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Today, Nature publishes the annual list of the 2019 Nature Index, which evaluates the scientific research capabilities of countries, research institutes, and universities around the world based on the number of papers published in 82 top journals around the world. The Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked first in the comprehensive list, and Peking University and Tsinghua University all entered the top ten. More than 17 universities entered the top 100, and China's scientific research strength grew strongly.
The Nature Index is a database of the number of papers published by the major universities and research institutions (countries) in the most influential academic journals in the world according to 82 top journals around the world.
Using this database, rankings and journals can be indexed based on the number and type of papers published by each institution.
2019 Natural Index Highlights:
In the national rankings, the United States still dominates its dominance. Although China ranks second, it has the fastest growth;
In the comprehensive list of “Top 10 Research Institutions in the World”, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked first, and Peking University squeezed the top ten from the University of California at Berkeley;
In the “Top 10 Academic Institutions of the World” list, Harvard, Stanford and MIT have been ranked in the top three for four consecutive years, and Peking University and Tsinghua University ranked sixth and ninth;
China's scientific research strength has grown strongly, with 17 universities entering the global Top 100.
Among the Top 10 countries that dominate natural science research in the world, the United States remains the hegemon, but China is occupying more and more space and is beginning to squeeze the academic power of Europe.
Top 10 countries are:
United States (19,596.14)
China (11025.52)
Germany (4394.32)
United Kingdom (3593.76)
Japan (2940.68)
France (2109.06)
Canada (1559.53)
Switzerland (1349.66)
South Korea (1304.75)
Australia (1213.90)
The top seven countries have remained in the same rankings for the past three years, with Switzerland replacing South Korea as the eighth and Australia replacing Spain with the 10th. As shown in the figure below, the area of the rectangle is proportional to the score of each country (FCY).
However, from the perspective of FC scores, China scored the most points between 2017 and 2018, followed by Australia. Although the United States ranked first in the total score, the score dropped a lot compared to the previous year.
Of the top 50 global organizations with the highest increase in FC scores in the past three years, 42 are Chinese institutions.
Here are the Top 5 institutions with the highest score increase:
Chinese Academy of Sciences University
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Tsinghua University
Nanjing University
Sichuan University
2018 Global Top 10 Research Institute: The Chinese Academy of Sciences ranks first, and Peking University squeezes UC Berkeley on the list
Among the publications tracked by the Natural Index in 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked first in terms of contribution. As the national research institution of China and the largest research institution in the world, the number of publications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is also the fastest growing among the Top 10 institutions.
Peking University's ranking has risen, ranking first among the world's leading research institutions in the Natural Index. It jumped two in a year and squeezed the top ten from the University of California at Berkeley.
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Score: 1,678.64 (7.5%) †, number of articles: 4768
By measuring the output of high-quality research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has become the highest ranked research institution in the Natural Index with a high score of 1678.64. In 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had about 60,000 researchers, almost twice as many as the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), which employed 33,000 researchers last year.
According to the annual financial report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences spent 32.23 billion yuan (US$4.6 billion) on scientific research. It has many large research facilities, many of which are the largest in the world, such as the 500-meter spherical radio telescope in Guizhou Province.
In the 2019 Natural Index Chronology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is also among the best in the categories of physical sciences, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, and government agencies.
2. Harvard University
Score: 845.54 (- 8.6%), number of articles: 2290
Harvard University ranks second in the 2019 Natural Index chronology, ranking first among academic institutions, life sciences, nature, and science, with a leading record in high-quality research output. It also ranks seventh in the physics list.
As one of the oldest universities in the United States, Harvard University has trained many well-known alumni, including 48 Nobel laureates, 32 heads of state and 48 Pulitzer Prize winners. Harvard's annual research funding is $887 million (2018-19) and 2,280 full-time faculty members.
Two-thirds of Harvard's research results come from the life sciences, thanks in part to Harvard Medical School. There are 15 Nobel Prize winners among Harvard Medical School's current faculty and alumni.
3. Max Planck Society
Score: 743.33 (- 2.3%), number of articles: 2368
The Max Planck Institute is based in Munich and has 84 research institutes and more than 23,000 employees, of which scientists account for 33% of the total workforce. In the natural index, the Max Planck Institute maintained its position as the third-largest quality research institution for two consecutive years. The 100-year-old society, whose physical sciences and life sciences account for two-thirds of the output.
In 2017, the Max Planck Society's annual budget reached $1.9 billion, most of which was funded by the federal government. In addition to basic research, it has more than 4,000 inventions and 120 companies, including ProteoPlex, which develops protein analysis technology.
Last year, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute co-authored a paper that proved that the world's oldest cave paintings were created by Neanderthals, not humans. The paper published in Science is mentioned by more than 200 news media and more than 1,000 tweets.
4. French National Science Research Center
Score: 678.94 (- 8.1%), number of articles: 3992
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), led by computer scientist Antoine Petit, was recently assigned to coordinate research to help rebuild Notre Dame. This includes modeling, framework and material assessment, as well as anthropological research on how local residents experience recent fires and their consequences.
With more than 15,000 researchers, 14,000 engineers and approximately 4,000 technicians, the French National Centre for Scientific Research is the only multidisciplinary research institution in France.
CNRS focuses on basic research and aims to extend the knowledge of natural and social phenomena to a wider range, from cell biology and cognitive science to Roman law and gender stereotypes. The agency was also shortlisted for the 2019 Natural Index's Chemical, Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences and government agencies' Top 10 list.
5. Stanford University
Score: 604.05 (- 3.7%), number of articles: 1460
Founded in 1885, Stanford University is one of the world's most prestigious universities. Its 33.1 square kilometer campus on the San Francisco Peninsula is now one of the largest in the United States, with 2,240 teachers and more than 16,000 students in 18 Independent laboratories, centers and research institutes. Stanford University is known for its close ties to Silicon Valley. Stanford University ranks 5th in the comprehensive list of natural index research institutions, second in the academic institutions list, and ranks in the top 10 in the chemical, physical sciences, life sciences, and natural sciences categories.
6. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Score: 552.57 (2%), number of articles: 1659
Founded in 1861, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has become one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher education with the development of American industrialization. Its alumni, faculty, and researchers have 90 Nobel Prizes. , 15 Turing Award winners and 41 astronauts.
MIT emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, applied science and close ties with the industry, which encourages a strong entrepreneurial culture. A recent MIT report estimated that as of 2014, 30,000 companies founded by alumni were active around the world, employing 4.6 million people and earning $1.9 trillion in annual revenue – the tenth largest economy in the world.
In the 2019 Nature Index "Academic Institutions" list, MIT ranked third, ranking sixth in the research organization's comprehensive list.
7. Helmholtz National Research Center Federation, Germany
Score: 47.72 (- 8.3%), number of articles: 1995
Since its inception in 1995, the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers has become Germany's largest scientific organization with more than 40,000 employees and an annual budget of 4.7 billion euros. Physical science accounts for more than a third of its research output.
In addition to producing high-quality science in its 19 research centers, Helmholtz has established strong links with the world, and international partnerships account for about 70% of its cooperation. The agency attracts approximately 10,000 visiting scientists and international staff from more than 30 countries.
8. Cambridge University
Score: 431.75 (1.2%), number of articles: 1258
With more than 800 years of history, the University of Cambridge is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world and one of the most prestigious institutions of higher education.
Since the establishment of the University of Cambridge in 1209, more than 100 people have won the Nobel Prize. It also claims to be involved in the creation of approximately 1,500 technology companies, 14 of which are valued at more than $1 billion, and the other two are valued at more than $10 billion. It has the largest physics department in the UK and is the birthplace of pioneering work such as DNA structure identification and atomic division.
9. University of Tokyo
Score: 426.71 (- 11.2%), number of articles: 1,085
The University of Tokyo is the oldest and largest national university in Japan and has trained many famous alumni, including 15 prime ministers, 10 Nobel laureates and 5 astronauts. Since its inception in 1877, it has grown to become one of the most prestigious universities in the world.
From 2013 to 2017, the University of Tokyo received 358,373 papers and ranked in the top ten academic institutions and physics in the 2018 Nature Index.
In recent years, the University of Tokyo has paid more and more attention to opening the door to the outside world through international cooperation. The center's research staff exchange program includes more than 15,000 scholars, most of whom are from the United States, but also maintain close ties with China, South Korea and other Asian countries.
10. Peking University
Score: 403.74 (0.4%), number of articles: 1396
Founded in 1898, Peking University is the first public comprehensive university in China. Since then, it has been considered one of the two best universities in China, alongside Tsinghua University. Peking University is located in Haidian District, Beijing, adjacent to Yuanmingyuan and the Summer Palace.
In 2018, Peking University ranked 5th, 11th, 11th, and 40th in the fields of chemistry, physics, earth and environmental science, and life sciences of the Natural Index. Its budget is much more limited than Tsinghua University: in 2018 and 2019, its total budget was 12.55 billion yuan ($1.82 billion) and 19 billion yuan.
A number of recent papers published by Peking University researchers have led to extensive discussions, including an analysis of the global beer supply expected to decline due to extreme drought and high temperatures (Nature-Plant, 2018), and It is found that the curvature of the Milky Way is far beyond the previous imagination (Nature-Astronomy, 2019).
Finally, in the Natural Index 2019, China has 17 universities/institutions in the recent global Top 100 list:
参考资料：
Top 10研究机构：
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01922-z
Top 10学术机构：
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01923-y
Nature Index完整表单：
https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2019/institution/all/all
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fVCL3CJEYbdH8Fr-iunncw
The Nature Index is a database of the number of papers published by the major universities and research institutions (countries) in the most influential academic journals in the world according to 82 top journals around the world.
Using this database, rankings and journals can be indexed based on the number and type of papers published by each institution.
2019 Natural Index Highlights:
In the national rankings, the United States still dominates its dominance. Although China ranks second, it has the fastest growth;
In the comprehensive list of “Top 10 Research Institutions in the World”, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked first, and Peking University squeezed the top ten from the University of California at Berkeley;
In the “Top 10 Academic Institutions of the World” list, Harvard, Stanford and MIT have been ranked in the top three for four consecutive years, and Peking University and Tsinghua University ranked sixth and ninth;
China's scientific research strength has grown strongly, with 17 universities entering the global Top 100.
Among the Top 10 countries that dominate natural science research in the world, the United States remains the hegemon, but China is occupying more and more space and is beginning to squeeze the academic power of Europe.
Top 10 countries are:
United States (19,596.14)
China (11025.52)
Germany (4394.32)
United Kingdom (3593.76)
Japan (2940.68)
France (2109.06)
Canada (1559.53)
Switzerland (1349.66)
South Korea (1304.75)
Australia (1213.90)
The top seven countries have remained in the same rankings for the past three years, with Switzerland replacing South Korea as the eighth and Australia replacing Spain with the 10th. As shown in the figure below, the area of the rectangle is proportional to the score of each country (FCY).
Top 10 countries in global natural science research
However, from the perspective of FC scores, China scored the most points between 2017 and 2018, followed by Australia. Although the United States ranked first in the total score, the score dropped a lot compared to the previous year.
Top 10 countries' FC score changes
Of the top 50 global organizations with the highest increase in FC scores in the past three years, 42 are Chinese institutions.
Here are the Top 5 institutions with the highest score increase:
Chinese Academy of Sciences University
Shanghai Jiaotong University
Tsinghua University
Nanjing University
Sichuan University
2018 Global Top 10 Research Institute: The Chinese Academy of Sciences ranks first, and Peking University squeezes UC Berkeley on the list
Among the publications tracked by the Natural Index in 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked first in terms of contribution. As the national research institution of China and the largest research institution in the world, the number of publications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is also the fastest growing among the Top 10 institutions.
Peking University's ranking has risen, ranking first among the world's leading research institutions in the Natural Index. It jumped two in a year and squeezed the top ten from the University of California at Berkeley.
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Score: 1,678.64 (7.5%) †, number of articles: 4768
By measuring the output of high-quality research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has become the highest ranked research institution in the Natural Index with a high score of 1678.64. In 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had about 60,000 researchers, almost twice as many as the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), which employed 33,000 researchers last year.
According to the annual financial report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences spent 32.23 billion yuan (US$4.6 billion) on scientific research. It has many large research facilities, many of which are the largest in the world, such as the 500-meter spherical radio telescope in Guizhou Province.
In the 2019 Natural Index Chronology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is also among the best in the categories of physical sciences, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, and government agencies.
2. Harvard University
Score: 845.54 (- 8.6%), number of articles: 2290
Harvard University ranks second in the 2019 Natural Index chronology, ranking first among academic institutions, life sciences, nature, and science, with a leading record in high-quality research output. It also ranks seventh in the physics list.
As one of the oldest universities in the United States, Harvard University has trained many well-known alumni, including 48 Nobel laureates, 32 heads of state and 48 Pulitzer Prize winners. Harvard's annual research funding is $887 million (2018-19) and 2,280 full-time faculty members.
Two-thirds of Harvard's research results come from the life sciences, thanks in part to Harvard Medical School. There are 15 Nobel Prize winners among Harvard Medical School's current faculty and alumni.
3. Max Planck Society
Score: 743.33 (- 2.3%), number of articles: 2368
The Max Planck Institute is based in Munich and has 84 research institutes and more than 23,000 employees, of which scientists account for 33% of the total workforce. In the natural index, the Max Planck Institute maintained its position as the third-largest quality research institution for two consecutive years. The 100-year-old society, whose physical sciences and life sciences account for two-thirds of the output.
In 2017, the Max Planck Society's annual budget reached $1.9 billion, most of which was funded by the federal government. In addition to basic research, it has more than 4,000 inventions and 120 companies, including ProteoPlex, which develops protein analysis technology.
Last year, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute co-authored a paper that proved that the world's oldest cave paintings were created by Neanderthals, not humans. The paper published in Science is mentioned by more than 200 news media and more than 1,000 tweets.
4. French National Science Research Center
Score: 678.94 (- 8.1%), number of articles: 3992
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), led by computer scientist Antoine Petit, was recently assigned to coordinate research to help rebuild Notre Dame. This includes modeling, framework and material assessment, as well as anthropological research on how local residents experience recent fires and their consequences.
With more than 15,000 researchers, 14,000 engineers and approximately 4,000 technicians, the French National Centre for Scientific Research is the only multidisciplinary research institution in France.
CNRS focuses on basic research and aims to extend the knowledge of natural and social phenomena to a wider range, from cell biology and cognitive science to Roman law and gender stereotypes. The agency was also shortlisted for the 2019 Natural Index's Chemical, Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences and government agencies' Top 10 list.
5. Stanford University
Score: 604.05 (- 3.7%), number of articles: 1460
Founded in 1885, Stanford University is one of the world's most prestigious universities. Its 33.1 square kilometer campus on the San Francisco Peninsula is now one of the largest in the United States, with 2,240 teachers and more than 16,000 students in 18 Independent laboratories, centers and research institutes. Stanford University is known for its close ties to Silicon Valley. Stanford University ranks 5th in the comprehensive list of natural index research institutions, second in the academic institutions list, and ranks in the top 10 in the chemical, physical sciences, life sciences, and natural sciences categories.
6. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Score: 552.57 (2%), number of articles: 1659
Founded in 1861, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has become one of the world's most prestigious institutions of higher education with the development of American industrialization. Its alumni, faculty, and researchers have 90 Nobel Prizes. , 15 Turing Award winners and 41 astronauts.
MIT emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, applied science and close ties with the industry, which encourages a strong entrepreneurial culture. A recent MIT report estimated that as of 2014, 30,000 companies founded by alumni were active around the world, employing 4.6 million people and earning $1.9 trillion in annual revenue – the tenth largest economy in the world.
In the 2019 Nature Index "Academic Institutions" list, MIT ranked third, ranking sixth in the research organization's comprehensive list.
7. Helmholtz National Research Center Federation, Germany
Score: 47.72 (- 8.3%), number of articles: 1995
Since its inception in 1995, the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers has become Germany's largest scientific organization with more than 40,000 employees and an annual budget of 4.7 billion euros. Physical science accounts for more than a third of its research output.
In addition to producing high-quality science in its 19 research centers, Helmholtz has established strong links with the world, and international partnerships account for about 70% of its cooperation. The agency attracts approximately 10,000 visiting scientists and international staff from more than 30 countries.
8. Cambridge University
Score: 431.75 (1.2%), number of articles: 1258
With more than 800 years of history, the University of Cambridge is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world and one of the most prestigious institutions of higher education.
Since the establishment of the University of Cambridge in 1209, more than 100 people have won the Nobel Prize. It also claims to be involved in the creation of approximately 1,500 technology companies, 14 of which are valued at more than $1 billion, and the other two are valued at more than $10 billion. It has the largest physics department in the UK and is the birthplace of pioneering work such as DNA structure identification and atomic division.
9. University of Tokyo
Score: 426.71 (- 11.2%), number of articles: 1,085
The University of Tokyo is the oldest and largest national university in Japan and has trained many famous alumni, including 15 prime ministers, 10 Nobel laureates and 5 astronauts. Since its inception in 1877, it has grown to become one of the most prestigious universities in the world.
From 2013 to 2017, the University of Tokyo received 358,373 papers and ranked in the top ten academic institutions and physics in the 2018 Nature Index.
In recent years, the University of Tokyo has paid more and more attention to opening the door to the outside world through international cooperation. The center's research staff exchange program includes more than 15,000 scholars, most of whom are from the United States, but also maintain close ties with China, South Korea and other Asian countries.
10. Peking University
Score: 403.74 (0.4%), number of articles: 1396
Founded in 1898, Peking University is the first public comprehensive university in China. Since then, it has been considered one of the two best universities in China, alongside Tsinghua University. Peking University is located in Haidian District, Beijing, adjacent to Yuanmingyuan and the Summer Palace.
In 2018, Peking University ranked 5th, 11th, 11th, and 40th in the fields of chemistry, physics, earth and environmental science, and life sciences of the Natural Index. Its budget is much more limited than Tsinghua University: in 2018 and 2019, its total budget was 12.55 billion yuan ($1.82 billion) and 19 billion yuan.
A number of recent papers published by Peking University researchers have led to extensive discussions, including an analysis of the global beer supply expected to decline due to extreme drought and high temperatures (Nature-Plant, 2018), and It is found that the curvature of the Milky Way is far beyond the previous imagination (Nature-Astronomy, 2019).
Finally, in the Natural Index 2019, China has 17 universities/institutions in the recent global Top 100 list:
参考资料：
Top 10研究机构：
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01922-z
Top 10学术机构：
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01923-y
Nature Index完整表单：
https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2019/institution/all/all
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fVCL3CJEYbdH8Fr-iunncw
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