Juggernaut_Flat_Plane_V8
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There are around 123 Million Jatts in the world...around 33 million of the Jats in India..rest in Pakistan(primarily Muslims).....This firmly establishes the coterminous Pakistan as centre of gravity of Jat populace. I would love to know about the various Jat Kingdoms and dynasties that ruled over regions of coterminous Pakistan over the centuries
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123 Million Jats
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Jats
The Jats are a large Indo-Aryan ethnic community dominating the regions of Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Some historians claim that they are descendents of the Indo-Scythians who entered India from Central Asia, while others go further, linking them to the ancient Getae and Scythian Massagetae. They were mainly agriculturists and warriors, and were later categorised by the British as a martial race and inducted in the army on a large scale.
The Jats are mainly Hindus, but Jats had also embraced Sikhism in a major way and the best-known example of a Jat Sikh was Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the first Sikh empire in the nineteenth century. There are records of several other Hindu Jat kings in history. One of these was the raja of Umarkot in 1540, when the Moghul emperor, Humayun, sought refuge with him.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.)
5th century
Shalinder
Earliest known Jat king, in Shalpur.
Shalinder rules the regions of Shalpur (Sialkot in present day Pakistan).
Haryana has been Jat territory since at least the fifth century AD
710 - 711
The Umayyad Islamic general, Muhammad bin Qasim, sails to Sindh and conquers both that and Punjab (in modern Pakistan), marking major conquests for the caliphate. However, resistance emerges from the Jats in Sindh.
Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb. In 1661, the Jats of Bharatpur were stirred up when a Muslim officer destroyed a temple to replace it with a mosque. He also apparently harassed the populace on a regular basis. Resentment boiled over and an uprising occurred in 1669, led by a Jat village chieftain by the name of Gokula and backed up by twenty thousand followers. The uprising failed, and Gokula was captured and put to death in 1670.
The more successful second rebellion began in 1686, and continued past the death of Aurangzeb. He was the last truly powerful Moghul ruler, so the Jats were able to establish an independent kingdom with Bharatpur as its capital. Several other Jat kingdoms followed, both major and minor. The major kingdoms included Bharatpur, Gohad, and Dholpur (all now in Rajasthan), Kuchesar, Ballabhgarh, and Mursan (all now in Uttar Pradesh).
Other important Jat kingdoms were those of Patiala, Nabha, and Jind (all three in Punjab and all ruled by Jat Sikhs), plus Firozbad, Saidpur (Bulandshahar), and Peshawa (all now in Uttar Pradesh), Nandadevi (now in Garhwal), Dungarpur (now in Rajasthan), and Alwar, plus the Sikh kingdom of Lahore-Punjab (presently in Pakistan), which was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, himself a Jat.
1669 - 1670
Gokul / Gokula
Leader of the first uprising.
1669 - 1670
Gokul leads the Jats in an uprising against the local Muslim officer, Abdul Nabi, killing him and looting his tehsil at Sadabad. Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb orders the destruction of the Keshav Dev temple in retaliation in 1670, which further inflames the Jats. Around 20,000 of them attack Moghul posts, prompting Aurangzeb to confront them at the Battle of Tilpat. Gokul is captured and put to death and his followers are punished severely.
1686
The Jats rise up again under a new leader. Rajaram sacks Akbar's tomb in Sikandara in retaliation for the killing of Gokula, but he himself is killed two years into the uprising which continues under the leadership of his younger brother. However, the Moghul army under the Kachwaha general, Bishan Singh, attacks the Jat territories. Around 1500 Jats are said to be massacred in comparison to the Moghul and Rajput casualty list of nine hundred.
1686 - 1688
Rajaram
Village chief of Sinsini and leader of the second uprising.
1688 - 1696
Bhajja Singh
Brother.
1696 - 1721
Churaman
Son. Founder of the first Jat kingdom at Bharatpur.
Khemkaran Sogaria
Chieftain of the Jat Sogaria clan. Annexed Bharatpur c.1722.
1696
Churaman is determined to clear Jat lands of the Moghuls. He builds up an army and even constructs a fort at Thoon (near Agra). A large number of Jats gather under his leadership, including Khemkaran Sogaria, a Jat chieftain of the Sogaria clan, and he generates additional funds by raiding the regions of Bundi and Kota. He soon wrests Sinsini and Amber from the Moghuls, and in the process forms a powerful regional kingdom.
1721
In Churaman's last days, a fight over property rights ensues between his sons, Mukham and Zulkaran. When both of them refuse to listen to reason, Churaman suffers a fit of anger and consumes poison, ending his life.
1721 - 1722
Mukham
Son.
1722
A third contender to the rights for Churaman's property appears in the form of his nephew Badan Singh. Badan seeks the help of the Rajputs under Jai Singh II, raja of Jaipur, and defeats Mukham in battle. He also saves the life of Jai Singh II and is awarded the title of 'Brijraj' (king of Brij), becoming an important courtier in the Jaipur court. However, it seems that control of Bharatpur itself is lost to Khemkaran Sogaria around this time.
1722 - 1756
Badan Singh
Cousin. King of Brij & thakur of Deeg. Abdicated, and died 1756.
Badan Singh includes the forts of Thoon, Jatauli, Deeg, and more, as his own, and is also given Mathura, Vrindavan, Hisar, Chata, Kosi, Hodal, and Mewat as his jagirs (fiefs) by the raja of Jaipur. The Moghul emperor also recognises him as a king (belatedly) and awards him the title of 'raja' in 1724.
Khemkaran Sogaria
Son of Khemkaran Sogaria. Ruled in Bharatpur.
1745
Having developed a troubling eye ailment, Badan Singh abdicates and distributes his properties amongst his sons. Surajmal and Pratapsingh are the biggest beneficiaries, but Pratapsingh dies an untimely death and Surajmal is declared king.
1745 - 1763
Surajmal / Suraj Mal
Son. Killed in an ambush.
1746
Surajmal helps Fateh Ali Khan, nawab of Aligarh, to repel an attack by the Moghuls at the Battle of Chandaus. Around the same time Surajmal recaptures Bharatpur from Khemkaran Sogaria.
1750
Surajmal defeats a Moghul army and forces the signing of a treaty whereby the Moghuls agree to pay a handsome fee as war compensation, plus promising not to desecrate Hindu temples in Jat territory.
1753 - 1754
Faujdar Bahadur Singh Bargujar of Koil and his son Ajit Singh are killed by Surajmal, and the fort of Ghasera is captured. In the same year, 1753, the Jats also sack Delhi, forcing the Moghuls to seek help from the Marathas. They besiege the Jat fort of Kumher and are on the verge of capturing it when the Jats request the intermediation of Diwan Roop Ram Katara, who is on good terms with Jayappa Scindia. The Scindia ruler of Gwalior uses his influence over Raghunathrao, brother of the Peshwa, to pressure the commander of the Maratha forces, Malharrao Holkar, into accepting a treaty with the Jats, which he does in 1754.
1760 - 1761
The Jats are prepared to help the Marathas in their fight against the Afghan king, Ahmad Shah Abdali, but differences over powersharing in Delhi arise between Surajmal and the Maratha commander, Bhausaheb. As a result, the necessary help on the battlefield is not forthcoming and the Marathas lose the Third Battle of Panipat. Afterwards, Surajmal takes advantage of the war-weariness of all sides in the conflict and expands his own territory (around Haryana), and captures the fort of Agra in 1761.
1763
The fort of Farukhnagar is added to Jat territory, and Jat expansion seems unstoppable until Najib Khan, the nominee of the Afghan chief Abdali, strikes a blow against it on 25 December. While on campaign near Delhi, Surajmal is ambushed by Najib's men and is killed.
1763 - 1768
Jawahar Singh
Son. Murdered while hunting.
1763
To gain the throne, Jawahar Singh has to fight a war of succession against both his brother and his maternal uncle, Balram, with his opposition being supported by the Marathas and the raja of Karauli. Jawahar emerges victorious, and later helps form an independent state at Dholpur by weaning it away from Maratha dominance. Alliances are even made with the British East India Company in order to keep away the Marathas.
1768 - 1769
Ratan Singh
Brother. Lived a debauched lifestyle. Murdered by a juggler.
1769 - 1771
Keshri Singh
Son. Infant at accession. Died of smallpox.
1771 - 1776
Nawal Singh
Uncle (and regent in 1769-1771).
1776 - 1805
Ranjit Singh
Brother.
1805 - 1823
Randhir Singh
Son.
1823 - 1825
Baldeo Singh
Son.
1825
Due to family disputes with the sons of his younger brothers, Durjansal and Madho Singh, Baldeo Singh seeks British intervention. With the help of the resident Sir David Ochterlony, his infant son, Balwant Singh is recognised as his heir. Upon Baldeo's death, Balwant Singh is imprisoned by his cousin, Durjansal, but the British intervene and Balwant Singh is reinstated as king.
1825 - 1853
Balwant Singh
Son.
1853 - 1893
Jaswant Singh
Son.
1893 - 1900
Ram Singh
Son. Deposed.
1900
Ram Singh is deposed and exiled by the British following his murder of one of his servants. He dies in exile in Agra in 1929.
Deeg Palace in Bharaptur
1900 - 1918
Maharani Giriraj Kaur
Wife. Acted as regent for her son. Died 1922.
1918 - 1929
Kishan singh
Son.
1929 - 1947
Brijendra Singh
Son. Last king of Bharatpur.
1947
The dominion of India is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the British. The Jat kingdoms of Bharatpur and Dholpur are subsumed within the republic and their rulers left with just their titles.
India on 15 August 1947 changed everything for the Jat kings. It achieved what centuries of Moghul, Maratha and British rulers had not by sweeping away the old order of princes and kings. The Jat kings of Bharatpur were left with only their title.
1947 - 1995
Brijendra Singh
King of Bharatpur (1929-1947).
1962 - 1971
Brijendra Singh serves as a member of the Indian parliament.
1970 - 1971
The Indian parliament decides to abolish the institution of royalty, and the following year the rulers of the former princely states are de-recognised and their privy purses and titles snatched away from them.
1995 - Present
Vishwendra Singh
Son. Born 1962.
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaJats.htm
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Maharaja Shalinder
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Maharaja Shalinder (409 AD) (महाराजा शैलेन्द्र) was a Taxak Jat ruler in fifth century with his rule extending from Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan.
After the fall of Kushan Empire, the country was divided into small states. There is no information of any important Jat state in a period of two centuries following Kushan rule. In the beginning of fifth century, we find Jat ruler Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Shalindra (409 AD) → Devngli → Sambuka → Degalli (Yadu wives) → Vira Narendra → Vira Chandra → Shali Chandra (540 AD)
Inscription No I
Notes by Col. James Tod[2]
[Note 1.]— In the prologue to this valuable relic, which superficially viewed would appear a string of puerilities; we have conveyed in mystic allegory the mythological origin of the Jit or Gete race. From the members of the chief of the gods ISWAR or Mahadeva, the god of battle, many races claim birth: the warrior from his arms; the Charun from his spine; the prophetic Bhat (Vates) from his tongue; and the Gate or Jit, derives theirs from his tiara, which, formed of his own hair, is called Jit’ha. In this tiara, serpents, emblematic of TIME (kal) and DESTRUCTION, are wreathed; also implicative that the Jits, who are of Takshac, or the serpent race, are thereby protected. The “roaring flood” which descends which descends from this Jit’ha is the river goddess, Ganga, daughter of Mera, wife of Iswara. The mixed colour of his hair, which is partly white, partly of reddish (panduranga) hue, arises from his character of ARDHNARI, or Hermaphroditus. All these characteristics of the god of war must have been brought by the Scythic Gete from the Jaxartes, where they worshipped him as the Sun (Balnath) and as XAMOLSCIS (Yama, vulg. Jama), the infernal divinity.
The 12th Chapter of the Edda, in describing BALDER the second son of Odin, particularly dwells on the beauty of his hair, “whence “the whitest of all vegetables is called the eyebrow of Balder, on the columns of whose temples there are verses engraved, capable of recalling the dead to life.”
How perfectly in unison is all this of the Jits or Jutland and the Jits of Rajasthan. In each case the hair is the chief object of admiration of Balnaath as Balder, and the magical effect of the Runes is not more powerful than that attached by the chief of the Scalds of our Gete prince at the end of this inscription, fresh evidences in support of my hypothesis, that many of the Rajpoot races and Scandinavians have a common origin—that origin, Central Asia.
[Note 2.]— Salpoora is the name of the capital of this Jit prince, and his epithet of Sal-Indra is merely titular, as the Indra, or Lord of Sal-poori, ‘the city of Sal’, which the fortunate discovery of an inscription raised by Komarpal, king of Anhulwara (Neharwalla of D’Anville), dated S. 1207, has enabled me to place “at the base of the Sewaluk Mountains.” In order to elucidate this point, and to give the full value to this record of JIT princes of the Punjab, I append (No.V) a translation of the Neharwala conqueror’s inscription, which will prove beyond a doubt that these princes of SALAPOORI in the Punjab were the leaders of the Yuti from the Jaxartes, who in the fifth century, as recorded by De Guignes, crossed the Indus and possessed themselves of the Punjab; and strange to say, have again risen to power, for the Sikhs (disciples) of Nanuk are almost all of Jit origin.
[Note 3.]— Here this Jit is called of SARYA SAC’HA, branch of ramification of the Saryas; a very ancient race which is noticed by the genealogists synonymously with the SARIASPA, one of the thirty-six royal races, and very probably the same as the SARWAYA of the Komarpal Charitra with the distinguished epithet “the flower of the martial races” (Sarwaya c’shtrya tyn sar).
[Note 4.]— “The fortress of Tacshac.” Whether this TAKSHAC-NAGARI, or castle of the Tak, is the stronghold if SALAPOORI, or the name given to the conquest in the environs of the place, whence this inscription, we can only surmise, and refer the reader to what has been said of Takitpoora. As I have repeatedly said, Taks and Jits are one race.
[Note 5.]— As the Jits intermarried with the Yadus at this early period, it is evident they had forced their way amongst the thirty-six royal races, though they have again lost this rank. No Rajpoot would give a daughter to a Jit, or take one from them to wife.
[Note 6.]— Salichandra is the sixth in descent from the first-named prince. Punjab by the Getes, Yuti, or Jits, from the Jaxartes.
Thakur Deshraj on Kanswa inscription
This is proved from the Pali inscription obtained from village Kanswa in Kota state in year 1820 AD. We get following information from this inscription: [3]
1. Shalendra was a ruler of Shalpuri, the modern Sialkot. He got this state with his own strength.
2. He has a huge army and rich treasury.
3. He was Suryavanshi Jat.
4. He left Buddhism and adopted Puranic religion.
5. The fort of Taxila was under him.
6. He married with a woman of other caste, as a result he had a Dogla son.
7. His son in law married with Yadav Vanshi girls indicates that he was a Taxak Suryavanshi Jat.
8. The chronology of the ruler Maharaja Shalendra is as under:
1. Maharaja Shalendra 2. Dogala 3. Sambuk 4. Degali 5. Veer Narendra.
9. Due to attack of Hunas, the kingdom of descendants of Shalendra was destroyed who moved to Malwa where in samvat 597 (540 AD) Veer Chandra’s son Shalichandra built a temple in village Kanswa on the bank of Taveli River and put inscription in memory of their rule.
According to the inscription of Kanwas, found from a well near River Chambal south of Kota, king Shalendra calls himself of Sarya race and Taka vamsha. Prince Salivahana, the primogenitor of the royal family, was also Taka vanshi. Shalendra was king of Salpur (409 AD). [4]
According to Thakur Deshraj one of the descendants of Maharaja Shalendra,.... married with a Yaduvanshi girl. Vira Narendra was son of Dogala. [5]
He married with a lady of other caste as he has been mentioned as having a dogla issue from him. His descendant Degali had married with daughters of Yaduvanshi. One of these queens gave birth to Veer Narendra. The chronology derived from this inscription is as under:
List of protected monuments by archaeological survey of India in Rajasthan in kota district has three sites:[7]
English Text of Salpura Inscription of Gete or Jit prince of the fifth century, discovered 1820, in a temple at Kunswa, near the Chumbul river, south of Kotah
May the Jit’ha be thy protector ! What does this Jit’h resemble? Which is the vessel of conveyance across the waters of life, which is partly white, partly red? Again, what does it resemble, where the hissing-angered serpents dwell ? What may this Jit’ah be compared to, from whose root the roaring flood descends? Such is the Jit’h : by it may thou be preserved 1.
The fame of Raja Jit I now shall tell, by whose valour the lands of SALPOORA 1 are preserved. The fortunes of Raja Jit are as flames of fire devouring his foe. The mighty warrior SALPOORI.
The whole world praises the Jit prince. Who enlarges the renown of his race, sitting in the midst of haughty warriors, like the lotos in waters, the moon of the sons of men. The foreheads of the princes of the earth worship the toe of his foot. Beams of light irradiate his countenance, issuing from the gems of his arms of strength. Radiant is his array: his riches abundant; his mind generous and profound as the ocean. Such is he of SARYA 3 race, a tribe renowned amongst the tribes of the mighty; whose princes were ever foes to treachery to whom the earth surrendered her fruits, and who added the lands of their foes to their own. By sacrifice, the mind of this lord of men has been purified; fair are his territories, and fair is the FORTRESS OF TAK’HYA 4. The string of whose bow is dreaded, whose wrath is the reaper of the field of combat; but to his dependents he is as the pearl on the neck; who makes no account of the battle, though streams of blood run through the field. As does the silver lotos bend its head before the fierce rays of the sun, so does his foe stoop to him, while the cowards abandon the field.
From this lord of men (Narpati) YADU race 5, and by one a son named VIRA NARINDRA, pure as a flower from the fountain.
Amidst groves of amba, on whose clustering blossoms hang myriads of bees, that the wearied traveler might repose, was this edifice erected. May it and the fame of its founder, continue while ocean rolls, or while the moon, the sun, and hills endure. Samvat 597.--- On the extremity of MALWA, this minister [MINDRA] was erected, on the banks of the river TAVELI, by SALICHANDRA 6, son of VIRACHANDRA.
Whoever will commit this writing to memory, his sins will be obliterated.
Carved by the sculptor SEVNARYA, son of DWARASIVA, and composed by BUTENA, chief of bards.
Translation of an Inscriptions in the Nail-headed character relative to the Takshac (Jit) race[1]
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123 Million Jats
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Jats
The Jats are a large Indo-Aryan ethnic community dominating the regions of Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Some historians claim that they are descendents of the Indo-Scythians who entered India from Central Asia, while others go further, linking them to the ancient Getae and Scythian Massagetae. They were mainly agriculturists and warriors, and were later categorised by the British as a martial race and inducted in the army on a large scale.
The Jats are mainly Hindus, but Jats had also embraced Sikhism in a major way and the best-known example of a Jat Sikh was Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the first Sikh empire in the nineteenth century. There are records of several other Hindu Jat kings in history. One of these was the raja of Umarkot in 1540, when the Moghul emperor, Humayun, sought refuge with him.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.)
5th century
Shalinder
Earliest known Jat king, in Shalpur.
Shalinder rules the regions of Shalpur (Sialkot in present day Pakistan).
Haryana has been Jat territory since at least the fifth century AD
710 - 711
The Umayyad Islamic general, Muhammad bin Qasim, sails to Sindh and conquers both that and Punjab (in modern Pakistan), marking major conquests for the caliphate. However, resistance emerges from the Jats in Sindh.
Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb. In 1661, the Jats of Bharatpur were stirred up when a Muslim officer destroyed a temple to replace it with a mosque. He also apparently harassed the populace on a regular basis. Resentment boiled over and an uprising occurred in 1669, led by a Jat village chieftain by the name of Gokula and backed up by twenty thousand followers. The uprising failed, and Gokula was captured and put to death in 1670.
The more successful second rebellion began in 1686, and continued past the death of Aurangzeb. He was the last truly powerful Moghul ruler, so the Jats were able to establish an independent kingdom with Bharatpur as its capital. Several other Jat kingdoms followed, both major and minor. The major kingdoms included Bharatpur, Gohad, and Dholpur (all now in Rajasthan), Kuchesar, Ballabhgarh, and Mursan (all now in Uttar Pradesh).
Other important Jat kingdoms were those of Patiala, Nabha, and Jind (all three in Punjab and all ruled by Jat Sikhs), plus Firozbad, Saidpur (Bulandshahar), and Peshawa (all now in Uttar Pradesh), Nandadevi (now in Garhwal), Dungarpur (now in Rajasthan), and Alwar, plus the Sikh kingdom of Lahore-Punjab (presently in Pakistan), which was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, himself a Jat.
1669 - 1670
Gokul / Gokula
Leader of the first uprising.
1669 - 1670
Gokul leads the Jats in an uprising against the local Muslim officer, Abdul Nabi, killing him and looting his tehsil at Sadabad. Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb orders the destruction of the Keshav Dev temple in retaliation in 1670, which further inflames the Jats. Around 20,000 of them attack Moghul posts, prompting Aurangzeb to confront them at the Battle of Tilpat. Gokul is captured and put to death and his followers are punished severely.
1686
The Jats rise up again under a new leader. Rajaram sacks Akbar's tomb in Sikandara in retaliation for the killing of Gokula, but he himself is killed two years into the uprising which continues under the leadership of his younger brother. However, the Moghul army under the Kachwaha general, Bishan Singh, attacks the Jat territories. Around 1500 Jats are said to be massacred in comparison to the Moghul and Rajput casualty list of nine hundred.
1686 - 1688
Rajaram
Village chief of Sinsini and leader of the second uprising.
1688 - 1696
Bhajja Singh
Brother.
1696 - 1721
Churaman
Son. Founder of the first Jat kingdom at Bharatpur.
Khemkaran Sogaria
Chieftain of the Jat Sogaria clan. Annexed Bharatpur c.1722.
1696
Churaman is determined to clear Jat lands of the Moghuls. He builds up an army and even constructs a fort at Thoon (near Agra). A large number of Jats gather under his leadership, including Khemkaran Sogaria, a Jat chieftain of the Sogaria clan, and he generates additional funds by raiding the regions of Bundi and Kota. He soon wrests Sinsini and Amber from the Moghuls, and in the process forms a powerful regional kingdom.
1721
In Churaman's last days, a fight over property rights ensues between his sons, Mukham and Zulkaran. When both of them refuse to listen to reason, Churaman suffers a fit of anger and consumes poison, ending his life.
1721 - 1722
Mukham
Son.
1722
A third contender to the rights for Churaman's property appears in the form of his nephew Badan Singh. Badan seeks the help of the Rajputs under Jai Singh II, raja of Jaipur, and defeats Mukham in battle. He also saves the life of Jai Singh II and is awarded the title of 'Brijraj' (king of Brij), becoming an important courtier in the Jaipur court. However, it seems that control of Bharatpur itself is lost to Khemkaran Sogaria around this time.
1722 - 1756
Badan Singh
Cousin. King of Brij & thakur of Deeg. Abdicated, and died 1756.
Badan Singh includes the forts of Thoon, Jatauli, Deeg, and more, as his own, and is also given Mathura, Vrindavan, Hisar, Chata, Kosi, Hodal, and Mewat as his jagirs (fiefs) by the raja of Jaipur. The Moghul emperor also recognises him as a king (belatedly) and awards him the title of 'raja' in 1724.
Khemkaran Sogaria
Son of Khemkaran Sogaria. Ruled in Bharatpur.
1745
Having developed a troubling eye ailment, Badan Singh abdicates and distributes his properties amongst his sons. Surajmal and Pratapsingh are the biggest beneficiaries, but Pratapsingh dies an untimely death and Surajmal is declared king.
1745 - 1763
Surajmal / Suraj Mal
Son. Killed in an ambush.
1746
Surajmal helps Fateh Ali Khan, nawab of Aligarh, to repel an attack by the Moghuls at the Battle of Chandaus. Around the same time Surajmal recaptures Bharatpur from Khemkaran Sogaria.
1750
Surajmal defeats a Moghul army and forces the signing of a treaty whereby the Moghuls agree to pay a handsome fee as war compensation, plus promising not to desecrate Hindu temples in Jat territory.
1753 - 1754
Faujdar Bahadur Singh Bargujar of Koil and his son Ajit Singh are killed by Surajmal, and the fort of Ghasera is captured. In the same year, 1753, the Jats also sack Delhi, forcing the Moghuls to seek help from the Marathas. They besiege the Jat fort of Kumher and are on the verge of capturing it when the Jats request the intermediation of Diwan Roop Ram Katara, who is on good terms with Jayappa Scindia. The Scindia ruler of Gwalior uses his influence over Raghunathrao, brother of the Peshwa, to pressure the commander of the Maratha forces, Malharrao Holkar, into accepting a treaty with the Jats, which he does in 1754.
1760 - 1761
The Jats are prepared to help the Marathas in their fight against the Afghan king, Ahmad Shah Abdali, but differences over powersharing in Delhi arise between Surajmal and the Maratha commander, Bhausaheb. As a result, the necessary help on the battlefield is not forthcoming and the Marathas lose the Third Battle of Panipat. Afterwards, Surajmal takes advantage of the war-weariness of all sides in the conflict and expands his own territory (around Haryana), and captures the fort of Agra in 1761.
1763
The fort of Farukhnagar is added to Jat territory, and Jat expansion seems unstoppable until Najib Khan, the nominee of the Afghan chief Abdali, strikes a blow against it on 25 December. While on campaign near Delhi, Surajmal is ambushed by Najib's men and is killed.
1763 - 1768
Jawahar Singh
Son. Murdered while hunting.
1763
To gain the throne, Jawahar Singh has to fight a war of succession against both his brother and his maternal uncle, Balram, with his opposition being supported by the Marathas and the raja of Karauli. Jawahar emerges victorious, and later helps form an independent state at Dholpur by weaning it away from Maratha dominance. Alliances are even made with the British East India Company in order to keep away the Marathas.
1768 - 1769
Ratan Singh
Brother. Lived a debauched lifestyle. Murdered by a juggler.
1769 - 1771
Keshri Singh
Son. Infant at accession. Died of smallpox.
1771 - 1776
Nawal Singh
Uncle (and regent in 1769-1771).
1776 - 1805
Ranjit Singh
Brother.
1805 - 1823
Randhir Singh
Son.
1823 - 1825
Baldeo Singh
Son.
1825
Due to family disputes with the sons of his younger brothers, Durjansal and Madho Singh, Baldeo Singh seeks British intervention. With the help of the resident Sir David Ochterlony, his infant son, Balwant Singh is recognised as his heir. Upon Baldeo's death, Balwant Singh is imprisoned by his cousin, Durjansal, but the British intervene and Balwant Singh is reinstated as king.
1825 - 1853
Balwant Singh
Son.
1853 - 1893
Jaswant Singh
Son.
1893 - 1900
Ram Singh
Son. Deposed.
1900
Ram Singh is deposed and exiled by the British following his murder of one of his servants. He dies in exile in Agra in 1929.
Deeg Palace in Bharaptur
1900 - 1918
Maharani Giriraj Kaur
Wife. Acted as regent for her son. Died 1922.
1918 - 1929
Kishan singh
Son.
1929 - 1947
Brijendra Singh
Son. Last king of Bharatpur.
1947
The dominion of India is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the British. The Jat kingdoms of Bharatpur and Dholpur are subsumed within the republic and their rulers left with just their titles.
India on 15 August 1947 changed everything for the Jat kings. It achieved what centuries of Moghul, Maratha and British rulers had not by sweeping away the old order of princes and kings. The Jat kings of Bharatpur were left with only their title.
1947 - 1995
Brijendra Singh
King of Bharatpur (1929-1947).
1962 - 1971
Brijendra Singh serves as a member of the Indian parliament.
1970 - 1971
The Indian parliament decides to abolish the institution of royalty, and the following year the rulers of the former princely states are de-recognised and their privy purses and titles snatched away from them.
1995 - Present
Vishwendra Singh
Son. Born 1962.
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaJats.htm
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Maharaja Shalinder
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Maharaja Shalinder (409 AD) (महाराजा शैलेन्द्र) was a Taxak Jat ruler in fifth century with his rule extending from Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan.
After the fall of Kushan Empire, the country was divided into small states. There is no information of any important Jat state in a period of two centuries following Kushan rule. In the beginning of fifth century, we find Jat ruler Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1Genealogy of Shalindra
- 2Kanswa Inscription of Maharaja Shalindra of Salpura 409 AD
- 3Thakur Deshraj on Kanswa inscription
- 4महाराजा शालेन्द्र
- 5ठाकुर देशराज द्वारा महाराजा शालेन्द्र का वर्णन
- 6See also
- 7References
- 8References
Shalindra (409 AD) → Devngli → Sambuka → Degalli (Yadu wives) → Vira Narendra → Vira Chandra → Shali Chandra (540 AD)
Inscription No I
Notes by Col. James Tod[2]
[Note 1.]— In the prologue to this valuable relic, which superficially viewed would appear a string of puerilities; we have conveyed in mystic allegory the mythological origin of the Jit or Gete race. From the members of the chief of the gods ISWAR or Mahadeva, the god of battle, many races claim birth: the warrior from his arms; the Charun from his spine; the prophetic Bhat (Vates) from his tongue; and the Gate or Jit, derives theirs from his tiara, which, formed of his own hair, is called Jit’ha. In this tiara, serpents, emblematic of TIME (kal) and DESTRUCTION, are wreathed; also implicative that the Jits, who are of Takshac, or the serpent race, are thereby protected. The “roaring flood” which descends which descends from this Jit’ha is the river goddess, Ganga, daughter of Mera, wife of Iswara. The mixed colour of his hair, which is partly white, partly of reddish (panduranga) hue, arises from his character of ARDHNARI, or Hermaphroditus. All these characteristics of the god of war must have been brought by the Scythic Gete from the Jaxartes, where they worshipped him as the Sun (Balnath) and as XAMOLSCIS (Yama, vulg. Jama), the infernal divinity.
The 12th Chapter of the Edda, in describing BALDER the second son of Odin, particularly dwells on the beauty of his hair, “whence “the whitest of all vegetables is called the eyebrow of Balder, on the columns of whose temples there are verses engraved, capable of recalling the dead to life.”
How perfectly in unison is all this of the Jits or Jutland and the Jits of Rajasthan. In each case the hair is the chief object of admiration of Balnaath as Balder, and the magical effect of the Runes is not more powerful than that attached by the chief of the Scalds of our Gete prince at the end of this inscription, fresh evidences in support of my hypothesis, that many of the Rajpoot races and Scandinavians have a common origin—that origin, Central Asia.
[Note 2.]— Salpoora is the name of the capital of this Jit prince, and his epithet of Sal-Indra is merely titular, as the Indra, or Lord of Sal-poori, ‘the city of Sal’, which the fortunate discovery of an inscription raised by Komarpal, king of Anhulwara (Neharwalla of D’Anville), dated S. 1207, has enabled me to place “at the base of the Sewaluk Mountains.” In order to elucidate this point, and to give the full value to this record of JIT princes of the Punjab, I append (No.V) a translation of the Neharwala conqueror’s inscription, which will prove beyond a doubt that these princes of SALAPOORI in the Punjab were the leaders of the Yuti from the Jaxartes, who in the fifth century, as recorded by De Guignes, crossed the Indus and possessed themselves of the Punjab; and strange to say, have again risen to power, for the Sikhs (disciples) of Nanuk are almost all of Jit origin.
[Note 3.]— Here this Jit is called of SARYA SAC’HA, branch of ramification of the Saryas; a very ancient race which is noticed by the genealogists synonymously with the SARIASPA, one of the thirty-six royal races, and very probably the same as the SARWAYA of the Komarpal Charitra with the distinguished epithet “the flower of the martial races” (Sarwaya c’shtrya tyn sar).
[Note 4.]— “The fortress of Tacshac.” Whether this TAKSHAC-NAGARI, or castle of the Tak, is the stronghold if SALAPOORI, or the name given to the conquest in the environs of the place, whence this inscription, we can only surmise, and refer the reader to what has been said of Takitpoora. As I have repeatedly said, Taks and Jits are one race.
[Note 5.]— As the Jits intermarried with the Yadus at this early period, it is evident they had forced their way amongst the thirty-six royal races, though they have again lost this rank. No Rajpoot would give a daughter to a Jit, or take one from them to wife.
[Note 6.]— Salichandra is the sixth in descent from the first-named prince. Punjab by the Getes, Yuti, or Jits, from the Jaxartes.
Thakur Deshraj on Kanswa inscription
This is proved from the Pali inscription obtained from village Kanswa in Kota state in year 1820 AD. We get following information from this inscription: [3]
1. Shalendra was a ruler of Shalpuri, the modern Sialkot. He got this state with his own strength.
2. He has a huge army and rich treasury.
3. He was Suryavanshi Jat.
4. He left Buddhism and adopted Puranic religion.
5. The fort of Taxila was under him.
6. He married with a woman of other caste, as a result he had a Dogla son.
7. His son in law married with Yadav Vanshi girls indicates that he was a Taxak Suryavanshi Jat.
8. The chronology of the ruler Maharaja Shalendra is as under:
1. Maharaja Shalendra 2. Dogala 3. Sambuk 4. Degali 5. Veer Narendra.
9. Due to attack of Hunas, the kingdom of descendants of Shalendra was destroyed who moved to Malwa where in samvat 597 (540 AD) Veer Chandra’s son Shalichandra built a temple in village Kanswa on the bank of Taveli River and put inscription in memory of their rule.
According to the inscription of Kanwas, found from a well near River Chambal south of Kota, king Shalendra calls himself of Sarya race and Taka vamsha. Prince Salivahana, the primogenitor of the royal family, was also Taka vanshi. Shalendra was king of Salpur (409 AD). [4]
According to Thakur Deshraj one of the descendants of Maharaja Shalendra,.... married with a Yaduvanshi girl. Vira Narendra was son of Dogala. [5]
He married with a lady of other caste as he has been mentioned as having a dogla issue from him. His descendant Degali had married with daughters of Yaduvanshi. One of these queens gave birth to Veer Narendra. The chronology derived from this inscription is as under:
- 1. Dogla,
- 3. Sambuk,
- 4. Degali,
- 5. Veer Narendra
- 6. Veerchandra
- 7. Shalichandra
List of protected monuments by archaeological survey of India in Rajasthan in kota district has three sites:[7]
- Charchoma-Shiva Temple and two unpublished Gupta Inscriptions
- Dara- Temple, Fortwall and Statues
- Kanswa - Temple with Inscription
English Text of Salpura Inscription of Gete or Jit prince of the fifth century, discovered 1820, in a temple at Kunswa, near the Chumbul river, south of Kotah
May the Jit’ha be thy protector ! What does this Jit’h resemble? Which is the vessel of conveyance across the waters of life, which is partly white, partly red? Again, what does it resemble, where the hissing-angered serpents dwell ? What may this Jit’ah be compared to, from whose root the roaring flood descends? Such is the Jit’h : by it may thou be preserved 1.
The fame of Raja Jit I now shall tell, by whose valour the lands of SALPOORA 1 are preserved. The fortunes of Raja Jit are as flames of fire devouring his foe. The mighty warrior SALPOORI.
The whole world praises the Jit prince. Who enlarges the renown of his race, sitting in the midst of haughty warriors, like the lotos in waters, the moon of the sons of men. The foreheads of the princes of the earth worship the toe of his foot. Beams of light irradiate his countenance, issuing from the gems of his arms of strength. Radiant is his array: his riches abundant; his mind generous and profound as the ocean. Such is he of SARYA 3 race, a tribe renowned amongst the tribes of the mighty; whose princes were ever foes to treachery to whom the earth surrendered her fruits, and who added the lands of their foes to their own. By sacrifice, the mind of this lord of men has been purified; fair are his territories, and fair is the FORTRESS OF TAK’HYA 4. The string of whose bow is dreaded, whose wrath is the reaper of the field of combat; but to his dependents he is as the pearl on the neck; who makes no account of the battle, though streams of blood run through the field. As does the silver lotos bend its head before the fierce rays of the sun, so does his foe stoop to him, while the cowards abandon the field.
From this lord of men (Narpati) YADU race 5, and by one a son named VIRA NARINDRA, pure as a flower from the fountain.
Amidst groves of amba, on whose clustering blossoms hang myriads of bees, that the wearied traveler might repose, was this edifice erected. May it and the fame of its founder, continue while ocean rolls, or while the moon, the sun, and hills endure. Samvat 597.--- On the extremity of MALWA, this minister [MINDRA] was erected, on the banks of the river TAVELI, by SALICHANDRA 6, son of VIRACHANDRA.
Whoever will commit this writing to memory, his sins will be obliterated.
Carved by the sculptor SEVNARYA, son of DWARASIVA, and composed by BUTENA, chief of bards.
Translation of an Inscriptions in the Nail-headed character relative to the Takshac (Jit) race[1]
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