Why isn't the iPhone made in America? | Prestowitz
Furthermore, the article basically describes China as nothing more than a proxy in a real trade war against Japan, Taiwan and Korea.
Recently, a new tale has been told by the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) which dissected the supply chain of the iPhone. The study found that China is actually not doing much of the manufacturing. In fact, it is mainly assembling the various parts of the iPhone into the final product and then shipping that to the United States. Because of the way trade statistics work, U.S. customs attributes the entire manufacturing value of the iPhone to China, the point of shipment of the final product. This results in the $2 billion U.S. iPhone trade deficit with China. In actuality, says the ADBI, China's assembly of the iPhone parts accounts for only about 3 percent, or $6, of the final value and because China actually imports some of the more expensive parts from the United States, it actually has a deficit on iPhone trade with America.
The ADBI study is quite good and true as far as it goes. The bulk of the manufacturing of the iPhone is not done in China (although that is changing rapidly) or in any other low-cost labor country. The battery chargers, camera lenses, and timing crystals all come from Taiwan. The screen is from Japan, the video processing chip from South Korea, and many of the other chips Taiwan's Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company. In all, over nine countries produce the parts and components that all head to final assembly in China. So, it is indeed, quite possible that the United States has a trade surplus with China qua China on the iPhone.
Chinese nationalists like to brag about how iPhone symbolizes "Made In China", but there is little Chinese content in each iPhone; Chinese contribution is mostly cheap labor and some minor cheap parts worth $6, and Foxconn can always lift its iPhone factory up and move to Vietnam should the time comes. This is the reason why China runs massive trade deficits against Taiwan and Korea, because all the high-value high-tech parts of "Made In China" product come from those two countries.That raises more interesting questions. The other Asian countries -- particularly Japan, but also Korea and Taiwan -- do not have low labor costs. Indeed, Japan and Korea are members of the Organization for Economic Development (OECD), the long time rich nations club. Furthermore, the parts they supply for the iPhone -- semiconductor chips, displays, lenses, etc. are not labor intensive. They are capital and, above all, technology intensive. Exactly the kind of products in which the United States is supposed to be the leader. So if America actually did produce the stuff it says it is good at producing, it wouldn't have a trade deficit with Asia for which China is the proxy at all. It would have a trade surplus and 20-40,000 more jobs than it has.
Furthermore, the article basically describes China as nothing more than a proxy in a real trade war against Japan, Taiwan and Korea.