akand bharat
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DDG 1000 Zumwalt Class - Multimission Destroyer, United States of Americ
In November 2001, the US Department of Defense announced that the DD 21 programme had been revised and would now be known as DD(X). The programme focus would now be on a family of advanced technology surface combatants, rather than a single ship class.
A revised request for proposals was issued and in April 2002, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, Ingalls was selected as the lead design agent for DD(X). Northrop Grumman led the 'gold team', which included Raytheon Systems Company as the systems integrator.
"It was envisaged that the DDG 1000 would have an all-electric drive with an integrated power system."
The 'gold team' proposal incorporates 'blue team' leader Bath Iron Works (a General Dynamics company) as a subcontractor for design and test activities. Other major subcontractors include Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems Land and Armaments (formerly United Defense) and Boeing.
In November 2005, DD(X) was approved for system development and demonstration (SDD). In April 2006, the USN announced that the first ship of the class will be designated DDG 1000 Zumwalt.
The second ship was named as Michael Monsoor (DDG 1001) in October 2008.
The USN budget for the 2007 and 2008 financial year provided funding for the first two ships to be built by General Dynamics Bath Iron Works and Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, rather than hold a competition, as was previously anticipated. In September 2007 it was decided that Bath Iron Works will build the lead ship.
The US Navy awarded the contract for the construction of the first two ships to General Dynamics (DDG 1000) and Northrop Grumman (DDG 1001) in February 2008.
The construction of DDG 1000 began in February 2009 and that of DDG-1001 began in September 2009. The DDG 1000 was launched in October 2013 and is expected to be delivered by late 2016. The DDG-1001 is expected to be delivered by 2018.
The number of ships required was planned to be between eight and 12 but, in July 2008, the US Navy announced that the DDG 1000 programme would be cancelled after completion of the first two ships. The USN will instead continue with construction of further Arleigh Burke (DDG 51) destroyers.
However, in August 2008, the USN announced it had decided to provide funding for a third Zumwalt Class destroyer. In April 2009, it was announced the DDG-1000 programme would end with the third ship.
In August 2009, Temeku Technologies received a contract from the US Navy for the procurement of the flight deck lights (FDL) on Zumwalt Class destroyer.
In April 2010, Colfax Corporation received a contract from the US Navy to supply SMART technology systems to the first two DDG-1000 Zumwalt Class destroyers.
Recent developments of the Zumwalt programme
The US Navy awarded a task order to CSC in March 2011 to provide engineering and programme support for the DDG 1000 Zumwalt class destroyer.
In February 2011, General Dynamics Bath Iron Works received a contract to provide additional systems engineering services, which deal with detail design and construction of the Zumwalt (DDG 1000) class destroyer.
In September 2011, General Dynamics Bath Iron Works received a $1.8bn fixed-price-incentive contract to build DDG 1001 and DDG 1002. The contract excludes the superstructure of DDG 1001 which is being built by Northrop Grumman's spun-off shipbuilding arm Huntington-Ingalls Industries. DDG 1001 is expected to be delivered in December 2015 and DDG 1002 in February 2018.
Northrop Grumman has completed DDG 1000 system design and 11 engineering development models (EDM) and the system-wide critical design review was successfully completed in September 2005. The EDMs include: advanced gun system, integrated power system, composite deckhouse, peripheral vertical launch system, integrated sonar system (with advanced towed array and high-frequency active sonar) and dual band radar suite. A decommissioned Spruance Class destroyer (USS Arthur W Radford) will serve as the test platform for the DDG 1000.
DDG 1000 replaces the DD 21 Zumwalt programme which was for a class of 32 multimission destroyers to replace Oliver Hazard Perry Class frigates (FFG 7) and Spruance class destroyers (DD 963) from 2012.
Unlike previous classes of destroyer, which were primarily to counter deep-water threats, the DD 21's primary mission would be to provide land attack support for ground forces and carry out traditional destroyer missions of anti-air, anti-surface and undersea warfare.
In April 2012, DDG 1002 was named as USS Lyndon B. Johnson, after the nation's 36th president.
The USS Lyndon B. Johnson will be the third Zumwalt-class destroyer and delivery is expected in 2018, with construction having started on April 4, 2012.
DDG 1000 Zumwalt Class design
DDG 1000 will have a 'tumblehome' hull form, i.e. a design in which hull slopes inward from above the waterline. This will significantly reduce the radar cross section since such a slope returns a much less defined radar image rather than a more hard-angled hull form.
Requirements for the integrated deckhouse EDM is that it is fully EMC (electromagetic compatibility) shielded with reduced infrared and radar signatures. Measures to fulfil these conditions include an all-composite superstructure, low signature electronically steered arrays, an integrated multifunction mast and low radar and infrared signatures. Other measures to reduce the vessel's infrared signature include the development of an exhaust suppressor.
Harris Corporation has been awarded a contract for the development of the common data link (CDL) X/Ku-band phased array antenna systems, which will be integrated into the integrated deckhouse assembly. The multibeam electronically-steered antenna will allow connectivity with up to eight CDL terminals.
The DDG 1000 is planned to have a displacement of around 12,000t, less than the 14,000t or more of the DD-21, with a sustained speed of around 30kt.
Crew onboard the Multimission destroyer
DDG 1000 will have a crew of 142, including the aviation detachment. This represented major theoretical cost saving compared to crew levels of 330 on Spruance destroyers and 200 on Oliver Hazard Perry frigates.
Zumwalt Class command and control
In November 2007, Raytheon IDS was awarded the contract as the prime mission systems integrator for all electronic and combat systems.
Raytheon delivered the first electronic modular enclosure (EME) for the Zumwalt Class destroyer (DDG 1000) in May 2010.
The combat system will be based on the total ship computing environment (TSCE) utilising open architecture, standardised software and commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. Raytheon delivered more than six million lines of software for the DDG 1000 Zumwalt-class destroyer programme in January 2013.
General Dynamics is responsible for the common enterprise display system (CEDS).
DDG1000 weaponry
DDG 1000 will have a sensor and weapons suite optimised for littoral warfare and for network-centric warfare. Northrop Grumman has put forward a solution based on a peripheral vertical launch system (PVLS).
The solution consists of 20 four-cell PVLS situated round the perimeter of the deck, rather than the usual centrally located VLS. This would reduce the ship's vulnerability to a single hit.
The advanced vertical launch system (AVLS) that forms the basis of the PVLS is being developed by BAE Systems Land and Armaments and Raytheon and has been designated the mk57 VLS.
Missile systems under consideration include tactical tomahawk (intended to succeed Tomahawk TLAM), standard missile SM-3 and the evolved Sea Sparrow missile (ESSM) for air defence.
BAE Systems Land and Armaments has been awarded the contract to develop the EDM for the ship's advanced gun system (AGS), building on development work carried out for DD-21.
It will be equipped with a fully automated weapon handling and storage system and a family of advanced munitions and propelling charges, including the GPS-guided long-range land attack projectile (LRLAP). Up to 900 rounds of LRAP ammunition will be carried.
Lockheed Martin has been awarded the contract for the LRAP EDM.
The family of munitions is expected to include land attack and ballistic projectiles. Technologies derived from the US Navy's extended-range guided munition (ERGM), the US Army 155mm XM-982 projectiles and the DTRA 5in projectile are being studied for incorporation into the projectile suite.
BAE Systems Land and Armaments is developing advanced gun barrel technologies for the new AGS, with improvements to barrel life, overall system performance and life-cycle costs.
The ship's close-in gun system (CIGS) will be the BAE Systems Land and Armaments 57mm mk110 naval gun. The gun has a firing rate of 220 rounds a minute and range of 14km (nine miles). Raytheon IDS is supplying the ship's electro-optical / infrared suite which has five Lockheed Martin sensors and will provide 360° surveillance and gun fire control.
Radar and sonar aboard the Zumwalt Class destroyer
The radar suite will consist of a dual-band radar for horizon and volume search - a Lockheed Martin S-band volume search radar (VSR) integrated with the AN/SPY-3 multifunction radar already being developed by Raytheon for the US Navy. The two radars are to be integrated at waveform level for enhanced surveillance and tracking capability.
The AN/SPY-3 multifunction radar (MFR) is an X-band active phased-array radar designed to detect low-observable anti-ship cruise missiles and support fire-control illumination for the ESSM and standard missiles.
The ship's Raytheon AN/SQQ-90 integrated undersea warfare system includes AN/SQS-60 hull-mounted mid frequency sonar, AN/SQS-61 hull-mounted high-frequency sonar and AN/SQR-20 multifunction towed array sonar and handling system.
The DDG 1000 ship design includes two landing spots for helicopters.
Zumwalt Class propulsion system
It was envisaged that the DDG 1000 would have an all-electric drive with an integrated power system, (IPS) based on in-hull permanent magnet-synchronous motors (PMMs). The provision of electric drive eliminates the need for drive shaft and reduction gears and brings benefits in acoustic signature reduction, an increase in available power for weapon systems and improvements in the quality of life for crew.
"In April 2006, the USN announced that the first ship of the class will be designated DDG 1000 Zumwalt."
DRS Technologies power technology unit received development contracts for the PMM motors, electric drive and control system for the IPS.
However in September 2007, Converteam (formerly Alsthom Power Conversion) was awarded the contract for the IPS with a solution based on advanced induction motors (AIM). In August 2009 Converteam received another contract from the US Navy to supply long-lead materials for Zumwalt Class destroyer DDG-1000 under the high-voltage power subsystem (HVPS) project.
The Rolls-Royce MT30 36MW gas turbine generator set has been selected to power the IPS EDM. Rolls-Royce delivered the first set in February 2005. Rolls-Royce was awarded a contract for four MT30 sets for the first two DDG-1000 destroyers in March 2007.
The MT30 has 80% commonality with the Rolls-Royce Trent 800 aero engine and Rolls-Royce states that it is the most powerful marine gas turbine in the world. CAE will supply the integrated platform management system.
In November 2001, the US Department of Defense announced that the DD 21 programme had been revised and would now be known as DD(X). The programme focus would now be on a family of advanced technology surface combatants, rather than a single ship class.
A revised request for proposals was issued and in April 2002, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, Ingalls was selected as the lead design agent for DD(X). Northrop Grumman led the 'gold team', which included Raytheon Systems Company as the systems integrator.
"It was envisaged that the DDG 1000 would have an all-electric drive with an integrated power system."
The 'gold team' proposal incorporates 'blue team' leader Bath Iron Works (a General Dynamics company) as a subcontractor for design and test activities. Other major subcontractors include Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems Land and Armaments (formerly United Defense) and Boeing.
In November 2005, DD(X) was approved for system development and demonstration (SDD). In April 2006, the USN announced that the first ship of the class will be designated DDG 1000 Zumwalt.
The second ship was named as Michael Monsoor (DDG 1001) in October 2008.
The USN budget for the 2007 and 2008 financial year provided funding for the first two ships to be built by General Dynamics Bath Iron Works and Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, rather than hold a competition, as was previously anticipated. In September 2007 it was decided that Bath Iron Works will build the lead ship.
The US Navy awarded the contract for the construction of the first two ships to General Dynamics (DDG 1000) and Northrop Grumman (DDG 1001) in February 2008.
The construction of DDG 1000 began in February 2009 and that of DDG-1001 began in September 2009. The DDG 1000 was launched in October 2013 and is expected to be delivered by late 2016. The DDG-1001 is expected to be delivered by 2018.
The number of ships required was planned to be between eight and 12 but, in July 2008, the US Navy announced that the DDG 1000 programme would be cancelled after completion of the first two ships. The USN will instead continue with construction of further Arleigh Burke (DDG 51) destroyers.
However, in August 2008, the USN announced it had decided to provide funding for a third Zumwalt Class destroyer. In April 2009, it was announced the DDG-1000 programme would end with the third ship.
In August 2009, Temeku Technologies received a contract from the US Navy for the procurement of the flight deck lights (FDL) on Zumwalt Class destroyer.
In April 2010, Colfax Corporation received a contract from the US Navy to supply SMART technology systems to the first two DDG-1000 Zumwalt Class destroyers.
Recent developments of the Zumwalt programme
The US Navy awarded a task order to CSC in March 2011 to provide engineering and programme support for the DDG 1000 Zumwalt class destroyer.
In February 2011, General Dynamics Bath Iron Works received a contract to provide additional systems engineering services, which deal with detail design and construction of the Zumwalt (DDG 1000) class destroyer.
In September 2011, General Dynamics Bath Iron Works received a $1.8bn fixed-price-incentive contract to build DDG 1001 and DDG 1002. The contract excludes the superstructure of DDG 1001 which is being built by Northrop Grumman's spun-off shipbuilding arm Huntington-Ingalls Industries. DDG 1001 is expected to be delivered in December 2015 and DDG 1002 in February 2018.
Northrop Grumman has completed DDG 1000 system design and 11 engineering development models (EDM) and the system-wide critical design review was successfully completed in September 2005. The EDMs include: advanced gun system, integrated power system, composite deckhouse, peripheral vertical launch system, integrated sonar system (with advanced towed array and high-frequency active sonar) and dual band radar suite. A decommissioned Spruance Class destroyer (USS Arthur W Radford) will serve as the test platform for the DDG 1000.
DDG 1000 replaces the DD 21 Zumwalt programme which was for a class of 32 multimission destroyers to replace Oliver Hazard Perry Class frigates (FFG 7) and Spruance class destroyers (DD 963) from 2012.
Unlike previous classes of destroyer, which were primarily to counter deep-water threats, the DD 21's primary mission would be to provide land attack support for ground forces and carry out traditional destroyer missions of anti-air, anti-surface and undersea warfare.
In April 2012, DDG 1002 was named as USS Lyndon B. Johnson, after the nation's 36th president.
The USS Lyndon B. Johnson will be the third Zumwalt-class destroyer and delivery is expected in 2018, with construction having started on April 4, 2012.
DDG 1000 Zumwalt Class design
DDG 1000 will have a 'tumblehome' hull form, i.e. a design in which hull slopes inward from above the waterline. This will significantly reduce the radar cross section since such a slope returns a much less defined radar image rather than a more hard-angled hull form.
Requirements for the integrated deckhouse EDM is that it is fully EMC (electromagetic compatibility) shielded with reduced infrared and radar signatures. Measures to fulfil these conditions include an all-composite superstructure, low signature electronically steered arrays, an integrated multifunction mast and low radar and infrared signatures. Other measures to reduce the vessel's infrared signature include the development of an exhaust suppressor.
Harris Corporation has been awarded a contract for the development of the common data link (CDL) X/Ku-band phased array antenna systems, which will be integrated into the integrated deckhouse assembly. The multibeam electronically-steered antenna will allow connectivity with up to eight CDL terminals.
The DDG 1000 is planned to have a displacement of around 12,000t, less than the 14,000t or more of the DD-21, with a sustained speed of around 30kt.
Crew onboard the Multimission destroyer
DDG 1000 will have a crew of 142, including the aviation detachment. This represented major theoretical cost saving compared to crew levels of 330 on Spruance destroyers and 200 on Oliver Hazard Perry frigates.
Zumwalt Class command and control
In November 2007, Raytheon IDS was awarded the contract as the prime mission systems integrator for all electronic and combat systems.
Raytheon delivered the first electronic modular enclosure (EME) for the Zumwalt Class destroyer (DDG 1000) in May 2010.
The combat system will be based on the total ship computing environment (TSCE) utilising open architecture, standardised software and commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. Raytheon delivered more than six million lines of software for the DDG 1000 Zumwalt-class destroyer programme in January 2013.
General Dynamics is responsible for the common enterprise display system (CEDS).
DDG1000 weaponry
DDG 1000 will have a sensor and weapons suite optimised for littoral warfare and for network-centric warfare. Northrop Grumman has put forward a solution based on a peripheral vertical launch system (PVLS).
The solution consists of 20 four-cell PVLS situated round the perimeter of the deck, rather than the usual centrally located VLS. This would reduce the ship's vulnerability to a single hit.
The advanced vertical launch system (AVLS) that forms the basis of the PVLS is being developed by BAE Systems Land and Armaments and Raytheon and has been designated the mk57 VLS.
Missile systems under consideration include tactical tomahawk (intended to succeed Tomahawk TLAM), standard missile SM-3 and the evolved Sea Sparrow missile (ESSM) for air defence.
BAE Systems Land and Armaments has been awarded the contract to develop the EDM for the ship's advanced gun system (AGS), building on development work carried out for DD-21.
It will be equipped with a fully automated weapon handling and storage system and a family of advanced munitions and propelling charges, including the GPS-guided long-range land attack projectile (LRLAP). Up to 900 rounds of LRAP ammunition will be carried.
Lockheed Martin has been awarded the contract for the LRAP EDM.
The family of munitions is expected to include land attack and ballistic projectiles. Technologies derived from the US Navy's extended-range guided munition (ERGM), the US Army 155mm XM-982 projectiles and the DTRA 5in projectile are being studied for incorporation into the projectile suite.
BAE Systems Land and Armaments is developing advanced gun barrel technologies for the new AGS, with improvements to barrel life, overall system performance and life-cycle costs.
The ship's close-in gun system (CIGS) will be the BAE Systems Land and Armaments 57mm mk110 naval gun. The gun has a firing rate of 220 rounds a minute and range of 14km (nine miles). Raytheon IDS is supplying the ship's electro-optical / infrared suite which has five Lockheed Martin sensors and will provide 360° surveillance and gun fire control.
Radar and sonar aboard the Zumwalt Class destroyer
The radar suite will consist of a dual-band radar for horizon and volume search - a Lockheed Martin S-band volume search radar (VSR) integrated with the AN/SPY-3 multifunction radar already being developed by Raytheon for the US Navy. The two radars are to be integrated at waveform level for enhanced surveillance and tracking capability.
The AN/SPY-3 multifunction radar (MFR) is an X-band active phased-array radar designed to detect low-observable anti-ship cruise missiles and support fire-control illumination for the ESSM and standard missiles.
The ship's Raytheon AN/SQQ-90 integrated undersea warfare system includes AN/SQS-60 hull-mounted mid frequency sonar, AN/SQS-61 hull-mounted high-frequency sonar and AN/SQR-20 multifunction towed array sonar and handling system.
The DDG 1000 ship design includes two landing spots for helicopters.
Zumwalt Class propulsion system
It was envisaged that the DDG 1000 would have an all-electric drive with an integrated power system, (IPS) based on in-hull permanent magnet-synchronous motors (PMMs). The provision of electric drive eliminates the need for drive shaft and reduction gears and brings benefits in acoustic signature reduction, an increase in available power for weapon systems and improvements in the quality of life for crew.
"In April 2006, the USN announced that the first ship of the class will be designated DDG 1000 Zumwalt."
DRS Technologies power technology unit received development contracts for the PMM motors, electric drive and control system for the IPS.
However in September 2007, Converteam (formerly Alsthom Power Conversion) was awarded the contract for the IPS with a solution based on advanced induction motors (AIM). In August 2009 Converteam received another contract from the US Navy to supply long-lead materials for Zumwalt Class destroyer DDG-1000 under the high-voltage power subsystem (HVPS) project.
The Rolls-Royce MT30 36MW gas turbine generator set has been selected to power the IPS EDM. Rolls-Royce delivered the first set in February 2005. Rolls-Royce was awarded a contract for four MT30 sets for the first two DDG-1000 destroyers in March 2007.
The MT30 has 80% commonality with the Rolls-Royce Trent 800 aero engine and Rolls-Royce states that it is the most powerful marine gas turbine in the world. CAE will supply the integrated platform management system.
