam which, when fired at an attacker, made it impossible for the attacker to move
In 2009 more than 4,000 less-lethal weapon are in use by USA and their allies in Kosovo,Afghanistan and IRAQ. India even is not legging behind to develop such weapons. Indian defense research organization DRDO has developed a hand grenade that is equipped with the chili powder and can compel the enemy to drop arms and surrender within minutes. The chili powder used in it has been obtained from the worlds hottest chili Bhut Jolakia.
There is a wide range of NLW available for use, including: Chemical. Tear gas. Pepper spray. It causes an intense burning sensation on the contact area. The use of both tear gas and pepper spray is strictly regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
CS was more rapid in action, more severe in effect, and less toxic. While CN was a
true tear gas affecting the eyes almost exclusively, CS was a general mucosal
irritant, and affected the upper and lower airways as well as the eyes, and was
capable of causing skin blistering and nausea in heavy exposures. CS was first used by the British in Cyprus in 1958-59 and The Vietnam War saw massive use of CS by the US Army.
25 different types of weapon disseminating the irritant agent CS, including heavy munitions ranging up to 155-mm artillery shell and 750-pound aircraft bombs, were
used in Viet Nam. Ultimately more than 15 million pounds of CS were dispensed in
these munitions.
A newer riot control agent, CR (dibenz(b,f)-1:4-oxazepine), which was synthesised by British scientists in 1962, was found to be more potent but less toxic than CS. It was manufactured by the UK Ministry of Defence at a plant in Cornwall between 1968 and 1977. Authorised by the Ministry of Defence for use in Northern Ireland from 1973 and approved by the US Army as a riot control agent in 1974,
Kinetic Energy Impact Projectiles
Developed by the Ministry of Defence for the British Army Introduced in Northern Ireland in July 1970. The L2A2, made of hard rubber (15cm long, 3.5cm in diameter and weighing 140g. From its initial deployment until the end of 1974 over 55,000 rubber bullets were fired in Northern Ireland. A shorter, lighter, more accurate projectile with a PVC outer layer, the plastic bullet (LR L3A1), was developed in 1972 and first used in 1973.
Electrical Weapons
In the 1970s two major studies of non lethal weapons saw electrical weapons as one of the most promising technologies for further development. The final report of the US Army research into non-lethal weapons also argued that electrical weapons offered many advantages over existing chemical and kinetic energy weapons: Some of the advantages are: Broad spectrum of incapacitation, predictable physiological effect,
controllability of dose, rapid incapacitation etc.
Blunt Impact
Rubber bullets/rubber balls. Fired at the ground, they bounce and ricochet off people in a crowd. Square bean bag rounds, cloth pouches filled with pellets. Sock rounds, a bean bag with a fabric tail to stabilize it in flight.
Diversionary
Flash/bang grenades that explode with a bright flash and loud bang. Tasers that deliver an electric shock. High Intensity Directed Acoustics (HIDA), which emit a 3,000-watt blast of disabling noise. Weapons that use light, sound, heat, or smell to halt or disperse suspects.
Anti-vehicle.
Caltrops, metal devices used to deflate tires. Stinger Spike Strips, tiny needles placed in strips on the ground to deflate tires. X-net, a spiked net that can stop vehicles at checkpoints.
M26 Advanced Taser, which can be used to neutralize an individual by means of electric shock. Similarly, electronic riot shields and electroshock batons also use voltage to neutralize attackers. Manufactured since the mid-1980s, electrified riot shields make use of special plates fitted with metal strips. In the handle of the shield is a button which, when pushed, can send as much as 100,000 voltstwice the capacity of an ordinary Taser
During 2000 the US military conducted a yearlong Joint Mission Area Analysis (JMAA) for non-lethal weapons to assess the status of the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program (JNLWP).
Since 1997, the Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) has had the responsibility for developing, testing, standardizing, and preparing for procurement these types of tactical capabilities.its budget was $ 7.3 million dollars now in 2009 $47.6 million with 18 members staff. Most recently, they have been incorporated in nonlethal capability sets (NLCS), of which some 18 exist in the U.S. Army and some 50 in the Marine Corps. Six NLCS were deployed with army units in the Iraq theater.
DoD has deployed less-lethal technology under its Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program since 1995, when civil agencies provided less-lethal weapons and equipment,
(1)Directed Energy Weapons
High Powered Microwave Weapon is an electromagnetic pulse that can burn skin in an instant. It disables equipment. In April 2007, there was an accident with the "Active Denial System 1", which is a pain ray or death ray gun, during a trial at the Moody Air Force Base in Georgia. It was left on and somebody was badly burned. This gun is being used in Iraq, Somalia, Palestine and Afghanistan. microwave pain-infliction system that can be fired from an aircraft.
Silent Guardian. Fixed site or truck-mounted version of ADS for medium range applications 30 kilowatt, > 250 m range. Raytheon Co is manufacturing them
Active Denial System (ADS) which fires a 95-gigahertz beam at its targets. Thus far, what is known about ADS is that people hit by the weapons beam experience a sharp rise in body heat and severe pain within five seconds of contact, an experience that is supposed to prompt targets to run in the other direction the weapon can fire a stream of electricity like water out of a hose at one or many targets in a single sweep. An even more advanced form of the weapon may have a range of more than 300- 750 meter. New Scientist noted that this version would utilize a tabletop-sized laser to produce an intense pulse that would ionize the air itself. The process would produce long, thread-like filaments of glowing plasma that [could] be sustained by repeating the pulse every few milliseconds. The effect would be one of a shock similar to that of one of Tasers 50,000-volt stun guns. AFRL, JNLWD, Raytheon Co manfucatring its
Portable Active Denial System (PADS) Tripod-mounted version of ADS 400 watt, short range. AFRL, DOE, OFT, Raytheon Co.
Handheld Active Denial System. Research towards the development of a handheld Active Denial weapon. DOJ, JNLWD, Raytheon Co.
Pulsed Energy Projectile (PEP) used to be called the Pulsed Impulsive Kill Laser, before they toned it down for PR reasons (and because the acronym is basically "pickle"). It's mounted on a truck, plane or helicopter and fires an invisible laser pulse at a target. On impact the pulse creates exploding plasma, which is exactly as painful as it sounds. It's having five flash grenades strapped to your head and then exploded at once.).Main devolpers- JNLWD, Mission Research Corp.
Personnel Halting and Stimulation Response (PHaSR) Laser weapon employing two
wavelengths, one to dazzle the other to repel (possibly with heat). Formerly known as Portable Efficient Laser Testbed (PELT). AFRL, JNLWD.
Dissuader Laser Illuminator Flashlight sized red laser diode dazzling weapon that causes glare or flash blindness but can cause permanent eye damage at close range (SEA Technology).uses -Airforce
Various green laser dazzling weapons . Hand-held or weapon-mounted green laser dazzling weapons approved for use by the Army include: XADS PD/G-105 (Xtreme Alternative Defense Systems Ltd.), MiniGreen, GBD-IIIC (BE Myers & Co. Inc.), HELIOS, and GHOST.USER-army
V2K is electromagnetic energy for mind control to create mass murderers such as soldiers. These include (1) a neuro-electromagnetic device that transmits microwave radiation sound pulses into a persons skull; and (2) a silent sound device that transmits subliminal voice or audio messages into the persons skull.
Kinetic.) Mk19 Non- Lethal Munition (NLM). Blunt trauma munition containing 1-3 plastic projectiles fired from Mk19 grenade machine gun. Ring Airfoil Projectile (RAP) also a potential payload. Long range version under development with flashbang payload.. ARDEC, JNLWD Main Developers
(i) 12 gauge shotgun Rounds Fin stabilised rubber, wooden, multiple rubber balls (Defense Technology Corp.), beanbag, dye containing (Technical Solutions Group) Users Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard
(ii) 40mm M203 grenade launcher rounds Multiple rubber balls, foam rubber baton (Defense Technology Corp.), sponge tip grenade (AMTEC) Users Army, Marines,
Navy, Air Force
(iii) Rubber ball grenade Hand grenade containing multiple rubber balls (Combined Tactical Systems) Marines, Navy, Air Force
(iv) Rifle-launched rounds Multiple rubber balls point, multiple rubber balls area rounds delivered at ranges of 30-80 metres (Alliant Techsystems) Users Army
(v) 66 mm grenade Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke System (LVOSS). 66mm multiple rubber ball grenade delivered at ranges of 80-100 metres (PW Defence). Users Army, Marines
(vi) Modular Crowd Control Munition (MCCM). Variant of claymore anti-personnel mine delivering rubber balls (Lone Star). Users Army
Kinetic / Chemical (i) FN303 System (called the Individual Serviceman Non- Lethal System (ISNLS) by the military). Compressed air launcher firing projectiles various projectiles with different payloads (solid kinetic impact, containing OC, and containing paint) (FN Herstal). ). Users Army, Marines,
Military Police
(ii) Oloeresin capsicum (OC) spray, Various spray devices from small short range to large with range of 25 ft or more (Defense Technology Corp.) Army, Marines, Air Force
(iii) CR spray. Various spray devices from small short range to large with range of 25 ft or more (ACALA).
USER Army
(iv) Grenade for 66mm Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke System (LVOSS). 66mm L96A1 CS grenade with range of 65-95 metres (PW Defence). Users Army
The 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) are the principal international legal instruments against CBW. If any chemical or biological substance including toxins and, in principle, various pharmacologically active drugswere used for hostile purposes or in armed conflict or as a method of warfare it would constitute a violation of the BTWC and the CWC, respectively. The BTWC has weak verification mechanisms, while the CWC has quite strong verification mechanisms and procedures.
Irritant chemical agents such as CS and oleoresin capsicum (OC) or pepper spray continue to be used widely by police forces across the world, delivered by various spray devices, frangible projectiles, shells and grenades. One of the most significant developments in recent years has been an increase in the usage of pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA), a synthetic version of OC that is more potent and than the natural product and less variable in its potency. It is used widely by law enforcement organizations in North America and some European countries, including police forces in the UK who now use both CS and PAVA sprays and the US military is also investigating its use. There are enduring concerns over the safety and health effects of irritant chemical weapons and the variability of different products. For example, a study by the Medical Toxicology Unit of Guys and St. Thomas Hospital in London published in 2004 found that the specific CS sprays used by UK police forces may cause more adverse and long-lasting effects than other sprays
NLWs are now considered for the full spectrum of conflict from major theatre wars to small-scale contingencies, fighting piracy, peacetime operations and homeland defence. NLWs function in three areas to achieve counter-personnel, -materiel, and -capability objectives (i.e. incapacitating people and equipment, and disabling or neutralizing facilities and systems). NLW technologies include: (a) acoustic systems;
(b) Chemicals, including malodorants and riot control, anti-traction and lubricating agents; (c) communication systems; (d) information technologies; (e) optical devices; ( f ) munitions; and (g) non-penetrating projectiles. 50,000-volt stun guns.
Taser Remote Area Denial (T-RAD) Tasernet can capture digital facial scans, allowing authorized users through the forcefield. According to Tasers press release, the T-RAD, based on the Taser X26 core technology, is designed to be deployed at checkpoints, facility perimeters, embassies, airports, and other critical infrastructures. The weapon is expected to be ready for deployment in 2008.
Non-lethal is still the operative term with all of these new weapons, but civilian experience with Taser stun guns shows that non-lethal means usually not lethal. Since 2001, roughly 200 people have died after being stunned with Tasers. Taser International, Inc., attributes all of the deaths to other causes, including acute intoxication and excited delirium. The U.S. Department of Justice has launched an investigation to review some of those deaths. The rapid evolution of electricity-based weaponry raises concerns for abuse by governments and law enforcement agencies that have already demonstrated a propensity to use electrical shock weaponry as a form of torture.
Improved Acoustic Hailing Device (IAHD)
The IAHD can issue either voice commands or warning tones up to a range of 300 meters. The IAHD can operate from the ground or while mounted on
vehicles or vessels.
Joint Non-Lethal Warning Munitions (JNLWM)
Twelve-gauge shotguns and 40mm launchers can fire Joint Non-Lethal Warning Munitions that emit an airburst warning of light, sound and smoke. The munitions deliver these non-lethal effects out to ranges of 100 to 300 meters. Military personnel can use these munitions for boarding suspicious vessels, for crowd dispersal and for convoy security applications.
Mk 19 Non-Lethal Munitions (NLM)
Mk19 Non-Lethal Munitions use a ring airfoil plastic projectile to apply blunt trauma when fired from the Mk19 rapid-fire Automatic Grenade Machine Gun, Production and deployment of Mk19 Non-Lethal Munitions is scheduled for 2010.
Distributed Sound and Light Array (DSLA)
The DSLA is a state-of-the-art system in hailing and warning technology. Still in the development stage, the DSLA delivers high output sound plus a powerful green laser, and focused intense bright white lights. The combined effect of the sound and light is far greater than either effect used independently. The DSLA has an effective range up to 5,000 meters, greater than any other hailing and warning system currently available.
Improved Flash Bang Grenade (IFBG)
Research and development efforts indicate the Improved Flash-Bang Grenade, which is scheduled to be fielded in FY11, is more effective and safer than current flash-bang grenades. The IFBG now produces a louder and more resonant bang and a longer and brighter flash. In addition, the removal of salts used to create the explosion has made the IFBG safer for the environment than previous flash-bang munitions.
Airburst Non Lethal Munitions (ANLM)
ANLM are low-velocity munitions that delivers an airburst flash-bang effect with a range between 35 and 300 meters. ANLM is scheduled to be fielded in FY11 being developed for use with several different weapons, including the MK19 and the M203
Mission Payload Module - Non-Lethal Weapon System (MPM-NLWS)
Researchers are testing the delivery of non-lethal payloads from two tube launcher systems. The MPM-NLWS multiple tube design allows the firing of several caliber and types of payloads. The system can operate from the ground or while mounted on vehicles or vessels. Potential non-lethal payloads include illumination, warning and disabling flash-bangs, smoke, blunt-impact munitions and training rounds. Because it can launch multiple non-lethal rounds over a large area, the MPM-NLWS is well suited for convoy security, crowd dispersal, maritime security, homeland defense, urban environments
and area denial.
Laser Windshield Obscuration
The goal of this project is to develop a prototype laser system capable of obscuring a vehicle windshield at long ranges. This capability would cause drivers to slow or stop their vehicles, thus giving troops the time and distance they need to determine a drivers intent. Current project objectives include overcoming the challenges of windshield absorption and transmission of the laser through the atmosphere. Technology development during FY09-11 will incorporate mature laser technology and could potentially lead to a fielded capability by FY14.
INDIVIDUAL SERVICEMAN NON-LETHAL SYSTEM
The Individual Serviceman Non-Lethal System (ISNLS) is an evolving non-lethal weapon concept currently supported by the commercial-off-the-shelf FN303 Less Lethal Launcher. The launcher is made from a durable, lightweight polymer with flip-up iron sights and an integrated Picatinny 1913 rail for mounting red dot sights
VEHICLE LIGHTWEIGHT ARRESTING DEVICE
The Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device (VLAD) is a pre-emplaced net, that is man-portable and equipped with a unique barbed spike system that stops cars and trucks traveling at high rates of speed. The counter-material device offers significant improvement in warfighter protection capability by providing an easily transportable, quickly emplaced, wheeled vehicle stopping system
The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), in its migrant and drug operations, is using both Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Aerosol and Pepperball Systems to enforce order and compliance during volatile close quarters encounters.
The USCG is using the Running Gear Entanglement System (RGES) to intercept drug smugglers and illegal migrant boats in or near the coastal waters of the United States.
The FN-303 Less Lethal Launching System is being used as perimeter security weapon around several operating bases in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraq Freedom (OIF) to keep civilians from breaching base perimeters, prevent theft of the fencing around the perimeters and marking individuals for later apprehension.
During OPERATION SECURE TOMORROW, the Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device (VLAD) was used successfully to stop vehicles during nighttime curfew hours in Haiti. The VLAD was also successfully used in Iraq and Afghanistan
Non-lethal weapons which are currently fielded include:
Optical distractors These are non-blinding laser devices that use highly directional optical energy to temporarily overwhelm an adversary's visual sense; provide an unequivocal, non-verbal warning; or provide the target an opportunity to clarify intent.
12-gauge munitions These are fin stabilized point and area projectiles that are considered blunt imact munitions and are fired from a 12-guage shot gun.
40mm munitions These are point and area rounds that are shot from the M-16 mounted, M203, and are also considered blunt impact munitions.
Caltrops This is a metal device with four projecting spikes so arranged that when three of the spikes are on the ground, the fourth points upward, and is used as a hazard to pneumatic tires
Magnum spike strips These are tire deflation devices that disable vehicles quickly while ensuring the safety of service members and targets
Sting ball grenades- These produce a loud sound, a bright flash of light, and distribute a large number of small rubber pellets for crowd control or personnel incapacitation, or to clear facilities of personnel. They are hand thrown or shotgun launched.
Oleoresin capsicum This is a chemical compound commonly known as pepper spray that irritates the eyes to cause tears and pain.
Nonballistic Face Shield. Manufacturer: Paulson Participating Services: Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard,The nonballistic face shield provides face protection against a wide range of threats (e.g., debris, liquids, hand-thrown objects). Nonballistic Body Shield . Manufacturer: Armadillo, Participating Services: Army, Air Force .The shield provides body protection against a wide range of threats (e.g., debris, liquids, hand-thrown objects
Riot Shield (Armadillo) Manufacturer: Paulson, Participating Services: Army, Air Force .The shield provides body protection against a wide range of threats (e.g., debris, liquids, hand-thrown objects .
Nonballistic Riot Shinguards . Manufacturer Champro Sports Equipment, Participating Services: Army, Air Force ,Marine . Champro shinguards protect the legs of riot control forces. These hard plastic guards feature calf and ankle wings, a double reinforced knee, and a full-length padded liner.
Ballistic Face Shield .Manufacturer- Protech Armor Products,Participating Services-Army. Protechs ballistic face shield provides full facial protection for threats up to a 124-grain 9 mm round.
Ballistic Body Shield With Light Kit . Manufacturer- Protech Armor Products, Participating Services-Army This 18-pound, 20- by 36-inch shield is manufactured from Spectra Shield bullet-resistant material to provide level-IIIA protection (9 mm and .44 Magnum pistol rounds). The ballistic viewport is 4 by 16 inches. The light kit requires two 3-volt lithium batteries.
Ballistic Riot Shinguards Manufacturer - Protective Materials Co. Participating Services- Army. These standard black guards, manufactured from Kevlar KM2, provide level-IIIA protection (9 mm and .44 Magnum pistol rounds). They are available in three sizes and weigh from 7 to 10 pounds per pair.
Wooden Baton . Manufacturer-Government Issue, . Participating Services- Army,Airforce. Description: This solid hickory 36-inch baton is manufactured with a standard leather carrying strap. The baton is used for fast defense and for holding off crowds in conflict situations.
Portable Bullhorn . Manufacturer-Able 2, Participating Services- Army,Airforce, Marine. Participating Services- Army,Airforce. The portable bullhorn provides critical communication capability for crowd control. It projects over crowd noise, enabling the user to communicate with crowds and to communicate commands to troops engaged in crowd control.
Ground-Mounted Bullhorn Manufacturer- Anchor Audio, Participating Services- Army. The ground-mounted bullhorn provides critical communication capability for crowd control. It projects over crowd noise, enabling the user to communicate with crowds and to communicate commands to troops engaged in crowd control.
Individual Voice Amplification System (M7). Manufacturer- AudioPack Sound Systems- Participating Services- Army. The M7 is fitted to the M40 protective mask to aid oral communication and to increase the users ability to communicate using radios and other equipment. It requires a 9-volt battery.
Disposable Restraint System (NIK Public Safety) . Manufacturer- NIK Public Safety, Participating Services- Army, Air Force. Soldiers use these disposable restraints to immobilize individuals. A single soldier can carry a large number of them.
Individual Riot Control Agent Dispenser With Carry Pouch (ACALA M36) . Manufacturer- Monadnock- Participating Services- Marines, Air Force. These cuffs have a tensile strength of 250 pounds and feature two ½-inch-wide plastic straps that allow for standard handcuffing techniques.
Inert Riot Control Agent Dispenser. Manufacturer- ACALA (M36 dispenser);
Eagle Industries (pouch) . Participating Services- Army .This M36 individual riot control agent dispenser contains CR solution. It can deliver twenty-five 1-second bursts out to 12 feet. This dispenser is primarily intended for self-defense.
Midsized Riot Control Agent Dispenser (Defense Technology Corp. M37) . Manufacturer- Defense Technology Corp. (MK4 dispenser); Eagle Industries (pouch). Participating Services- Army,Marine,Airforce. The MK4 dispenser contains an all-natural, water-based irritant formula consisting of oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray). It can deliver twenty 1-second bursts out to 15 feet.
Squad Riot Control Agent Dispenser . Manufacturer- Defense Technology Corp. (MK4 dispenser); Eagle Industries (pouch). Participating Services -Army, Marines. The inert individual training riot control agent dispenser is used for familiarization and training purposes.
12-Gauge Shotgun With High-Intensity Light Kit. Manufacturer-Mossberg (shotgun); Sure Fire (light kit) . ). Participating Services .Army (Mossberg 500 and light kit); Marines (Mossberg 500). The Mossberg 12-gauge pump-action shotgun carries seven 2¾-inch shells and is equipped with a high-intensity light kit.The high-intensity light, intended for use in low-light or night conditions, can project a beam that enables users to identify individuals up to 1,900 yards away.
12-Gauge Gunstock Carrier. Manufacturer-Eagle Industries. Participating Services Army, Marines, Air Force. The 12-gauge gunstock carrier straps to the stock of a standard military shotgun and holds up to 6 rounds. It is a valuable asset to users engaged in urban or fast-paced operations.
12-Gauge Launching Cup. . Manufacturer-Combined Tactical Systems, Inc. Participating Services-Marines. The 12-gauge launching cup allows the user to fire a rubber sting-ball grenade approximately 75 to 100 meters.
Caltrops . Riot Training Suit -12-Gauge Dummy Round .12-Gauge Point Round.
12-Gauge Area Round . 12-Gauge Diversionary/Flash-Bang Round .40 mm Sponge Point Grenade . 5.56 Point Round . 5.56 Area Round .Diversionary Flash-Bang Stun Hand Grenade .Light Vehicle Obscurant Smoke System (LVOSS) .66 mm LVOSS Canister (Rubber Ball) . Manufacturer-66 mm LVOSS Canister (Diversionary/Flash-Bang) . 66 mm Riot Control Grenade (L96A1) . 66 mm Riot Control Training Grenade (L97A1) .Modular Crowd Control Munition .
Sticky Foam. American navy had used this weapon during the United Nations peace keeping operation in 1995 in Somalia. Sticky foam uses some gum like sticky substance that sticks on the body once thrown through a gun. Although such foams are not poisonous at all but once stuck on the body it is very painful to remove the foam.
Skunk. Israeli army uses this non-lethal weapon extensively. Skunk produces intolerable and bad smell among the enemy and compels them to come out from their locations. Israeli army generally uses this weapon to disperse the mob. What is more important with this weapon is that natural organic things like yeast and baking powder has been used to prepare its cell.
Electro-Sock Weapon This type of weapon is very effective to prevent violent mob as they get immediate electrical sock. In this weapon system a very thin flexible wire is thrown through a special gun and when the wire touches some one he gets a strong sock. An electro-sock gun called Teaser is considered very effective and is popular worldwide.
Electro-Magnetic Weapon.This weapon uses radio waves that are capable to disrupt or completely destroy the enemys electronic system making them helpless. American military had used such weapons during the gulf war and had destroyed the enemys communication system.
Sonic weapon.This type of weapon uses sound wave frequency to make the enemy stunned and helpless
The Laser Induced Plasma Channel (aka Invisible Pain Fence)The Laser Induced Plasma Channel, or Portal Denial System, is the kind of electric barrier/force field we've seen in sci-fi for decades. So, it can be set up in a corridor to allow only authorized people to pass through it.
Vortex ring gun works by creating a cone-shaped pocket of supersonic pressurized air. When this hits the target (Read: hippie) it should knock him over.
LRAD 500-x is a dual-purpose device: a powerful hailer and a non-lethal weapon capable of producing ear-shattering sounds highly-damaging to their human targets, it is the aural equivalent to standing 30m away from a roaring jet engine and can cause major hearing damage if misused." Developed for the U.S. Navy in the wake of the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, cruise ship Captain Michael Groves "successfully repelled pirates off the Somali coast using non-lethal weapons including an LRAD.
Venom is essentially a modern version of the old multi-barreled cannon used to fight off boarders in naval actions, but in non-lethal form. It's designed for firing at crowds, and many of the munition options contain sub-projectiles to enhance the "shotgun" effect. These include a load of 24 .60 cal hard rubber stingballs, 160 smaller stingballs, foam batons, and "multi flash bang" projectiles. Venom can also fire CS gas projectiles, but these are strictly off-limits for military operations (unless you happen to work for Blackwater). It can also be used for smoke and marker rounds.
As regards international developments, in 1999 NATO had launched its Defence Capabilities Initiative (DCI) to align military capabilities with new security challenges in which it would be involved such as the intervention in Kosovo.150 As part of this NATOs Research Technology Organisation (RTO), formed in 1998 with the merger of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) and the Defense Research Group (DRG), was tasked with investigating non-lethal weapons technologies
Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University (PSU) tested 80 different projectiles and categorised them in seven broad classes: airfoil; baton (foam, plastic, rubber, styrofoam, wooden); drag-stabilized; encapsulated; fin-stabilized; pads; and pellets. A similar study conducted by the UK Police Scientific and Development Branch (PSDB) evaluated 36 different impact projectiles and only 2 of those were considered sufficiently accurate to be taken forward for further evaluation. Accuracy is a major concern because many of these munitions can cause serious injury or death if they hit a sensitive part of the body such as the head and neck. The 2003 National Research Council report on non-lethal weapons noted: control of trauma level from blunt projectiles remains a serious problem.
The spread of new military weapons technologies to the civilian realm does not seem like a very sensible way to go."
In the Moscow theater siege, at around 16 percent, the lethality of the chemical calmatives was comparable to that of conventional lethal technologies, such as firearms in military combat (typically about 35 percent), artillery (20 percent), or fragmentation grenades (10 percent). In fact, "lethal" chemical weapons are comparable; in World War I, the lethality of gas was about 7 percent. All currently available chemical incapacitating agents would certainly fall into this range in normal use, and thus must be considered lethal technologies, in the same category as traditional chemical weapons.
Part 2nd will be published soon usman karim lmno25@hotmail.com
