In 1600, the British colonialists founded East India Company in India, engaged in commercial exploitation.In 1757, the British defeated the India Bangladesh, India became a British colony. In 1849, the British conquestthroughout India, India became a British colonial system in East political, economic center and to Asia foraggression and expansion of strategic bases.
In nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, was the heyday of the British empire. Due to the India this"king bright pearl on the crown of England" and "foodbasket" attaches great importance to ensure the long-term stable, squeezed in the subcontinent to maximize economic benefits, according to the geographicalfeatures of India and the surrounding environment, the British strategists gradually put forward the so-called"protect the security of India" "three buffer, twoconcentric circles and a lake" strategic thinking. "The British under the administration of Tibet", is one of the three buffer. Starting from the strategic conception ofTibet, British aggression have become the inevitable.
The Empire invaded Tibet from the beginning of the invasion of Sikkim. In 1830 the British colonial authoritiesin the name of mediation Seney relationship, the actual control of the Tibet India traffic, as the British colonialSikkim, and laid the foundation for further invasion of Tibet. In 1860, the British and French allied forcesinvaded Beijing, the British colonial authorities took the opportunity to launch Sikkim, forced to sign the Treaty oftin, including "with Tibet's trade is" attempting to tradegradually infiltrated into Tibet.
In 1865, the British to Bhutan is also included in the scope of the British colonial power. Look at fiercely as a tiger does the British have from Tibet zhichizhiyao.Russia is at this time for South India ocean strategyactively, aggression is also directed at the northwest,southwest china. Russia's move ambitions for the Britishinvasion of Tibet constitute a threat. Looking for troubleinvasion of Tibet, the British on the grounds of the "Ma Jiali incident", the Qing government to exert strong pressure. In September 13, 1876, Li Hongzhang was forced to and the British Minister Withoma signed the"Treaty of Yantai" and "Tibet special article". In addition to the "loss" "apology", also allows the British OpenTibetan traffic.
At the same time, the English settlers in Sikkim reserve materials, deployed forces, intensify aggressive warpreparation. Since then, the British deliberately border disputes, at the end of 1887, the British to local government of Tibet in the dragon card "soil damagetrade" in the name of protest to the government of the Qing Dynasty, Tibetan troops withdraw from the Dragonsoil requirements. Corrupt and incompetent Qing government regardless of national leadership to the British sovereign, yield, forcing the local government of Tibet dragon soil withdrawal of troops. But the Tibetlocal government resolutely curb, refused to withdraw,and actively preparing for blocking the British invasion. In March 19, 1888, the British first invasion war against tibet. At the beginning of the war, the Tibetan armyfought bravely, the invasion of the British form efficient.The Qing government fear the Tibetan side in the war,will support the anti British Amban Wen Shuo cashiered,appointed obedient Lord and Sheng Tai for the newresident deputy minister, and sent the Britishgovernment as the brother of Hird Hector the assistant.But the local government had Tibet still deploy forces,ordered the monks and lay people in more than 1 peopleto the front, in June to October with the invasion of the British several operations, to collect back to long spitmountain. Shengtai to hide, full implementation of the Qing government concessions route, ordered the Tibetan troops on standby Parry, no British counterattack. In this case, the Tibetan army althoughdesperate resistance, but eventually failed to stop when the British attacked, British has captured is lira, Ya Dong, Lang heat etc.. So far, Britain's first invasion ofthe end.
In March 17, 1890, Suntime after Ya Dong went to Calcutta, and the British Indian government governor Langston signed a "Sino British treaty" Tibet and india.Later, the British government in December 5, 1893 in theprinting down collar forced the Qing government signed the "contract" in Tibet and india. "Contract" provisionssince May 1, 1894 opening of Tibet Ya Dong tradingplaces, Ya Dong in the switch from the date, 5 yearsTibet India trade without tax. Since Ya Dong wasopened as a commercial port, the Qing government toset up Tibet's first customs (another British invasion Tibet since 1888 after Ya Dong became a commercialversion). Although the regulations in the "contract", Ya Dong opened 5 years after the beginning of tariffs, but the customs of the Qing government but never fulfillduties responsibilities. With the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, in 1913, Ya Dong customs completely shut down. Since then, the British invasion forces into Tibet.
Since Ya Dong was regarded as a commercial port, the border trade is increasing, the firm is also more and more, the market more prosperous, Ya Dong graduallyTibet became an important center of imported materials,at the beginning of twentieth Century, the volume of transactions when the maximum billion dollar, then the India China border trade accounted for more than 80% of the total. After India's independence in 1947, the rapiddevelopment of bilateral trade Nathu la. 10 years later,there are more than 1000 mules and 700 people every day on this road. At that time, India imports of animalleather, wool, yak tail goods, export clothing, tobacco,soap, Rolex watches and even car decomposition, theychange into a bag of China silver. The boss Ma Zhenand the "small Hongkong" of reputation to the.
Since 1962, the Sino Indian border conflict, China and India have rescinded the original border trade marketinstitutions such as customs, Nathu La pass by the armyto guard the border trade channel, barbed wire isolation.
